A PATTERN BOOK FOR HAMPTON

Transcription

1 A PATTERN BOOK FOR HAMPTON APRIL 2011 Pressy Otley & Pasture Point Neighborhoods

2 HAMPTON VIRGINIA A PATTERN BOOK FOR HAMPTON Prepared for city of hampton, virginia Prepared by urban design associates Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Pressy Otley & Pasture Point Neighborhoods

3 contents Introduction Overview 10 Regional Precedents 12 Community Patterns Overview 16 Neighborhood Plans 18 Street Design 20 Lot Guidelines 22 Parking 26 Landscaping 28 4 contents

4 Architecture Patterns Hampton Colonial Overview 32 History and Character 34 Massing and Composition 36 Eave Details and Wall Section 38 Windows and Doors 40 Porches 42 Materials and Applications 43 Hampton Arts and Crafts History and Character 44 Massing and Composition 46 Eave Details and Wall Section 48 Windows and Doors 50 Porches 52 Materials and Applications 53 Hampton Victorian History and Character 54 Massing and Composition 56 Eave Details and Wall Section 58 Windows and Doors 60 Porches 62 Materials and Applications 63 Hampton Commercial History and Character 64 Massing and Composition 66 Architectural Elements 68 Windows 70 Doors 71 Storefront Compositions 72 Materials and Applications 73 contents 5

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6 INTRODUCTION

7 overview Building a Hampton Neighborhood Neighborhood Character The best qualities of historic neighborhoods are those that provide connections between the elements most meaningful to both past and future, whether those are connections between people and a sense of community, between places and buildings, or between heritage and growth. The Hampton Pattern Book describes the city s unique character and the essential characteristics of its built form that citizens know and cherish. The Pattern Book demonstrates how new development can fit in harmoniously with the community s historic traditions. New buildings and public spaces should reflect the cherished characteristics of the region s existing neighborhoods. Pressy Otley & Pasture Point are two infi ll sites that will serves as examples of this ethic. The Pattern Book illustrates how to properly plan and design for that growth. The qualitative design measures contained in the Pattern Book augment the requirements defined in zoning and other development-related requirements. Using the Pattern Book Illustrative Master Plan The Hampton Pattern Book relates details for three architectural styles that represent the local historical context. From this information, design guidelines are established that aim to create sustainable, attractive housing that respects the qualities of the local traditions and landscape. The Pattern Book contains three sections:» Introduction describes the architectural inspirations that give future neighborhoods, including Pressy Otley & Pasture Point, its sense of place;» Community Patterns sets standards and guidelines for the public realm including street design, parking, and open space, and defines the lotting patterns for neighborhoods.» Architectural Patterns establishes the residential and commercial/mixeduse architectural styles for the community, illustrates neighborhood character, and defines the standard elements. Once a lot has been selected, the Architectural Patterns Section of the Pattern Book is designed to be used in the following six-step process. Example of General Lot Requirements 10 introduction

8 Step One: Shape and Size The basic massing of the house or building determines the general location of the programmatic and architectural elements. In the Architectural Patterns section, each architectural style chapter describes the basic massing types found in precedents for a particular style. The layout of rooms should be designed to fit within the massing types for each particular style being designed. The roof types are part of this overall massing description. Step Two: A Typical Elevation, Wall Section and Eaves Beyond massing, the overall proportion of the house is fundamental to its relationship to its particular style. A typical elevation and wall section are provided and annotated so builders know where to start with typical floor to ceiling heights, as well as the relationship of interior rooms to exterior expression. Step Three: Room Layout and Location of Windows and Doors Windows and doors relate to both the shape and the style of the house or building. It is important that all sides of houses or buildings have composed facades. The architectural style subsections describe the basic elements for each vocabulary, drawn from regional architectural precedents and in keeping with principles of sound environmental stewardship in Hampton. Typical sections and key components are provided as part of the massing illustrations for each style. Typical window and door proportions, trim details, and special windows or doors are illustrated on pages within each style subsection. Massing Diagram Typical Window Details Step Four: Porch Design Porches are important to the character of neighborhoods. The massing of the front porch is specific to each house or building type and distinct within a particular vocabulary. Step Five: Materials and Applications The last page of each style in the Architectural Patterns section includes a list of acceptable materials and a collection of elevation possibilities composed using elements described in the Pattern Book. Porch Detail introduction 11

9 regional precedents The Architecture of Hampton In order to gain a better understanding of the architecture of Pressy Otley and Pasture Point, historic neighborhoods in Hampton were studied. These neighborhoods have a variety of housing types and architectural vocabularies that can be used as precedents for new infill development in Hampton. By taking cues from the historic neighborhoods, the infill developments can maintain Hampton s traditional neighborhood qualities. One of the most distinguished neighborhoods in Hampton is the Wythe neighborhood. The rich variety of house architecture combined with a pedestrian friendly pattern of streets and a beautiful waterfront park makes this neighborhood one of the most desirable places to live in the city. The Pressy Otley site is located adjacent to Wythe and can build on the reputation of its distinguished neighbor by adopting its community and architectural patterns. The Wythe neighborhood has a wealth of fine Colonial and Arts & Crafts styles that are appropriate for the Pressy Otley site. With even a deeper history, Pasture Point is one of Hampton s oldest neighborhoods and has a large collection of fine houses from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The architectural patterns for Pasture Point include the Victorian style as well as the Colonial and Arts & Crafts styles. 12 introduction

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12 COMMUNITY PATTERNS

13 community patterns Overview Hampton neighborhoods have specific characteristics that are based on the regional architecture and block patterns. New development should be built to respect the city s traditional patterns and the architecture should reflect local precedents. Through proper rebuilding and infill, the city can begin to feel more complete as neighborhoods are stitched back together.»» Both projects, Pressy Otley and Pasture Point, are important infill development opportunities in their respective communities. Each project will reinforce existing neighborhoods with attractive new market rate housing. The two initiatives are the result of master plans that were prepared for those areas by the city: Pressy Otley: an initiative identified in the Kecoughtan Road Corridor Master Plan January 2006 Pasture Point: an initiative identified in the Downtown Hampton Master Plan January 2004 The Community Patterns section contains guidelines for creating successful neighborhoods by describing elements of the public realm down to specific requirements for placing houses and buildings on lots. The Community Patterns section contains: Neighborhood Plans Plans for the Pressy Otley and Pasture Point neighborhoods Street Design General guidelines for pedestrian-friendly streets are included for both residential and mixed-use streets. Lot Guidelines This section presents lot setbacks and show examples of how residential and mixed-use lots can be designed. Parking Strategies for parking lot, garage, and driveway placement help to ensure that these elements are properly designed for neighborhood success. 16 community patterns

14 Landscape Patterns This section offers guidance in the development of small public parks as well as private lot landscape guidelines. Pressy Otley and Pasture Point are two infi ll sites located within existing neighborhoods that will provide opportunities for future residential and mixed-use development. The lotting patterns and architecture are driven by the characteristics of the neighborhoods to which they connect. The subsequent pages describe specific elements of these two sites and outline urban design guidelines for the public realm and siting buildings. PASTURE POINT Mill Creek PRESSY OTLEY Chesapeake Bay Locator map of Pressy Otley and Pasture Point within Hampton community patterns 17

15 neighborhood plans Pressy Otley The Pressy Otley area was identified in the Kecoughtan Road Master Plan as an opportunity for infill housing on land that is currently unoccupied. A new street is proposed to connect Kecoughtan Road to Moss Avenue. A total of 71 single-family residential units will be organized along the new street. The plan features two neighborhood parks, one an entry gateway park and the other, a park with a stormwater pond integrated into the landscape. CONNECT TO MOSS AVENUE DRAINAGE POND NEIGHBORHOOD GREEN ENTRYWAY PARK 18 community patterns

