What Is Morality? p. 1 Objectives p. 1 What Is Philosophy and Ethics' Relationship to It? p. 2 Key Terms p. 2 Approaches to the Study of Morality p.

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1 Preface p. xi What Is Morality? p. 1 Objectives p. 1 What Is Philosophy and Ethics' Relationship to It? p. 2 Key Terms p. 2 Approaches to the Study of Morality p. 6 Morality and Its Applications p. 8 Where Does Morality Come From? p. 13 Customary or Traditional and Reflective Morality p. 17 Morality, Law, and Religion p. 18 Why Should Human Beings Be Moral? p. 24 Chapter Summary p. 28 Exercises for Review p. 31 Discussion Questions p. 32 Notes p. 33 Supplementary Reading p. 33 Consequentialist (Teleological) Theories of Morality p. 35 Objectives p. 35 Psychological Egoism p. 36 Ethical Egoism p. 38 Utilitarianism p. 43 Difficulty with Consequentialist Theories in General p. 48 Chapter Summary p. 49 Exercises for Review p. 51 Discussion Questions p. 52 Notes p. 53 Supplementary Reading p. 53 Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) Theories of Morality and Virtue Ethics p. 55 Objectives p. 55 Act Nonconsequentialist Theories p. 56 Rule Nonconsequentialist Theories p. 59 General Criticisms of Nonconsequentialist Theories p. 66 Virtue Ethics p. 68 Conclusions p. 74 Chapter Summary p. 74 Exercises for Review p. 78 Discussion Questions p. 79 Notes p. 81 Supplementary Reading p. 81 Absolutism versus Relativism p. 83 Objectives p. 83

2 The Meanings of Absolute p. 84 The Meanings of Relative p. 85 Cultural Relativism and Cultural Absolutism p. 85 Propositions and Truth p. 87 Conclusion p. 94 Chapter Summary p. 96 Exercises for Review p. 97 Discussion Questions p. 98 Notes p. 99 Supplementary Reading p. 99 Freedom versus Determinism p. 101 Objectives p. 101 The Meaning of Determinism p. 102 Types and Theories of Determinism p. 102 Fatalism and Hard and Soft Determinism p. 108 Indeterminism p. 110 Criticisms of Hard Determinism and Arguments for Freedom p. 111 Conclusion: Soft Determinism p. 114 Chapter Summary p. 115 Exercises for Review p. 118 Discussion Questions p. 118 Notes p. 119 Supplementary Reading p. 119 Reward and Punishment p. 121 Objectives p. 121 Definition of Key Terms p. 122 Reward and Punishment in Relationship to Justice p. 122 Elements of Justice p. 123 Reward p. 124 Theories of How to Reward p. 130 Punishment p. 131 Theories of Punishment p. 133 Is a Synthesis Possible? p. 143 Chapter Summary p. 145 Exercises for Review p. 150 Discussion Questions p. 150 Notes p. 151 Supplementary Reading p. 151 Setting Up a Moral System: Basic Assumptions and Basic Principles p. 153 Objectives p. 153 Conflicting General Moral Issues p. 154

3 Basic Assumptions p. 155 Basic Principles, Individual Freedom, and Their Justification p. 160 Priority of the Basic Principles p. 170 A General Way of Determining Priority--Two Categories p. 170 How the System of Humanitarian Ethics Works p. 174 Conclusion p. 175 Chapter Summary p. 177 Exercises for Review p. 178 Discussion Questions p. 179 Note p. 179 Supplementary Reading p. 179 The Taking of Human Life p. 181 Objectives p. 181 The Taking of Human Life p. 182 Suicide p. 182 Cases for Study and Discussion p. 185 Defense of the Innocent (the Self Included) p. 186 Cases for Study and Discussion p. 187 War p. 188 Terrorism p. 191 Cases for Study and Discussion p. 192 Capital Punishment p. 193 Cases for Study and Discussion p. 198 Chapter Summary p. 199 Exercises for Review p. 202 Views of Major Ethical Theories on the Taking of Human Life p. 203 Suicide p. 203 Defense of the Innocent p. 205 War and Terrorism p. 206 Capital Punishment p. 208 Reader Reactions p. 210 Notes p. 210 Supplementary Reading p. 210 Allowing Someone to Die, Mercy Death, and Mercy Killing p. 213 Objectives p. 213 Definition of Terms p. 214 Current Legal Status of Mercy Death and Mercy Killing p. 215 Allowing Someone to Die p. 217 Cases for Study and Discussion p. 245 Mercy Death p. 247 Cases for Study and Discussion p. 255

