PLT. off PRACHUM MUD-UBONUBON
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1 INTRODUCTION PLT. off PRACHUM MUD-UBONUBON
2 for.. MCAA
3 OBJECTIVE OF ATC SAFETY ORDERLY EXPEDITIOUS
4 TO MEET THE OBJECTIVE OF ATC SAFETY - PROVIDE SEPERATION - VERTICAL - LATERAL - LONGITUDINAL - FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE
5 TO MEET THE OBJECTIVE OF ATC ORDERLY - TRAFFIC FLOW - PROCEDURES - EQUIPMENS AND NAVAIDS EXPEDITIOUS - TRAFFIC NO DELAY - SAFE COST AND TIME - NEED QUALIFIED CONTROLLER
6 TO MEET THE OBJECTIVE OF ATC - QUALIFIED CONTROLLER - GOT EXPERIENCE - MORE KNOWLEDGE - MORE TRAINING - PASSED TEST
7 ALTIMETER SETTING PROCEDURES For flights in the vicinity of aerodromes and within terminal control areas the vertical position of aircraft shall, be expressed in terms of altitudes at or below the transition altitude and in terms of flight levels at or above the transition level. Whilepassing through the transition ii layer, vertical position ii shall hllbe expressed in terms of flight levels when climbing and in terms of altitudes when descending.
8 ALTIMETER SETTING PROCEDURES When an aircraft which has been given clearance to land is completing its approach using atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation (QFE), the vertical position of the aircraft shall be expressed in terms of height above aerodrome elevation
9 ALTIMETER SETTING PROCEDURES For flights en-route, the vertical position of aircraft shall be expressed in terms of: level; and a) flight levels at or above the lowest usable flight b) altitude below the lowest usable flight level
10 ALTIMETER SETTING PROCEDURES
11 PROVISION OF ALTIMETER SETTING INFORMATION A QNH altimeter setting shall be included in the descent clearance when first cleared to an altitude below the transition level, in approach clearances or clearances to enter the traffic circuit, and in taxi clearances for departing aircraft, except when it is known that the aircraft has already received the information. A QFE altimeter setting shall be provided to aircraft on request
12 Contents of voice position reports The position reports shall contain the following elements of information, except that elements 4), 5) and 6) may be omitted from position reports transmitted by radiotelephony 1) aircraft identification; 2) position; 3) time; 4) flight level or altitude, including passing level and cleared level if not maintaining the cleared level; 5) next position and time over; and 6) ensuing significant point
13 WAKE TERBULENCE
14 WAKE TERBULENCE Wake vortices are present behind every aircraft, but are particularly severe when generated by a large and wide-bodied jet aircraft.
15 WAKE TERBULENCE The vortices are most dangerous to following aircraft during the take-off, initial climb, final approach and landing phases of flight.
16 WAKE TERBULENCE Generation Vortices generation begins on rotation when the nose wheel lifts off the runway and ends when the nose wheel touches down on landing.
17 Winglets g Reduce vortices
18 Before After
19 WAKE TERBULENCE CATEGORIES Wake turbulence separation minima shall be based on a grouping of aircraft types into three categories according to the maximum certificated take-off mass as follows: a) HEAVY (H) all aircraft types of kg or more; b) MEDIUM (M) aircraft types less than kg but more than kg; and c) LIGHT (L) aircraft types of kg or less.
20 Heavy (H) B747 C5 (Galaxy) Medium (M) B737 C130 Light (L) C172 PC9
21 WAKE TERBULENCE CATEGORIES Indication of heavy wake turbulence category For aircraft in the heavy wake turbulence category the word Heavy shall be included immediately after the aircraft call sign in the initial radiotelephony contact between such aircraft and ATS units
22 WAKE TERBULENCE SEPARATION STANDARD Arriving aircraft The following minima shall be applied to aircraft landing behind a HEAVY or a MEDIUM aircraft: a) MEDIUM aircraft behind HEAVY aircraft 2 minutes; b) LIGHT aircraft behind a HEAVY or MEDIUM aircraft 3 minutes.
23 WAKE TERBULENCE SEPARATION STANDARD Departing aircraft A minimum separation of 2minutesshall be applied between a LIGHT or MEDIUM aircraft taking off behind a HEAVY aircraft or a LIGHT aircraft taking off behind a MEDIUM aircraft A separation minimum of 3 minutes shall be applied between a LIGHT or MEDIUM aircraft when taking off behind a HEAVY aircraft or a LIGHT aircraft when taking off behind a MEDIUM aircraft from an intermediate part of the same runway
24 WAKE TERBULENCE SEPARATION STANDARD Radar separation The following distance-based wake turbulence separation minima shall be applied to aircraft being provided with an ATS surveillance service in the approach and departure phases of flight in the circumstances given in
25 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE Air traffic control clearance. Authorization for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by an air traffic control unit. Note 1. For convenience, the term air traffic control clearance is frequently abbreviated to clearance when used in appropriate contexts. Note 2. The abbreviated term clearance may be prefixed by the words taxi, take-off, departure, en-route, t approach or landing to indicate the particular portion of flight to which the air traffic control clearance relates
26 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE Clearance limit. it The point to which h an aircraft is granted an air traffic control clearance.
