Bridge the understanding between Chapter 3 on the Brain, Chapter 4 on Sensation and Perception and Chapter 5 States of Consciousness

Transcription

1

2 Bridge the understanding between Chapter 3 on the Brain, Chapter 4 on Sensation and Perception and Chapter 5 States of Consciousness Increase our ability to make healthy decisions regarding states of consciousness Understand society s perception of consciousness

3

4 Non-Con Ability to Function Consciousness Altered State of Consciousness (ASC): Awareness that is distinctly different in quality or pattern from waking consciousness

5 In the case of sleep it is vital and necessary Availability to seek the experience Desire to escape unpleasant feelings Self-medication Physically/Emotionally dependent Spiritual connection Creativity (yep, it is a myth) Recreational in our Society Perceived as safe and practiced by many Altered because of Mental Illness or Injury

6 Sleep Lack of sleep resulting in Micro-sleep Daydreaming Caffeine Driving Hypnosis Music Driven

7 Physically. Sleep Lack of sleep Coma Near death experience Stigmata Demon Possessed Faith healing Illness/Deprivation Drug induced/chemical Medically induced Mentally Positive thinking Meditation Mantra Daydreaming Music induced Faith healing Slain in the Spirit Snake handlers Voodoo spells Witchcraft

8 Culturally/Socially induced Trance Hypnosis Exorcisim VooDoo Spiritual Mediums Flagellation

9 Definition: Innate, biological rhythm essential for survival Sleep Deprivation: Sleep loss; being deprived of needed amounts of sleep Microsleep: Brief shift in brain-wave patterns similar to those of sleep Sleep-Deprivation Psychosis: Major disruption that occurs because of sleep loss

10 Electroencephalograph (EEG): Brain-wave machine; amplifies and records electrical activity in the brain Beta Waves: Small fast waves associated with alertness and awakeness Alpha Waves: Large, slow waves associated with relaxation and falling asleep Definition: Innate, biological rhythm essential for survival Sleep Deprivation: Sleep loss; being deprived of needed amounts of sleep

11 Rapid Eye Movements (REM): Associated with dreaming; sleep is very light. Body is very still during REM sleep. Lack of muscle paralysis during REM sleep is called REM Behavioral Disorder. Non-REM (NREM) Sleep: Occurs during stages 1, 2, 3, and 4; no rapid eye movement occurs. Seems to help us recover from daily fatigue.

12 Stage 1: Small, irregular waves produced in light sleep (people may or may not say they were asleep) Hypnic Jerk: Reflex muscle twitch throughout body that may occur in Stage 1 Stage 2: Deeper sleep; sleep spindles (bursts of distinctive brain-wave activity) appear Stage 3: Deeper sleep; Delta waves appear; very large and slow Stage 4: Deepest level of normal sleep; almost purely Delta waves

13 Average proportion of time adults spend daily in REM sleep and NREM sleep. REM periods add up to about 20 percent of total sleep time. (b) Typical changes in stages of sleep during the night. Notice that dreams mostly coincide with REM periods.

14 Insomnia: Difficulty in getting to sleep or staying asleep, or waking early Sleeping pills exacerbate insomnia; cause decrease in REM and Stage 4 sleep and may cause dependency Drug-Dependency Insomnia: Sleeplessness that follows withdrawal from sleeping pills

15 Sleepwalking (Somnambulism): Occurs in NREM sleep during Stages 3 and 4 Sleeptalking: Speaking while asleep; occurs in NREM sleep

16 Nightmares: Bad dreams Occur during REM sleep May occur once or twice a month; brief and easily (unfortunately) remembered Imagery Rehearsal: Mentally rehearse the changed dream before you go to sleep again; may help to eliminate nightmares Night Terrors: Total panic and hallucinations may occur Occurs during Stage 4 sleep Most common in childhood; may occur in adults

17 Sleep Apnea: Interrupted breathing during sleep; cause of very loud snoring Hypersomnia: Extreme daytime sleepiness Apnea can be treated by Surgery Weight loss Breathing mask Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS; Crib Death): Sudden, unexplained death of healthy infant (infants should sleep on back or on side to try to prevent)

18 Altered state of consciousness characterized by intensely narrowed attention and increased openness to suggestion Mesmer: Believed he could cure diseases by passing magnets over body; true animal magnetism ( mesmerize means to hypnotize) Must cooperate to become hypnotized Hypnotic Susceptibility: How easily a person can be hypnotized Basic Suggestion Effect: Tendency of hypnotized people to carry out suggested actions as though they were involuntary

19 Promise and Pseudo Promise of Hypnosis Hypnosis CAN Help people relax Reduce pain Get people to make better progress in therapy Improve concentration and confidence Hypnosis CANNOT Produce acts of superhuman strength Produce age regression Force you to do things against your will Erase memories and cure unwanted habits

20 Simulation of hypnotic effects. Tricks of the Trade: Waking Suggestibility: People on stage do not want to spoil the act, so they will follow any instruction. Selection of Responsive Subjects: Any volunteer who does not get hypnotized in the stage group and does not follow instructions is voted off. The Hypnosis Label Dis-inhibits: On stage, once you are in a hypnotic trance, your responsibility for actions is removed; you can do whatever you want!

21 Hypnotist as Director: Once they are in a trance, the volunteers are suddenly the show s stars, and they will act like it. The hypnotists only need to direct them. Stage Hypnotists Use Tricks: Stage hypnosis is 50% deception and 50% taking advantage of the situation Hypnotic techniques were really that powerful, who would need volunteers.just zap them up to the stage!

22 Mental exercise designed to produce relaxation or heightened awareness Concentrative Meditation: Attention is paid to a single focal point (i.e., object, thought, etc.) Produces relaxation response and thus works to reduce stress Receptive Meditation: Based on widening attention span to become aware of everything experienced at a given moment Mantra: Word(s) or sound(s) repeated silently during concentrative meditation Relaxation Response: Occurs at time of relaxation; internal response that prevents activation of adrenal glands

23 Psychoactive Drug: Substance capable of altering attention, judgment, memory, time sense, selfcontrol, emotion, or perception Stimulant: Substance that increases activity in body and nervous system Depressant: Substance that decreases activity in body and nervous system

24 Physical Dependence: Addiction based on drug tolerance and withdrawal symptoms Drug Tolerance: Reduction in body s response to a drug Withdrawal Symptoms: Physical illness following withdrawal of the drug Psychological Dependence: Drug dependence based on psychological or emotional needs Usually crave drug Can be as powerful as physiological addiction

25 Ethyl Alcohol: Intoxicating element in fermented and distilled liquors NOT a stimulant but DOES lower inhibitions Depressant Binge Drinking: Consuming five or more drinks in a short time; four or more for women Serious sign of alcohol abuse

26 Bridge the understanding between Chapter 3 on the Brain, Chapter 4 on Sensation and Perception and Chapter 5 States of Consciousness Increase our ability to make healthy decisions regarding states of consciousness Understand society s perception of consciousness