16 Pasture Point The Pasture Point initiative area seeks to resolve the edge of the historic Pasture Point neighborhood with railroad property and Interstate 64. Mixed-use development is proposed on King Street and Argus Place. Residential infi ll lots are arranged on a combination of city owned land and railroad property. A multi-purpose trail is proposed to extend along the edge of the interstate from River Street Park west to King Street as part of a larger trail network. community patterns 19

17 street design Elements of Good Streets Successful neighborhoods share the common thread of creating an environment that is friendly to pedestrians while still maintaining an acceptable level of traffic for vehicles. The key to achieving this balance lies in providing key elements in the public realm:»»»»» providing continuous sidewalks of a sufficient width to facilitate walkability tree lined streets that provide shade and have an aesthetic appeal verge (landscaped edge) that buffers pedestrians from traffic on-street parking houses and buildings that front the street, maintaining eyes on the street Within Pressy Otley and Pasture Point two types of streets exist, a residential street, and a mixed-use street. Given that both sites will be comprised of frontloaded lots, on street parking will be limited. Yet streets will be tree lined, with adequate sidewalks to encourage walkability. Neighborhoods will typically have a 50-foot right-of-way to allow for two way traffic and on-street parking. 20 community patterns

18 At Pasture Point one unique condition is the commercial frontage along the cemetery. Along that edge additional planting and screening is recommended (see section below). The mixed-use frontage within Pasture Point is the other condition that requires special consideration. Sidewalks at this location may become wider in order to enhance retail opportunities (see Pasture Point section below). Typical residential street section Sidewalk Verge Street Verge Sidewalk Expanded sidewalk to support commercial activity Verge Section in Pasture Point at commercial frontage along the cemetery Street Verge Sidewalk community patterns 21

19 lot guidelines Residential Lots Residential lots have a series of setback lines that defi ne a minimum yard between houses, streets, and rear lanes.» The Buildable Area is the zone within which the house shall be placed.» The Front Yard Setback is the area between the front property line and the Buildable Area. Porches, stoops, steps, eaves, bay windows, and balconies can project into the Front Yard Setback. On corner lots, a Corner Lot Side Yard Setback is established adjacent to the cross street. It is set back from the side street a specific dimension established in the lot specifications. The main body, side wings, and garages are placed behind this setback. All Side Street facades must follow the compositional guidelines established by the architectural patterns.» The Side Yard Setback defines the minimum distance between the structure and the side yard property line.» The Rear Yard Setback defines the distance from the rear property line to the Buildable Area. Property Line Side Yard Setback Line Rear Yard Setback Line Buildable Area Corner Lot Side Yard Setback Line Front Yard Setback Line Front Yard 22 community patterns

20 Rear Property Line Rear Yard Setback Line Side Yard Setback Line Buildable Area Front Yard Setback Line Front Property Line Blocks in Hampton neighborhoods are comprised of lots that are frontloaded, or rear-loaded and accessed by an alley. Based on the characteristics of a site and the adjacent neighborhoods, a determination should be made on the appropriate lot type to use. Within Pressy Otley and Pasture point all lots will be front loaded as described below. Providing the shallower setback recommended below will encourage walkability and promote a greater sense of security by maintaining eyes on the street. It will also allow for larger footprints, and larger back yards, providing for a higher quality of private space. These lots fall under the R-4 District of the City of Hampton s Zoning Ordinance which allows lots to be developed in a manner more compatible with Hampton s older traditional neighborhoods. Lot Size» Lot Width: typically 60 feet» Lot Depth: typically 100 feet» Corner Lots: typically 10 feet wider to accommodate side street setback Minimum House Setbacks*» Front Yard: minimum 15 feet» Side Yard: minimum 5 feet» Corner Lot Side Yard: minimum 15 feet» Rear Yard: 5 feet setback from the rear property line for detached garages and minimum 15 feet from any habitable structure Garage Requirements» Garages may be either detached or attached.» Driveways shall be no wider than 10 feet.» Garages must be recessed a minimum of 5 feet behind the front facade of the house.» Garages must be recessed a minimum of 5 feet from the rear and property line. Fencing and Landscape Recommendations» Front yard fencing maximum height: 4 feet» Side street fencing maximum height: 6 feet» Side and rear yard fencing maximum height: 8 feet» Trash receptacles must be hidden inside garages, behind a privacy fence or in an enclosure.» Screening must exceed the height of the trash receptacle by a minimum of 12 inches.» In addition, fencing must comply with the City s fence and wall regulations** *PER CHAPTER 7.1 OF THE ZONING ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF HAMPTON, VA, ENTITLED R-4 DISTRICT, ONE FAMILY RESIDENCE DISTRICT) **ZONING ORDINANCE CHAPTER 18-9) community patterns 23

21 lot guidelines Pasture Point Mixed-Use Lots For mixed-use buildings in Hampton neighborhoods, particular attention must be paid to the character of the building as it relates to the adjacent residences, and the relationship of the building to the street. The design of storefronts is critical to the success of the pedestrian realm and will impact the sense of security and safety in a neighborhood. Ground floor retail or office can also be supported by either residential or office uses on the upper floors. For this building type the following elements should be considered:»»»»» architecture and form of the building should respect the character of the immediate context scale of the buildings should complement the neighborhood building shall front the street with primary entrance and windows facing the street parking and servicing shall be located behind the building and accessed by a narrow driveway sidewalk to have adequate width to support retail, and encourage outdoor dining (min. 12 feet recommended) Examples of mixed-use buildings, including a precedent from the Phoebus neighborhood (left), and single-story commercial from Old Hampton neighborhood (above) 24 community patterns

22 Neighborhood commercial falls into two primary building types:» Type 1: A free standing building on an individual building pad» Type 2: An infill building along an existing main street Buildings may be either single or multi-story with a mix of uses on upper floors. Buildings shall respect the guidelines set in the Architecture Section and the siting guidelines described below: Parking Requirements» Parking and servicing shall be accessed from the rear when possible.» Driveways shall be no wider than 10 feet for one-way traffic, and 20 feet for two-way.» Low walls, decorative planting, and landscaping is encouraged to screen parking, service areas, and trash receptacles. Parking Building Zone Typical block pattern with surface parking placed in the rear of the lot Buildings may be 2- to 3-stories, with office or retail on the ground floor. Office/ Residential Retail or Office Sidewalks»»» Restaurants and shops are encouraged to maximize the use of exterior space as an extension of interior activity. The use of outdoor plantings, planting boxes, and flower boxes is recommended in the sidewalk setback areas. Awnings, canvas umbrellas, and heat lamps can be used to extend the seasonal use of sidewalk areas. 10 feet of walk 10 feet of outdoor dining area Lighting Awnings Signage Planters Cafe Seating community patterns 25

23 parking Parking Strategies Parking is an important component to successful design. The goal should be to provide sufficient parking for both residential and commercial uses in one of the following ways: on-street parking, garages accessed from a rear alley or by a narrow drive from the street, and rear parking lots (for commercial uses only). By providing parking in the rear of the lot, buildings can sit closer to the street and closer together to create a continuous street wall. An alternate form is the front-loaded lot, where parking is accessed from the street. Driveways shall remain narrow and be treated as a landscape element in order to maintain the street wall. For small or irregularly shaped infill sites, such as Pressy Otley, front loaded residential lots or street-based parking lots will be necessary. Example of a front drive that accesses a rear garage through a covered carport Typical section through a residential lot: house is setback from the sidewalk and parking is located in the rear of the lot. 26 community patterns