27 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE Clearances are issued solely for expediting and separating air traffic and are based on known traffic conditions which affect safety in aircraft operation. Such traffic conditions include not only aircraft in the air and on the manoeuvring area over which control is being exercised, but also any vehicular traffic or other obstructions not permanently installed on the manoeuvring area in use.
28 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE If an air traffic control clearance is not suitable to the pilot-in-command i of an aircraft, the flight crew may request and, if practicable, obtain an amended clearance. ATC units shall issue such ATC clearances as are necessary to prevent collisions and to expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic. ATC clearances must be issued early enough to ensure that they are transmitted to the aircraft in sufficient time for it to comply with them.
29 SELECTION OF RUNWAY-IN-USE The term runway-in-use shall be usedtoindicatethe runway or runways that, at a particular time, are considered by the aerodrome control tower to be the most suitable for use by the types of aircraft expected to land or take off at the aerodrome. Note. Separate or multiple runways may be designated runway-in-use for arriving aircraft and departing aircraft.
30 SELECTION OF RUNWAY-IN-USE Normally, an aircraft will land and take off into wind unless safety, the runway configuration, meteorological conditions and available instrument approach procedures or air traffic conditions determine that a different direction is preferable. In selecting the runway-in-use, however, the unit providing aerodrome control service shall take into consideration, besides surface wind speed and direction, other relevant factors such as the aerodrome traffic circuits, the length of runways, and the approach and landing aids available.
31 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE CLEARANCE LIMIT A clearance limit shall be described by specifying the name of the appropriate significant point, or aerodrome, or controlled airspace boundary. When prior coordination has been effected with units under whose control the aircraft will subsequently come, or if there is reasonable assurance that it can be effected a reasonable time prior to their assumption of control, the clearance limit shall be the destination aerodrome or, if not practicable, an appropriate intermediate point, and coordination shall be expedited so that a clearance to the destination aerodrome may be issued as soon as possible.
32 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE READBACK OF CLEARANCES The flight crew shall read back to the air traffic controller safety-related parts of ATC clearances and instructions which are transmitted by voice. The following items shall always be read back: a) ATC route clearances; b) clearances and instructions to enter, land on, take off from, hold short of, cross, taxi and backtrack on any runway; and
33 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE READBACK OF CLEARANCES c) runway-in-use, altimeter settings, SSR codes, level instructions, heading and speed instructions and, whether issued by the controller or contained in automatic terminal information service (ATIS) broadcasts, transition levels.
34 POST TEST Clearance limit is a. The point to which h an a/c is granted ATC clearance b. The point to which an a/c is granted approach clearance c. The point to which an a/c is granted STAR clearance d. The point to which an a/c is granted onward clearance answer a.
35 POST TEST To maintain a flight level specified by the ATC unit, the pressure type altimeter t must be set to a. QNH altimeter setting b. QFE altimeter setting c. pressure at hpa d. QNF altimeter setting answer c.
36 POST TEST What is the meaning of "onward clearance"? a. The time that an a/c can expect to receive ATC clearance b. The time that an a/c can expect to receive approach clearance to complete its approach for landing c. The time that an a/c can expect to hold over navigation aid d. The time at which an a/c can expect to leave the point at which it is held answer d.
37 POST TEST An arriving Light A/C is approaching to land follow the preceeding A/C with wake turbulence category of HEAVY, which separation shall be provided a. 2 minutes b. 3 minutes c. 2 minutes and caution wake turbulence d. No separation shall be required answer b.
38 POST TEST Which one of the following is correct? QNH is not provided d when: a. Descend clearance when the a/c is first cleared to altitude lower than transition level. b. Enter aerodrome traffic circuit c. Approach clearance d. Descend clearance when the a/c is cleared to initial approach fix answer d.
39 POST TEST Which one is MEDIUM aircraft? a. aircraft on kg b. aircraft on kg c. aircraft on kg d. aircraft on 6000 kg answer c.
40 POST TEST Flight crew shall read back to Air Traffic Controller safety-relate ft t to ATC clearance and instrument t which h transmitted by voice. Which one of the following item is not necessary to read back. a. Clearance and instruction of hold short RWY b. Clearance and instruction of back track on RWY c. Wind direction and speed d. Transition level answer c.
41 Q/A
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