World Bank Program on Forced Displacement

Transcription

1 World Bank Program on Forced Displacement January 12, 2010 Social Development The World Bank

2 Presentation outline The scope The impact The development challenge Overview of WB portfolio Three-year program

3 The Scope of Forced Displacement Forced displacement includes refugees and IDPs who flee their place of origin due to conflict, violence and human rights violations Today there are some 15 million refugees and some 26 million IDPs Across the world there are 29 protracted refugee situations comprising 54% of the refugees, and 35 protracted IDPs situations

4 The Impacts of Forced Displacement Forced displacement is a humanitarian crisis, with important political and developmental dimensions In fragile and conflict affected countries, displacement puts added strain on weak national and local institutions Displacement can be a breeding ground for grievances leading to conflict, crime, violence, and political instability Displacement has negative developmental impacts on human and social capital, economic growth, poverty reduction, MDGs, and environmental sustainability The negative impacts of displacement may be less pronounced where the displaced are able to develop their skills and use their coping mechanisms to their own and the host community s benefit

5 The development challenge There are development challenges from the onset of displacement: During displacement, development challenges include the improvement of daily lives of the displaced by: -Promoting maximum level of self-reliance; -Building and maintaining skills; and -Promoting integration and mutually beneficial collaboration with host communities After solutions are found, the development challenges require long-term (re)integration programs, often in the form of targeted area development programs to secure the durability of the solution If the development challenges during displacement are properly addressed, the displaced could contribute to the local economy and be able to take advantage of durable solutions when they arise

6 The development challenge (Contd.) However, allowing refugees and IDPs to participate in the local economy of the host location could have the following negative impacts: -Declining salary levels (especially for unskilled labor); -Competition with certain sectors such as transport; and -Competition over access to resources There are also negative challenges that need to be addressed: -Environmental impacts -Strained relations between the host population and the displaced

7 The Development Challenge (Contd.) There are four key developmental barriers to achieve durable solutions for the displaced : Access to lost land, housing and property Resolution of land, housing, and property disputes, etc Restoration of livelihoods Income generating activities, access to markets, etc Delivery of services Health care, education, psycho-social services,security etc Accountable and responsive governance Voice and participation, involvement in local planning, etc

8 Overview of WB portfolio Bank engagement on forced displacement IDA/IBRD Trust Fund projects AAA 1 9 Total Active Closed Between the 80 s and the end of FY 2009, WB has undertaken 94 activities addressing forced displacement issues across the six regions.

9 Geographical distribution of portfolio SAR 14% EAP 9% Geographical distribution of Bank activities on forced displacement LAC 5% ECA 22% MNA 7% AFR 43% EAP: Community reintegration in Mindanao, Philippines, and Aceh, Indonesia SAR: Support for IDPs in Sri Lanka AFR: Social funds/cdd Sierra Leone, Burundi MENA: Supporting Iraqis displaced in Jordan Syria ECA: IDPs living conditions and income generation in Georgia and Azerbaijan LAC: Patrimonial rights of IDPS in Colombia

10 Portfolio activities WB displacement activities by theme Other important issues addressed in few operations are: Reconciliation and peace Provision of psycho-social services Demining Women and Youth Livelihoods Reconstruction & local int Analytical work Delivery of services Governance Property rights,land

11 Assessment of the Bank portfolio Out of the 53 countries with significant displacement situations, only 38% recognized FD as an issue in country strategy documents. One reason for this is that poverty assessments in such countries rarely include adequate data and analysis on displacement and vulnerability that can inform PRSPs and CASs Bank engagement in addressing displacement has been generally modest and declined slightly although global displacement figures have remained high with most displaced in protracted situations Shift from trust funded operations to IDA/IBRD does not indicate a mainstreaming of lessons from trust fund pilot operations Lessons learnt have not been captured effectively which limits the capacity to distil good practices that could inform future interventions At the same time, Bank activities addressing displacement demonstrate a good variety of experiences that should be applied to support solutions during displacement and upon return of the 42 million in displacement today

12 Three-year forced displacement program A scoping exercise was conducted during the last three months of FY 09 by SDV to explore, with the help of Bank country teams and external partners (UN Agencies, bilaterals, and NGOs), the needs and opportunities for a more systematic approach to displacement at the regional and country level Based on the scoping exercise a three-year program has been designed and a MDTF has been established The purpose of the work program is to identify and design potential interventions and to address opportunities to improve the Bank s contribution to an enhanced development response to forced displacement The work program is focused on providing timely and demand-driven support to CMUs regarding analytical work, operations, and partnerships with other relevant actors Built on experience and lessons learned from operational support activities, it is expected to produce guidelines for use by Bank staff in addressing forced displacement and to support cross- learning activities with other sectors and teams, particularly on the social dimensions of climate change, involuntary resettlement operations and gender

13 Alignment with WB policies Operational policy 2.30 on development cooperation and conflict. The priorities to support the overall objective of economic and social recovery can include programs for refugees and other war-affected populations Operational policy 8.00 on rapid response to crises and emergencies. One of the objectives of the policy is to establish/preserve human, institutional, and/or social capital including economic reintegration of vulnerable people (for example: IDPs, refugees and returning refugees) Fragility and conflict is one of the six priority areas identified by WB s president Robert Zoellick (October 2007) Partnership framework between UN and the Bank on their complementary roles in supporting early and sustainable recovery during and after crises

14 Program activities Through regular contacts with external partners and Bank country teams, the program will constantly develop the following activities: Analytical Work and Knowledge Dissemination Study of the social and economic costs of displacement Review of lessons learned regarding livelihood restoration and approaches to address restoration of land property rights Review of approaches to provide service delivery in displacement situations Partnership activities Regular contacts with UN, NGO, bilateral and research partners on country specific, regional and global opportunities for collaboration Participation in the Inter-Agency Standing Committee meetings on displacement issues

15 Program activities Joint preparation of a paper on the development challenges of forced displacement Participation in working group on lessons learned on how to secure durable solutions for IDPs led by OCHA, UNHCR and UNDP Participation in the working group on the predictability of the international response to reintegration of returning refugees, led by UNHCR with UNDP OCHA as co-chairs. Possible operational partnerships in Kenya, Afghanistan, Sudan, Georgia, Iraq, and other countries

16 Operational Support Activities Globally the forced displacement program supports country teams with significant number of displaced people, CAS preparation, poverty assessments, analytical work, and investment operations. MENA: Conference to start a process of regional dialogue to find solutions for displaced Iraqis AFR: Analytical work on displacement and sustainable livelihoods in the Chad, Central African Republic, and the Darfur triangle ECA: Supporting the design of a three-year analytical work program to approach forced displacement in the region EAP: Support to the CMU to prepare an IDPs strategy in the Philippines LAC: Support to a conference on issues of restoration of land and property rights for IDPs in Colombia SAR: Inputs to Sri Lanka IDP project, and to poverty assessment and AAA in Afghanistan

17 Thanks.. Social Development