24 Garages Garage Placement The principal concerns with garages are the size, location, door detailing, scale, and character. For houses on corner lots, the garage should be located in the rear yard facing the side street and set back to match the house setback. It is preferable to locate the garage so that the parking area in front of the garage is at least 18 feet inboard of the side street property line to prevent parked cars from encroaching onto the public sidewalk. Corner lots are also good places for two-car carriage houses or accessory buildings incorporating small apartments above, where permitted. Singlewidth garage doors up to 8 feet wide Interior lot: garage placement for front-loaded lot are recommended. Paneled door styles appropriate to the style of the house should be used. For interior lots, access to a detached garage is typically from a narrow driveway, usually 8 to 10 feet wide, that slips along one side of the house or from a rear alley. It is recommended that the garage be placed in the rear of the lot to provide turnaround space between the house and the garage. Front-loaded attached garages are acceptable but extra care should be placed on the design to make the house the primary focus of the facade. Garage Size Garages can be one or two-car as long as lot coverage does not exceed the zoning requirements. Recommended garage depth is 22 feet to 24 feet. Materials Garage materials and colors should match those of the house. Garage doors are preferably carriage-style or have the appearance to operate as such. Driveways Driveways should be seen as landscape elements within the yard that enhance the beauty and setting of the house and garage (if present). As such, driveways should not be dominant elements on house lots. Whenever possible, porous, natural materials or special materials (stone, brick, crushed stone), should be used to blend in driveways with the surrounding yard or garden space. In particular, using large expanses of concrete as a driveway material tends to detract from the character of the house. If cement is used, it should only be poured for the tire tracks, or for a single driveway that slips past the house as unnoticeable as possible. Corner lot: garage placement with access from a side street Garage with carriage style doors Example of landscaped driveway leading to a rear garage community patterns 27

25 landscaping Open Space The careful design and maintenance of public open space and lot landscaping is a key design element to creating beautiful neighborhoods. Both public open space and landscaping on individual lots shall adhere to the following key principles:»»»» Open Space should enhance a neighborhood aesthetically, functionally, and socially Parks should be centrally located for easy access by foot, which naturally makes them an inviting and social place Trails or greenways should be interwoven into neighborhoods in order to complete and connect to existing systems. Parks should be defined as either active (playgrounds, ball fields) or passive (gardens, community farm plots) Landscape planting should be appropriate to the climate and design should contribute to three important sustainability goals: a. reduce water runoff by using permeable paving surfaces and creating natu- ral catchment areas or rain gardens b. plant native and drought tolerant species c. plant shade trees to reduce heat island effect Houses fronting onto park space Ornamental planting Plaza or water feature Potential tot lot Lawn areas Shaded seating areas Walking paths 28 community patterns

26 General Lot Landscaping Neighborhoods along the Chesapeake Bay have an excellent mix of trees, hedges, perennials, ornamental grasses, ground covers, sand, and paving materials that give each of the communities a distinct character. This page provides ideas for the primary landscaping elements that constitute the front yard. Creating a unique and beautiful environment in which the house interfaces with the street is one of the most defining characteristics of a neighborhood, and should be rooted in the informal and authentic manner of Hampton. A range of key elements for front yard landscaping are canopy and ornamental trees, foundation plantings, beds of flowering perennials and annuals, groundcover, expanses of grass lawns, and hardscape materials such as sidewalks, steps, low walls, fences, and driveways. Being a coastal community located at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, plants should be tolerant of saline soils, salt spray and high wind conditions. A variety of materials can be used for paving such as typical concrete, brick, stone, or terra-cotta tile to create special places of interest within the front yard of a property. Even crushed stone and gravel may be appropriate. Fences can be used to provide definition between the public and private realm. Front yard fencing should be no higher than 48 inches with no privacy fences in the front of the house (must comply with City s fence and wall regulations: Zoning Ordinance section 18-9). Decorative fences of wood or wrought iron are recommended. Air conditioning, mechanical equipment, and any trash enclosures should be screened from public view with a combination of shrubs, hedges, walls, or fences. (Above) Foundation plantings should be incorporated to ground buildings to the front yard. High quality foundation plantings can be accomplished in innumerable ways through the use of a variety of plant types such as well manicured evergreens, bright flowering bushes, or low ground cover. Street Verge Sidewalk Front Yard Foundation Planting community patterns 29

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28 ARCHITECTURAL PATTERNS

29 overview Introduction PERMITTED ARCHITECTURAL STYLES Pressy Otley» Hampton Colonial» Hampton Arts & Crafts Pasture Point» Hampton Colonial» Hampton Arts & Crafts» Hampton Victorian» Hampton Commercial The Architectural Patterns section illustrates the essential elements of buildings in Hampton. The primary goal is to produce contextual architecture that complements and enhance existing neighborhoods. The three identified styles for Hampton are Colonial, Arts & Crafts, and Victorian. Each style has its own characteristic details. This section of the Pattern Book describes these differences, presenting the essential components in a logical way. Following the three residential styles, the Mixed-use Buildings section addresses the architectural language and variations for neighborhood commercial buildings. Each style description contains the following information:» Essential Elements provides a brief history and description of the style and a gallery of examples.» Massing and Composition identifies the most common massing types and illustrates typical window and door compositions.» Eave Details and Wall Section presents the typical profile of exterior walls and eaves.» Porches identifies typical details and techniques for porches.» Doors and Windows provides common examples of window and door types and sizes.» Possibilities and Materials illustrates possible elevations and permissible material palettes for each component of the house.» Color Palette provides a range of appropriate color options. 32 architectural patterns

