Species of Greatest Conservation Need Species Accounts

Transcription

1 Species of Greatest Conservation Need Species Accounts Appendix 1.4D-Reptiles Reptile Species of Greatest Conservation Need Maps: Physiographic Provinces and HUC Watersheds Species Accounts (Click species name below or bookmark to navigate to species account) REPTILES Eastern Mud Turtle Spotted Turtle Wood Turtle Bog Turtle Blanding s Turtle Eastern Redbelly Turtle Eastern Box Turtle Eastern Fence Lizard Northern Coal Skink Broadhead Skink Eastern Worm Snake Kirtland s Snake Eastern Hognose Snake Rough Green Snake Queen Snake Eastern Ribbonsnake Shorthead Garter Snake Eastern Smooth Earth Snake Mountain Earth Snake Copperhead Timber Rattlesnake Eastern Massasauga The following Physiographic Province and HUC Watershed maps are presented here for reference with conservation actions identified in the species accounts. Species account authors identified appropriate Physiographic Provinces or HUC Watershed (Level 4, 6, 8, 10, or statewide) for specific conservation actions to address identified threats. HUC watersheds used in this document were developed from the Watershed Boundary Dataset, a joint project of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Environmental Protection Agency.

2 Physiographic Provinces Central Lowlands Appalachian Plateaus New England Ridge and Valley Piedmont Atlantic Coastal Plain Appalachian Plateaus Atlantic Coastal Plain Central Lowlands New England Piedmont Ridge and Valley 751 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

3 Lake Erie Eastern Lake Erie Southern Lake Erie Pennsylvania HUC4 and HUC6 Watersheds Southwestern Lake Ontario Upper Susquehanna Upper Ohio- Beaver Upper Ohio Allegheny Allegheny West Branch Susquehanna Susquehanna Upper Delaware Delaware-Mid Atlantic Coastal Lower Susquehanna Lower Delaware Monongahela Monongahela Upper Chesapeake HUC 4 Watershed State Border Potomac HUC 6 Watershed County Boundary Kilometers Potomac Upper Chesapeake 752 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

4 ee Lak rie Pennsylvania HUC6 and HUC8 Watersheds Conewango Tioga Sinnemahoning Middle West Branch Susquehanna Middle AlleghenyRedbank Beaver Upper Ohio Upper Juniata sk Ki i im ne Appendix 1.4 Reptiles Raystown Youghiogheny Cheat 100 North Branch CacaponTown Potomac 150 Schuylkill Lower Susquehanna-Swatara t as 0 Middle DelawareMusconetcong Lower Juniata Conemaugh Lower Monongahela Upper Monongahela Lehigh Lower Susquehanna-Penns Lower Allegheny Upper OhioWheeling Middle DelawareMongaupBrodhead Upper SusquehannaLackawanna Bald Eagle Upper West Branch Susquehanna Lower Delaware Lower Susquehanna ConococheagueOpequon Lackawaxen Lower West Branch Susquehanna Mahoning Connoquenessing e ar Shenango Upper SusquehannaTunkhannock Pine Clarion l aw Middle Allegheny-Tionesta French OwegoWappasening De Upper Allegheny er AshtabulaChagrin Upper Susquehanna Chemung Upper Genesee p Up u at auq ut u a Ch nnea Co GunpowderPatapsco Monocacy ChesterSassafras Cr Ne oss sh wic am ks i ny - BrandywineChristina State Border County Kilometers 200 HUC 6 HUC 8

5 Oswayo Headwaters Allegheny River First Fork Sinnemahoning Spruce Cryder -Genesee River Headwaters Genesee River Kettle Beech Upper Pine West Branch Pine Upper West Branch Susquehanna River Bald Eagle Spring Young Womans Troups Cowanesque River Lower West Branch Susquehanna River Lower Pine Honey Pennsylvania HUC8 & HUC10 Watersheds, NE Crooked Marsh Little Pine Fishing Pine Babb Larrys Tioga River Buffalo Middle Mill Lycoming West Branch Susquehanna River White Deer Hole Middle Chemung River Penns Sugar Towanda Lower Loyalsock West Branch Susquehanna River Lower Chemung River Schrader Muncy Chillisquaque Shamokin Mahanoy Kilometers Cayuta Little Muncy Lower Susquehanna River Wysox Upper Susquehanna River Upper Loyalsock Fishing Roaring Pipe - Susquehanna River Wappasening - Susquehanna River Little Loyalsock Little Fishing Mahantango Wyalusing Lower Susquehanna River Mehoopany Huntington Bowman Middle Susquehanna River Nescopeck Catawissa Choconut - Susquehanna River Upper Schuylkill River East Branch Wyalusing Meshoppen Little Schuylkill River Lower Susquehanna River Tunkhannock Upper Susquehanna River Middle Lehigh River Maiden Middle Susquehanna River South Branch Tunkhannock East Branch Tunkhannock Upper Lehigh River Lower West Branch Delaware River West Branch Lackawaxen River Tobyhanna Pohopoco Lower Lehigh River Upper Delaware River Dyberry Middle West Branch Wallenpaupack Lackawanna River Jordan Aquashicola Wallenpaupack Broadhead Pocono Bushkill - Delaware River Lower East Branch Delaware River Middle Delaware River Lower Delaware River Lackawaxen River Bush Kill Upper Delaware River Shahola HUC 8 HUC 10 Mongaup Riv Halfway Brook- Delaware River Raymondskill - Delaware River Flat Brook-Delaware River State Border 754 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