4 Mercy Killing p. 256 Cases for Study and Discussion p. 259 Chapter Summary p. 261 Exercises for Review p. 265 Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Allowing Someone to Die, Mercy Death, and Mercy p. 266 Killing Notes p. 266 Supplementary Reading p. 267 Abortion p. 269 Objectives p. 269 Introduction to the Abortion Issue p. 270 When Does Human Life Begin? p. 273 Arguments Against Abortion p. 275 Arguments for Abortion p. 279 The More Moderate Positions on Abortion p. 283 Cases for Study and Discussion p. 287 Chapter Summary p. 288 Exercises for Review p. 291 Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Abortion p. 292 Notes p. 292 Supplementary Reading p. 293 Lying, Cheating, Breaking Promises, and Stealing p. 295 Objectives p. 295 Introduction p. 296 Definitions of Key Terms p. 296 Nonconsequentialist and Consequentialist Views p. 297 Lying p. 299 Cases for Study and Discussion p. 306 Cheating p. 307 Cases for Study and Discussion p. 310 Breaking Promises p. 311 Cases for Study and Discussion p. 316 Stealing p. 317 Cases for Study and Discussion p. 321 Chapter Summary p. 322 Exercises for Review p. 325 Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Lying, Cheating, Breaking Promises, and Stealing p. 326 Notes p. 326 Supplementary Reading p. 327 Morality, Marriage, and Human Sexuality p. 329 Objectives p. 329

5 Major Aspects of Human Sexuality p. 330 The Meaning and Purposes of Human Sexuality p. 330 Premarital Sex p. 335 Sex in Marriage-Type Relationships (Including Nonlegal) p. 333 Masturbation p. 346 Pornography p. 347 Prostitution p. 349 Sexual Perversion or "Unnatural" Sexual Activity p. 350 Cases for Study and Discussion p. 351 Chapter Summary p. 352 Exercises for Review p. 358 Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Morality, Human Sexuality, and Marriage p. 359 Notes p. 359 Supplemetary Reading p. 359 Bioethics--Ethical Issues in Medicine p. 362 Objectives p. 362 Introduction and Definition of Terms p. 363 Health Care Professionals and Patients and Their Families--Rights and Obligations p. 363 Truth Telling and Informed Consent p. 368 Confidentiality p. 373 Guilt and Innocence in Treating Patients p. 374 Ethical Issues in Medicine p. 375 Cases for Study and Discussion p. 380 Chapter Summary p. 382 Exercises for Review p. 389 Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Bioethical Issues p. 390 Notes p. 390 Supplementary Reading p. 391 Business and Media Ethics p. 394 Objectives p. 394 Introduction p. 395 Rights and Obligations in Business p. 395 Two Ways of Approaching Rights and Obligations in Business p. 396 The Moderate Position p. 398 Justice, Truth Telling, and Honesty in Business p. 399 Ethical Issues in Business p. 400 Sexual Harassment p. 406 Media Ethics p. 409 Cases for Study and Discussion p. 413 Chapter Summary p. 417 Exercises for Review p. 423

6 Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Business and Media Ethics p. 424 Notes p. 424 Supplementary Reading p. 424 Environmental Ethics p. 426 Objectives p. 426 Key Terms p. 427 Nature and Morality p. 427 Environmental Ethical Issues p. 428 Our Attitude Toward Nature and What Lies Behind it p. 430 Arguments for Use and Exploitation of the Natural Environment p. 433 Arguments Against the Use and Exploitation of Nature p. 434 Moderate Position p. 436 Criteria for Animal Rights p. 436 Ways of Dealing with Animal Rights p. 429 Use of Animals for Food p. 438 Use of Animals for Experimentation p. 440 Killing Animals for Sport p. 441 Protection of Endangered Species p. 444 Conclusion p. 444 Cases for Study and Discussion p. 445 Chapter Summary p. 447 Exercises for Review p. 452 Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Environmental Ethics p. 452 Notes p. 453 Supplementary Reading p. 443 Appendixes p. 455 Introduction p. 455 Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of the Taking of Human Life p. 456 Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of Allowing Someone to Die, Mercy Death, and Mercy Killing p. 467 Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of Abortion p. 476 Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of Lying, Cheating, Breaking Promises, and Stealing p. 487 Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of Human Sexuality p. 496 Applying Humanitarian Ethics to Moral Problems in Medicine (Bioethics) p. 502 Applying Humanitarian Ethics to Moral Problems in Business (Business and Media Ethics) p. 550 Applying Humanitarian Ethics to Environmental Ethics p. 517 Glossary p. 522 Index p. 533 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.

COURSE OUTLINE Ethics

Butler Community College Humanities and Fine Arts Division COURSE OUTLINE Ethics Dr. Regina Turner Revised Spring 2005 Implemented Fall 2005 Course Description PL 291. Ethics. 3 hours credit. This course