30 6" 3'-4" 3'-0" 8" dia. 10" 12" dia. 6" 2" sq. 3" 3'-0" 4" 3'-0" 3'-0" 8" 6" 3'-0" 6" 24' 28' 3'-4" 3'-4" 6" 3'-0" 6" 32' 36' 4" 1'-8" 6" 2'-0" 6" 1'-8" 4" 3 1/2" min. 3'-0" 1'-6" 4'-0" 1'-6" hampton colonial History and Character Essential Elements» Moderatly pitched, front facing gable or hipped roofs» Tight overhangs with crown molding» Clapboard or cut shingle siding» Broad proportions for windows and doors The Hampton Colonial is based upon late 19th century and early 20th century interpretations of the original Colonial styles found throughout settlements on the eastern seaboard. This period of the architectural interpretation became the most popular style in America and is still evolving today. The Hampton Colonial style also takes on the form of traditional colonial houses adapted for a coastal environment. Originally local cedar forests provided good exterior cladding materials for coastal houses. The shingles could withstand salt waterladen winds and the harsh sun of the Chesapeake Bay region. The houses are composed of simple forms with well-proportioned windows and door surrounds. Hampton Colonial houses are often symetrically composed, framed with square or round columns, wide corner boards, pilaster expressions, and robust door and window trim. 32 architectural patterns architectural patterns 33 Example of Massing and Composition patterns hampton colonial Windows and Doors WINDOWS DOORS Windows Doors Windows have broader proportions Doors typically have six or eight than many other architectural styles. panels, while surrounds frequently Window muntin patterns are typically 6 over 1 or 6 over 6 on both Doors are typically 6 feet 8 inches incorporate sidelights and transoms. floors; window panes are more vertical in proportion than square. Stan- tall and 3 feet wide. dard windows are double hung and Trim occur most frequently as singles Windows and doors feature a 6-inch wide flat trim with or without a cap Special Windows molding. The trim often features a Special windows include angled backband. bay windows, triple windows, and dormers with a pediment or hip. Shutters Bay windows should extend to the Louvered or paneled shutters are ground whenever possible, otherwise, bay windows supported on they must be sized and mounted as if encouraged. If shutters are installed, heavy brackets are acceptable. Small operable to cover the corresponding square, rectangular, or fan light window or door. If shutters are used windows are often used as accents on paired windows, the shutters must in gable ends or on the second floor also be paired to reflect the window above the entrance. size. 5'-6" Standard Second Floor 5'-10" 5'-10" 6'-2" 5'-10" 6" 6" 8" 10" 1'-10" Special Window 8'-0" 8'-0" 6'-8" 1'-0" 1'-0" Standard First Floor 1'-6" 8" 1'-0" 1'-0" Simple Common Ornate Accent Windows Bay Window 38 architectural patterns architectural patterns 39 Example of Door and Window patterns hampton colonial Porches Materials and Applications Porch Roofs & Eaves Porch Location & Massing Porches are one story tall with either Full front porches are encouraged a shed or shallow hipped roof. Shed on Hampton Colonial houses with or hip porches typically have a 3-in- massing type A. Minimum porch 12 to 4-in-12 pitch. depth is 8 feet. For wood deck porches, the gaps between brick Columns & Railings piers are filled in with lattice panels. Solid porches should be faced Columns include 10- and 12-inch round Doric columns and 8- to in brick. 10-inch square full-height tapered box columns. Balusters should be turned or square, and spaced no more than 4 inches on center. COLUMN TYPES RAIL DETAIL 3/4" 2" Cladding: Cladding materials should Soffits: Smooth surface composition balusters; Decorative metal allowed be consistent on all facades except board, plaster, tongue-and-groove on exposed porch steps. for special design elements such as wood, fiber-cement panels, or polymer historic reproductions. wood tongue and groove, or com- Porch Flooring and Steps: Brick, gables, dormers, etc. Smooth, horizontal bevel or lap Gutters and Downspouts: Halfround or ogee profile gutters with Porch Ceilings: Smooth surface composite boards tongue and groove. siding, 4 to 8 inches wide, with 5/4 by 6 inch dimensional corner round or rectangular downspouts in posite board, plaster, T&G wood, or boards; cut wood cedar shingles, copper, painted or prefinished metal. beaded-profile plywood. miter cut corners or with 5/4 by 6 PVC is also acceptable in a color inch dimensional corner boards; Fences and Garden Walls: Wood that matches trim. vinyl siding is discouraged. picket, brick, stucco on block, or Windows: Double-hung; energyefficient wood, vinyl (solid or clad), combination. Trim: Stone, or cast stone; wood, fiber cement board, composite, or Lighting: Porch pendant or wallmounted carriage lantern. aluminum-clad with minimum polymer millwork for built-up sections. Historic reproductions of muntins. 3/4 inch wide projecting exterior polymer are also permitted. Doors: Painted or stained wood or Foundations, Piers and Chimneys: aesthetic equivalent. Brick on all sides. Shutters: Historic wood, polymer, Roofing: Metal, narrow standing light weight cement or fiberglass seam of 5-V panels (painted); Wood reproductions mounted as if operable and sized to match window. shingles/ shakes; Dimensioned architectural grade asphalt or fiberglass Columns: Historic reproductions of shingles; Slate/synthetic slate. Roof wood, polymer, or fiberglass with penetrations and flat skylights may be classical entasis and proportions. placed on a roof not facing a public thoroughfare with houses, maximum Railings: Wood milled top and bottom rails with straight or of two skylights per roof plane. turned Paired Doric or Tuscan Single Doric or Tuscan 40 architectural patterns architectural patterns 41 Example of Porch patterns architectural patterns 33

31 hampton colonial History and Character Essential Elements» Moderately pitched, front facing gable or hipped roofs» Tight overhangs with crown molding» Clapboard or cut shingle siding» Broad proportions for windows and doors The Hampton Colonial is based upon late 19th century and early 20th century interpretations of the original Colonial styles found throughout settlements on the eastern seaboard. This period of the architectural interpretation became the most popular style in America and is still evolving today. The Hampton Colonial style also takes on the form of traditional colonial houses adapted for a coastal environment. Originally, local cedar forests provided good exterior cladding materials for coastal houses. The siding and shingles could withstand salt water-laden winds and the harsh sun of the Chesapeake Bay region. The houses are composed of simple forms with well-proportioned windows and door surrounds. Hampton Colonial houses are often symmetrically composed, framed with square or round columns, wide corner boards, pilaster expressions, and robust door and window trim. 34 architectural patterns

32 architectural patterns 35

33 hampton colonial Massing and Composition Illustrative Massing Combinations Massing A Front Gable Front-gabled rectangular volume. Stoops and hipped front porches are common. Porches are most often one-story. Integral two-story porches are reserved for front-gabled houses no greater than 30 feet wide. B Side Gable Side-gabled rectangular volume. Both stoops and porches are common. Porches usually occupy most of the length of the front facade. Hipped roofs prevail on this massing type. Individual gable windows are encouraged for the upper half story. C L-Shape L-shape volume with a front facing gable roof intersecting either a gable or a cross-gable at the rear. Both stoops and porches are common. Porches may fill the space between the wings of the L. Hipped or shed roofs prevail on front porches. D Gambrel Rectangular, L or T-shape volume with a gambrel roof containing a second or third story. Gambrel roofs have two roof pitches, steeper at the eave, and shallower above the pitch break. Porches or bracketed porticos centered on the front facade are typical. Individual dormer windows as well as windows sharing a longer dormer wall are encouraged. Combinations Larger living spaces may be created by adding side wings to the Main Body. Gabled or shed dormers may be added to introduce light into half-story and attic spaces. The architectural character of elements such as side wings, rear wings, and accessory/ancillary structures should be consistent with the architectural character of the Main Body. Multifamily buildings should appear as two houses glued together that follow one of the four massing types. Facade Composition Colonial facade composition is characterized by a symmetrical and balanced placement of doors and windows. Though single window openings are most common, standard windows can be grouped for emphasis. The differing placement of entrance doors on narrow and wide front houses responds to traditional floor plans. Entrance doors are located near the corner in narrow houses and at the center in wide houses. 36 architectural patterns

34 MASSING DIAGRAMS A Front Gable B Side Gable C L-Shape D Gambrel 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 3/5 2/5 20' 24' 18' 24' 20' 24' 35' 42' 1/3 1/3 1/3 2/5 1/5 2/5 1/2 1/2 1/3 1/3 1/3 22' 28' 38' 45' 20' 28' 28' 38' architectural patterns 37

35 hampton colonial Eave Details and Wall Section Roof The roof pitch on most Hampton Colonial houses varies from 7 in 10 to 10 in 12. Slate, shingles, and metal are appropriate roofing materials. Eaves The Hampton Colonial house has one of three eave profiles: A Boxed eave, with a 12- to 18-inch soffit depth; shallow soffit on the rake, the classic Colonial eave detail. B Deep boxed eave with heavy brackets, frequently used with hipped roofs, presents a robust image. C Boxed eave modified for gambrel roofs. Eave profiles have an 8- to 12-inch frieze board above the window head trim. This frieze board may either touch the window head trim directly, or rest up to 8 inches above. Wall One-story houses have a recommended floor to ceiling height of 9 feet. Two-story houses have a recommended floor-to-ceiling height of 9 feet on the first floor, and 8 feet on the second floor. Standard window head heights are 8 feet on the first floor, and 7 feet on the second floor. On clapboard houses, corner boards should be minimum nominal 5/4 by 6 inches. There is frequently a frieze board above the windows. Base The first floor of the Hampton Colonial house is set at 3 feet above finished grade. Clapboard houses should have an 8-inch high skirt board. When foundation vents are used, they should be centered under windows where possible. EAVES " 8" 10" 8" 8" 12" 18" 1'-6" 2'-0" 1'-0" 1'-6" A Boxed Eave and Return B Bracketed Boxed Eave and Return C Gambrel Eave and Return 38 architectural patterns

36 PARTIAL ELEVATION AND WALL SECTION Soffit Roof Eave Window Head Trim Window Sill Wall 7' 7'-6" 7' 8' 9' 10' 8' 9' Skirt Board Base Fill 8'-0" Min. 4'-0" 3'-0" Max. Max. architectural patterns 39

37 hampton colonial Windows and Doors DOORS Windows Windows have broader proportions than many other architectural styles. Window muntin patterns are typically 6 over 1 or 6 over 6 on both floors; window panes are more vertical in proportion than square. Standard windows are double-hung and occur most frequently as singles Special Windows Special windows include angled bay windows, triple windows, and dormers with a pediment or hip. Bay windows should extend to the ground whenever possible, otherwise, bay windows supported on heavy brackets are acceptable. Small square, rectangular, or fan light windows are often used as accents in gable ends or on the second floor above the entrance. Doors Doors typically have six or eight panels, while surrounds frequently incorporate sidelights and transoms. Doors are typically 6 feet 8 inches tall and 3 feet wide. Trim Windows and doors feature a 6-inch wide flat trim with or without a cap molding. The trim often features a backband. Shutters Louvered or paneled shutters are encouraged. If shutters are installed, they must be sized and mounted as if operable to cover the corresponding window or door. If shutters are used on paired windows, the shutters must also be paired to reflect the window size. 8'-0" 6" 8'-0" 6'-8" 6" 1'-0" 1'-0" 3'-4" 3'-0" 3'-0" Simple Common Ornate 40 architectural patterns

38 WINDOWS 1'-6" 8" 5'-6" 3'-0" 5'-10" 5'-10" 6" 6" 1'-10" 5'-10" 8" 10" 4" 1'-8" 6" 2'-0" 6" 1'-8" 4" 3'-4" Standard Second Floor Special Window 6'-2" 3'-0" 3'-4" Standard First Floor 3 1/2" min. 1'-0" 3'-0" 1'-0" 8" 6" 3'-0" 6" 6" 3'-0" 6" 1'-6" 4'-0" 1'-6" Accent Windows Bay Window architectural patterns 41

39 hampton colonial Porches Porch Roofs & Eaves Porches are one story tall with either a shed or shallow hipped roof. Shed or hip porches typically have a 3 in 12 to 4 in 12 pitch. Columns & Railings Columns include 10- and 12-inch round Doric columns and 8- to 10-inch square full-height tapered box columns. Balusters should be turned or square, and spaced no more than 4 inches on center. Porch Location & Massing Full front porches are encouraged on Hampton Colonial houses with massing type A. Minimum porch depth is 8 feet. For wood deck porches, the gaps between brick piers are filled in with lattice panels. Solid porches should be faced in brick. COLUMN TYPES RAIL DETAIL 3/4" 2" 8" dia. 10" 12" dia. 2" sq. 3" 4" Paired Doric or Tuscan Single Doric or Tuscan 42 architectural patterns

40 Materials and Applications Cladding: Cladding materials should be consistent on all facades except for special design elements such as gables and dormers. Smooth, horizontal bevel or lap wood or fiber cement siding, 4 to 8 inches wide, with 5/4 by 6-inch dimensional corner boards; cut wood cedar shingles, miter cut corners or with 5/4 by 6-inch dimensional corner boards; and brick. Vinyl siding is discouraged. Trim: Stone, or cast stone; wood, fiber cement board, composite, or polymer millwork for built-up sections. Historic reproductions of polymer are also permitted. Foundations, Piers and Chimneys: Brick on all sides. Roofing: Metal, narrow standing seam of 5-V panels (painted); Wood shingles/ shakes; dimensioned architectural grade asphalt or fiberglass shingles; slate/synthetic slate. Roof penetrations and flat skylights may be placed on a roof not facing a public thoroughfare with houses, maximum of two skylights per roof plane. Soffits: Smooth surface composition board, plaster, tongue-and-groove wood, fiber-cement panels, or polymer historic reproductions. Gutters and Downspouts: Halfround or ogee profile gutters with round or rectangular downspouts in copper, painted or prefinished metal. PVC is also acceptable in a color that matches trim. Windows: Double-hung; energyefficient wood, vinyl (solid or clad), or aluminum-clad with minimum 3/4-inch wide projecting exterior muntins. Doors: Painted or stained wood or aesthetic equivalent, and metal. Shutters: Historic wood, polymer, light weight cement or fiberglass reproductions mounted as if operable and sized to match window. Columns: Historic reproductions of wood, polymer, or fiberglass with classical entasis and proportions. Railings: Wood milled top and bottom rails with straight or turned balusters; decorative metal allowed on exposed porch steps. Polymers are acceptable if maintained properly. Porch Flooring and Steps: Brick, wood tongue and groove, or composite boards tongue and groove. Porch Ceilings: Smooth surface composite board, plaster, tongue and groove wood, or beaded-profile plywood. Fences and Garden Walls: Wood or metal picket, brick, stucco on block, or combination. 24' 28' 28' 32' 32' 36' architectural patterns 43

41 hampton arts & crafts History and Character Essential Elements» Shallow-pitched roofs with deep overhangs» Deep, broad porch elements with expressive structural components» A mixture of materials such as brick, shingles, and siding» Grouped windows Hampton Arts & Crafts houses are based on the popular beach cottages derived from the traditions of bungalow design in the 1920s and 1930s. An eclectic mix of architectural elements and a response to coastal environments drive the composition of Hampton Arts & Crafts creating comfortable and unique homes. Lighter in color and less ornamented than high style Arts& Crafts, this coastal style flourished in the early 20th century as both quaint beach cottages and large houses. Builders used both Pattern Books and massmarketed house plans to attract a broad range of home buyers. The Hampton Arts & Crafts is characterized by broad open porches, low sloping roofs with deep overhangs, multiple gables, asymmetric compositions, oversized fi rst-floor windows, expressive trim, exposed rafters, and bracketed porches. 44 architectural patterns

42 architectural patterns 45

43 hampton arts & crafts Massing and Composition Massing A Front Gable Rectangular volume with a 6 in 12 to 8 in 12 roof pitch and gable facing the street. Symmetrically or asymmetrically placed front and/or shed roofed porches are common and either one- or two-story. An inset, one-story porch may also run the full width of the house. B Side Gable with Integral Porch Rectangular one-and-one half story volume with a 6 in 12 to 8 in 12 roof pitch. The integral porch is set under occupiable interior space, made possible by a dormer and high knee wall on the second floor. Integral front porch ranges from half to the full length of the front facade. Symmetrically placed gabled or shed dormers have a 3 in 12 roof pitch. C Hipped Rectangular or square volume with a 6 in 12 to 8 in 12 roof pitch; the ridge line, if not pyramidal, runs parallel with the front of the house. Front gabled and shed roofed porches with a 3 in 12 to 5 in 12 pitch are placed both symmetrically and asymmetrically on the front facade or as full-facade elements. Porches are one story and may wrap one or both corners. D Front Gable L Cross-gabled volume with 6 in 12 to 8 in 12 gable facing the street is typically two-fifths, or less commonly half that of the main body. Often an in-line front gabled porch or wing is added to the front leg of the L. Shed porches may also fill the space between the wings of the L. Combinations Complex forms and larger living spaces may be created by combining side and/or rear wings with the Main Body. Gabled or shed dormers may be added to introduce light into half-story and attic spaces. The architectural character of elements such as side wings, rear wings, and accessory/ancillary structures should be consistent with the architectural character of the Main Body. Multifamily buildings should appear as two houses glued together that follow one of the four massing types. Facade Composition Arts & Crafts facade composition is characterized by an asymmetrical but balanced placement of doors and windows. Single window openings and grouped windows are equally common. The differing placement of entrance doors on narrow and wide front houses responds to traditional floor plans. Entrance doors are located near the corner in narrow houses and at the center in wide houses. Illustrative Massing Combinations 46 architectural patterns

44 MASSING DIAGRAMS A Front Gable B Side Gable with Integral Porch C Hipped D Gable L 1/2 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/2 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 20' 24' 24' 32' 22' 30' 36' 42' 2/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 2/5 1/5 2/5 2/5 3/5 20' 24' 36' 42' 24' 32' 36' 48' architectural patterns 47

45 hampton arts & crafts Eave Details and Wall Section Roof The roof pitch on Hampton Arts & Crafts houses varies from 6 in 12 to 8 in 12. Eaves Deep eaves are a dominant characteristic of the Hampton Arts & Crafts style. There are two types of eaves in the style: A Boxed eave with flat soffit, and shallow profile brackets 6 inches wide and 24 inches on center. B Exposed 2- by 6-inch (or greater) shaped rafter tail 16 to 24 inches on center (the most common eave); often hipped, gables feature a vergeboard. Eave profiles have an 8- to 12-inch frieze board either touching/co-planar with, or no more than 8 inches above the window head trim. The Hampton Arts & Crafts house may have a Victorian-era character, achieved by using Classical order columns on the porch and broad, flat, boxed eave with shallow brackets on the house and porch. Wall For one-story houses, the recommended floor-to-ceiling height is 9 feet. For two-story houses, the recommended floor-to-ceiling height is 9 feet for the first floor and 8 feet for the second floor. Window head heights should be 7 feet to 8 feet above the floor for first-floor windows and 7 feet for second-floor windows. Base The first floor of the Hampton Arts & Crafts house is typically set three feet above the finished grade. Hampton Arts & Crafts houses have 8- to 10-inch wide skirt boards. Foundation vents are centered under windows when used. EAVES 6" 12" 16" Approx. 18" 24" Approx. 18" 24" A Rake with Bracket B Open Rafter Eave 48 architectural patterns

46 PARTIAL ELEVATION AND WALL SECTION Soffit Roof Window Head Trim Eave Corner Board Window Sill Wall 7' 7'-6" 7' 8' 9' 10' 8' 9' Skirt Board Base Fill 8'-0" Min. 4'-0" 3'-0" Max. Max. architectural patterns 49

47 hampton arts & crafts Windows and Doors Standard Windows Windows are vertical in proportion with square sash and may be single, paired, or grouped. Special windows are a hallmark of this style. Window pane patterns include 3 over 1, 6 over 1, and 9 over 1. Standard Doors Arts & Crafts doors should be wood with either wood plank design or a panel door with integrated transoms. Fiberglass doors are also permitted. Doors may have divided pane patterns in square proportions or single large glass panels. Transoms in Arts & Crafts patterns are common. Special Windows Special windows include picture windows, box bay windows, French casements, and small, square, and rectangular accent windows. Picture windows are typically paired with sidelights and transoms with special pane patterns. Trim Trim is typically a straight board, 5½ inches wide. A 1½-inch square cap is sometimes applied above the head trim. Window hoods (6 to 8 inches deep) can also be applied for added sun and rain protection. DOORS 8'-0" 8" 6'-8" 5" 1'-5" 7" 7'-0" 2'-6" 3'-4" 3'-0" 5½" 1'-6" 3'-0" Simple Common Ornate 50 architectural patterns

48 WINDOWS 5'-2" 6'-2" 6" 3'-0" 6" 6" 3'-0" 6" 5'-10" 6" 2'-2" 10" Special window Standard Second Floor 6'-2" 12" 10" 5" 5'-10" 8" 6" 3'-0" 6" 6" 3'-0" Standard First Floor 6" 6" Box Bay Window 2'-8" 2'-2" 2'-6" Accent window Dormer window architectural patterns 51

49 hampton arts & crafts Porches Porch Roofs and Eaves Porches can be either gable-end porches, shed porches, or combinations of the two forms. Typically the porches have deep eaves often repeating the same rafter treatment as the main roof. Gable-end porches are designed to express the structural elements. Columns and Railings Column types include 8- to 10-inch square single posts; 8- to 10-inch square double posts; tapered box columns; and double or single posts on solid rails or piers. Columns are 8 to 9 feet tall. Railing members are robust in size. Balusters are either square posts or boards shaped in a decorative pattern. Porch Location and Massing In this style, porches and porch locations vary considerably and are used to create a number of spatial effects, both inset and additive. Lattice can be used to conceal crawl spaces. COLUMN TYPES RAIL DETAILS 5¼" 10" 12" sq. 8" 10" sq. 12" sq. 3" 1" 1¾" 2" sq. Square Box Single Post Tapered Box on a brick pier 2½" 52 architectural patterns

50 Materials and Applications Cladding: Cladding materials should be consistent on all facades except for special design elements such as gables and dormers. Smooth, horizontal bevel or Dutch lap wood or fiber-cement siding, 3 to 8 inches wide; sawn wood or fiber-cement shingles; vertical board-and batten siding in wood or fiber-cement with 5/4-inch wood or cellular PVC battens; horizontal reverse board-and-batten wood or fiber-cement siding; lattice over smooth-finish fiber-cement panels; and brick. Trim: 5/4-inch wood, composite, or cellular PVC running trim, 5 to 10 inches wide. Foundations, Piers, and Chimneys: Brick on all sides; stucco, brick, or stone veneer on all sides. Roofing: Metal, narrow standing seam or 5-V crimp panels; wood shakes; slate or manufactured slate products; or approved composition shingles. Soffits: Open eaves with tongue and groove wood boards, V-groove or beaded wood or composite sheathing, and 2-inch or 3-inch wide rafter tails. Gutters and Downspouts: Halfround gutters with round downspouts in primed or prefinished metal, copper, or zinc. Windows: Wood or cellular PVC with traditional wood window profile, or aluminum-clad wood (only with approved trim detail); true divided light or simulated divided light sashes with traditional exterior muntin profiles (7/8-inch wide). Doors: Painted or stained wood, fiberglass, or metal. Shutters: Wood or composite, sized to match opening and mounted with appropriate hardware, preferably operable. Columns: Wood, fiberglass, or composite material. Railings: Square 2-inch or 3-inch wood balusters; 5/4-inch boards in decorative sawn patterns; or solid rails clad in sawn shingles, siding, stucco, or brick. Polymers are acceptable if maintained properly. Brackets: Wood, 4-inch or 6-inch stock. Porch Flooring and Steps: Brick, stone, or terra cotta tile with brick, tongue and groove wood or composite boards. Porch Ceilings: Plaster, beaded or V-groove plywood or composite panels; beaded-profile tongue and groove, panelled wood boards or exposed rafters. Fences and Garden Walls: Wood picket, black metal, brick, or combination. FACADE POSSIBILITIES 22' 28' 22' 30' 24' 32' architectural patterns 53

51 hampton victorian History and Character Essential Elements» Steeply pitched, front facing gable roofs» Cut wood ornamentation» Clapboard or cut shingle siding» Vertical proportions for windows and doors» Octagonal and box bays The Hampton Victorian style is loosely based on a variety of Victorian houses in the region including the Gothic Victorian cottages abundant in early railserved coastal resorts, Italianate Victorian houses that were built during the mid-nineteenth century, and the more rural tradition of folk based Victorian farm houses found in the region. The Hampton Victorian style is uncomplicated and elegant, largely focused on proportion and porches. The massing forms are typically simple and have ornamentation mainly on the eaves and in the porch detailing. Window proportions are typically vertical and the roof forms are steeply pitched. 54 architectural patterns

52 architectural patterns 55

53 hampton victorian Massing and Composition Massing A Front Gable Front-gabled rectangular volume with a roof pitch ranging from 8 in 12 to 12 in 12 for the Main Body. One-story shed or hipped front porches from one-third to the full width of the main body are common. B Side Gable Side-gabled rectangular volume, often with a steeply-pitched, gabled dormer flush to the front facade. Roof pitch is typically 8 in 12 to 12 in 12, and one- or two-story front porches typically extend across the full front of the house. C Gable L Square volume with gabled roof from which a front-facing gabled wing extends. Roof pitches range from 8 in 12 to 12 in 12. Front porch extends the full length of the front facade, and wraps the front facade projection. D L-Shape Cross-gabled volume with an 8 in 12 to 10 in 12 gable facing the street. The width of the gable facing the street is typically two-fifths that of the main body. This massing typically accommodates a one- or twostory continuous porch with a shed or hipped roof which ties into the side of the projecting wing. Combinations Complex forms and larger living spaces may be created by combining side wings and/or rear wings with the Main Body. Gabled or arched dormers may be added to introduce light into half-story and attic spaces. The architectural character of elements such as side wings, rear wings, and accessory/ancillary structures should be consistent with the architectural character of the Main Body. Multi-family buildings should appear as two houses glued together that follow one of the four massing types. Facade Composition Victorian facade composition is characterized by a symmetrical and balanced placement of doors and windows. Narrow, individual double-hung windows are the most common type. Front doors are generally located in the corner of narrow houses and at the center of wide houses. Paired or bay windows are often used in the forward gable of the gable L massing types. Bay windows may be one or two stories tall. Illustrative Massing Combinations 56 architectural patterns

54 MASSING DIAGRAMS A Front Gable B Side Gable C Gable L D L-Shape 1/2 1/2 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 2/3 2/5 3/5 20' 24' 20' 24' 22' 28' 22' 28' 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 3/5 2/5 1/2 1/2 24' 30' 28' 34' 24' 32' 32' 42' architectural patterns 57

55 hampton victorian Eave Details and Wall Section Roof The roof pitch on most Hampton Victorian houses varies from 8 in 12 to 14 in 12. Slate, shingles, and metal are appropriate roofing materials. Eaves Two eave types define the Hampton Victorian, one more formal than the other. A Boxed eave, with frieze, the more formal option; with or without brackets which are either horizontal or vertical in proportion. B Boxed eave with sloped soffit, often hipped; at gables, the rake features an overhang with simple vergeboard. Eave profiles have a 12- to 16-inch frieze board either touching/coplanar with, or at least 8 inches above the window head trim. Eave returns should have metal flashing back to the wall at a maximum slope of 2 in 12. Wall For one-story buildings, the recommended floor to ceiling height is 9 feet. For buildings greater than one story, the recommended floor-toceiling height is 9 feet for the first floor and 8 feet for the second floor. Windows head heights should be 8 feet for the first floor and 7 feet for the second floor. Corner boards should be no less than nominal 5/4 by 6 inches. Base The first floor of the Hampton Victorian house is set three feet above the finished grade. Hampton Victorian houses occasionally have an 8-inch skirt board. When foundation vents are used, they should be centered under windows where possible. EAVES " 16" 6" 1'-6" 1'-0" A Boxed Eave with Frieze B Boxed Eave with Sloped Soffit 58 architectural patterns

56 PARTIAL ELEVATION AND WALL SECTION Roof Soffit Window Head Trim Eave Corner Board Window Sill Wall 7' 7'-6" 7' 8' 9' 10' 8' 9' Skirt Board Base Fill 8'-0" Min. 4'-0" 3'-0" Max. Max. architectural patterns 59

57 hampton victorian Windows and Doors Windows Windows are typically vertical in proportion and have a 2 over 2 muntin pattern. Panes are always taller than they are wide. Some houses may have windows with rounded upper sashes. Standard windows are double-hung. Special Windows Hampton Victorian houses feature round top windows, dormers, and box and angled bay windows. Bay windows must project a minimum of 8 inches from the main structure. Bay windows have a continuous base to the ground, and two-story bays are common. Doors Hampton Victorian doors are vertical in proportion, such as two- and fourpanel doors. The maximum width of a pair of double doors is 5 feet for doors at least 8 feet tall, and 4 feet for shorter pairs of double doors. Trim Windows and doors have 6-inch trim with a simple backband profile. Victorian window and door trim carries a decorative crown and cap above; windows may feature an ornate hood. Shutters The use of paneled or louvered shutters adjacent to single windows and fully glazed doors is encouraged. If shutters are installed, they must be sized and mounted as if operable to cover the adjacent window or door. DOORS 6'-8" 5" 1'-0" 6" 6'-8" 2'-6" 7'-0" 5" 1'-3" 6" 3'-0" 1'-3" 2'-8" 1'-3" 4'-0" Simple Common Ornate 60 architectural patterns

58 WINDOWS 5'-10" 2'-8" 6'-2" 3'-0" 6'-2" 2'-8" 6'-6" 3'-0" 1'-0" 3'-0" 6'-2" 2'-5" 10" 2'-5" Standard Second Floor Double Window 1'-0" 6'-6" 1'-6" Standard First Floor 5'-0" 2'-0" Accent Windows 2'-4" 12" 3'-0" 1'-4" Box Bay Window 8'-4" architectural patterns 61

59 hampton victorian Porches COLUMN TYPES Porch Roofs & Eaves Porches can be one or two stories tall with flat, shed, or shallow hipped roofs. Full porches may be integrated under the house s main roof. Shed or hip porches have a 2 in 12 to 4 in 12 pitch. Entablatures are generally classically proportioned and detailed. Columns & Railings Column types include turned columns from 8-inch-square stock, 8-inch-square or chamfered posts, and 8- to 10-inch-diameter Doric columns. First floor columns are 9- to 10-feet tall, while second floor columns are 8- to 9- feet tall. Turned or square balusters are spaced no more than 4 inches apart. Porch bays should be vertically proportioned. Flat cut ornamental balusters are also encouraged, with square or turned columns. Square pattern lattice is used as infill between piers at the foundation. Brackets Brackets range from simple designs cut from boards, to more elaborate turned wood or jigsaw-cut openwork. Brackets are a minimum of 2 inches thick. Porch Location and Massing Full front porches are encouraged on Hampton Victorian houses. Porches can be used to wrap the corner of a house, or fill in the void created by an L-shaped plan. The minimum porch depth is 8 feet. RAIL DETAIL 2½" 8" sq. 6" 8" dia. 2½" 2½" 2" turned 3½" Square or chamfered posts Turned column 62 architectural patterns

60 Materials and Applications Cladding: Cladding materials should be consistent on all facades except for special design elements such as gables and dormers. Smooth, horizontal bevel or lap wood or fiber-cement siding, 4 to 6 inches wide with 5/4 by 6-inch dimensional corner boards; board and batten siding; cut wood shingles, with 5/4 by 6-inch corner boards; vinyl siding is discouraged. Trim: Wood, composite, cellular PVC or polymer millwork. Foundations, Piers, and Chimneys: Brick on all sides. Roofing: Metal, narrow standing seam of 5-V panels (painted); wood shingles/shakes; dimensioned architectural grade asphalt or fiberglass shingles; slate or synthetic slate. Roof penetrations and flat skylights may be placed on a roof not facing a public street, maximum of two skylights per roof plane. Soffits: Smooth surface composition, tongue and groove, or fibercement boards. Gutters and Downspouts: Halfround or ogee profile gutters with round or rectangular downspouts in copper, painted, or prefinished metal. PVC is also acceptable in a color that matches trim. Windows: Wood, vinyl (solid or clad), or aluminum clad with traditional profiles, minimum ¾-inchwide projecting exterior muntins. Doors: Painted or stained wood or aesthetic equivalent, and metal. Shutters: Operable wood or polyvinyl sized to match opening, with appropriate hardware. Columns: Wood, fiberglass, or polymer. Railings: Straight or turned wood balusters; decorative metal allowed on exposed porch steps. Polymers are acceptable if maintained properly. Porch Flooring and Steps: Brick, wood tongue and groove, or composite boards tongue and groove, concrete faced with brick. Porch Ceilings: Plaster; beaded-profile, tongue and groove, or paneled boards. Fences and Garden Walls: Wood picket, brick, or combination. Lighting: Pendant carriage lamp, porch or wall-mounted. FACADE POSSIBILITIES 24' 28' 24' 30' 40' 44' architectural patterns 63

61 hampton commercial History and Character Essential Elements»» Building height and style will vary Office or retail on the ground floor, uses on upper floors vary» Elements (storefronts, windows, doors) are appropriately proportioned and scaled to their buildings» Buildings address the public realm The commercial and mixed-use of architecture in Hampton has a long and rich history in the formation of Downtown, Phoebus, Buckroe, the Kecoughtan Road Corridor and portions of North King Street. The largest concentration of commercial and mixed-use architecture is in downtown. The buildings were typically designed for small lots and are often comprised of three- to five-bay elevation compositions and two- to three-stories in height. The small parcel size gives Hampton s commercial districts a pleasant pedestrian scale. The buildings usually feature attractive storefronts and corner towers and turrets. The upper floor facades are often simple flat surfaces with vertically proportioned windows capped with cornices. Facade materials are often predominantly brick and may also include stone. The styles reflect the time in which they were built giving Hampton a visual record of its evolution and history. 64 architectural patterns

62 architectural patterns 65

63 hampton commercial Massing and Composition Type 1: Free-standing building» Proportions are square and horizontally arranged.» Bays are evenly spaced and repetitive.» Upper floor windows are single or paired double-hungs.» Ground floors can repeat upper floor window bays or have storefronts with a pilaster surround. Possible bay rhythms, proportions, and arrangement of compositional elements Type 2: Mixed-use Main Street» Proportions are square and horizontally arranged.» Bays are commonly symmetrical about the center but not necessarily evenly spaced.» Upper floor windows are large single or paired windows; casements or double-hungs are recommended.» Ground floors have storefronts with a greater proportion of glass to wall; simply detailed surrounds. Possible bay rhythms, proportions, and arrangement of compositional elements 66 architectural patterns

64 BUILDING COMPOSITION Regional precedent of a new single-story commercial building Larger openings denote storefronts, while smaller windows suit residential space. Proportions maintain significant wall to opening ratio. Regional precedent in Peninsula Retail bays become primary openings with large windows and doors; rhythm and spacing above may vary from the bay pattern at street level. architectural patterns 67

65 hampton commercial Architectural Elements Free-standing Commercial» Flat or Gable roof» Dormers are typically single windows» One- or two-story porches, 8 to 12 feet deep» Storefronts can incorporate large windows and typically create unique composition to rest of the building» Awnings may be fabric, wood, or metal Typical architectural elements of a free standing commercial building Gable Roofs Flat Roof Single- And Double-Story Porches Awnings Applied Storefronts Mixed-use main street» Flat or gable roof» Dormers are typically single or double windows» Storefronts incorporate large windows and typically create unique composition to rest of the building» Awnings are more common than porches Varied Roof Heights And Pitches Definitive Cornices Continuous Streetfront Edge Range Of Storefront Bays And Materials Fabric Awnings Recessed Entries Typical architectural elements of mixed-use main street buildings 68 architectural patterns

66 PRECEDENT PHOTOS architectural patterns 69

67 hampton commercial Windows 5'-6" 6'-8" 5'-6" 8'-0" 3'-0" 3'-8" 3'-8" 5'-0" 6-over-1 double-hung window 12 pane single-hung storefront window 6'-6" 8'-8" 5'-6" 7'-6" 2'-8" 3'-4" 2-over-2 double-hung window 5'-6" 8'-6" 5'-6" 6'-8 5'-6" 7'-0" 3'-4" 4'-4 " 4'-8" 6'-6" 2'-8" 3'-8" 3'-0" 4'-8" Single-hung storefront window 12 pane single-hung window with segmental arch 1-over-1 double-hung window 6-over-1 double-hung window 70 architectural patterns

68 Doors SPECIAL ELEMENTS 7'-0" 4'-8" 5'-2" 12" 14" 3'-0" 2'-6" 3'-0" Colonial Revival Dormer Window Six-Panel Door Shutter Detail Dormer Window 7'-0" 6" 1'-10" 8" 6" 1'-6" 6" 5-1/2" Mercantile Special Window 3'-0" 4'-8" Double Door Bay Window architectural patterns 71

69 hampton commercial STOREFRONT COMPOSITION 1'-6" 2'-0" 11'-0" 14'-0" 7'-6" 2'-0" min. Victorian Storefront 1'-6" 2'-0" 11'-0" 14'-0" 7'-6" 8'-0" Mercantile Storefront 72 architectural patterns

70 Materials and Applications Cladding: Siding materials should be consistent on all facades except for special design elements such as gables and dormers. Smooth, horizontal bevel or Dutch lap wood or fibercement siding, 3 to 8 inches wide. Trim: Wood, composite, or cellular PVC trim recommended. Masonry: Masonry should be used for foundations, piers and chimneys; also can be used for siding material. Brick in Common, English, or Flemish Bond patterns. Local stone in various sizes. Roofs: Slate or manufactured slate, or approved composition shingles. Roof vents of any kind must be painted to match roof finish. Roof penetrations and flat skylights may be placed on a roof not facing a public thoroughfare, maximum of two skylights per roof plane. Soffits: Wood or approved synthetic material. Gutters and Downspouts: K-style and half-round gutters permitted. Downspouts must be painted to match background building color, must be located away from prominent corners, and must drain away from walkways. Storefronts: Prefabricated aluminum store-fronts are not acceptable. Custom designs that highlight buildings architectural style are recommended. Store-front design should reflect overall building vocabulary and incorporate appropriate details accordingly. Columns: Wood, fiberglass, or composite material. Railings: Square 2-inch or 3-inch wood balusters. Metal railing with square balusters. architectural patterns 73