6 k ld Eagle pring ng Stone acklog ranch heague ek River Kishacoquillas Upper Juniata River Upper Conodoguinet Rocky Spring Branch- Back Fishing Honey Tuscarora Conococheague Antietam Pine Penns Middle Juniata River Middle Conodoguinet Lower Juniata River Buffalo Sherman Marsh Toms Middle Cocolamus Buffalo Lower Conodoguinet Yellow Breeches Bermudian Upper Conewago Rock Upper Monocacy River Pennsylvania HUC8 and HUC10 Watersheds, SE West Branch Mahantango Susquehanna River Susquehanna River South Branch Conewago Chillisquaque Lower Conewago Shamokin Mahanoy Mahantango Wiconisco Little Conewago Lower Susquehanna River Codorus Deep Lower Swatara South Branch Codorus Upper Gunpowder Falls Fishing Roaring Muddy Deer Upper Swatara Quittapahilla Chickies Middle Gunpowder Falls Little Swatara Little Conestoga Upper Schuylkill River Susquehanna River Catawissa Tulpehocken Cocalico Nescopeck Conestoga River Pequea Little Schuylkill River Octoraro Middle Lehigh River Maiden Middle Schuylkill River West Branch Brandywine East Branch Octoraro Elk River North East River- Upper Chesapeake Bay Jordan Manatawny French East Branch Brandywine White Clay Pohopoco Lower Lehigh River Little Lehigh Brandywine Christina River Aquashicola Perkiomen Lower Schuylkill River Raccoon - Delaware River Broadhead Pocono Flat Brook-Delaware River Darby - Mantua Upper Delaware River Bushkill -Delaware River Tohickon - Delaware River Upper Neshaminy Wissahickon Lower Delaware River Lower Neshaminy Pennypack - Rancocas Cooper River- Delaware River HUC 8 HUC 10 State Border Assiscunk - Delaware River Kilometers Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

7 HUC 8 HUC 10 State Border Ashtabula River Pymatuning Lake Erie Yankee Run- Shenango River Mill -Mahoning River Crooked - Frontal Lake Erie Conneaut Pymatuning Reservoir- Shenango River Neshannock Beaver River Conneaut Outlet Little Shenango River Big Run- Shenango River Elk Cessewago Pelee Island Sixmile -Frontal Lake Erie French Sandy Wolf LeBoeuf Slippery Rock Wheeler Muddy Sugar Connoquenessing West Branch French South Branch French Oil Bear East Sandy Buffalo Brokenstraw Pine Lower Allegheny River Lower Clarion River Allegheny River Little Lower Conewango Brokenstraw Deer Upper Allegheny River Redbank Tionesta Middle Clarion River Piney Kilometers Pennsylvania HUC8 and HUC10 Watersheds, NW West Branch Tionesta Upper Clarion River Little Sandy Mahoning Lower Allegheny River South Branch Tionesta Spring North Fork Redbank Sandy Lick Tunungwant Kinzua West Branch Clarion River East Branch Clarion River Little Toby Elk Anderson Potato Driftwood Branch Sinnemahoning Bennett Branch Sinnemahoning Upper West Branch Susquehanna River Lower West Branch Susquehanna River Clearfield Oswayo Headwaters Allegheny River Sinnemahoning Portage Mosquito First Fork Sinnemahoning Sinnemahoning Moshannon Cryder -Genesee River Headwaters Genesee River Kettle Beech Upper Pine West Branch Pine Upper West Branch Susquehanna River Bald Eagle Spring Troups Cowanesqu Young Womans Lower We Susqueh Penns 756 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

8 Mill -Mahoning River North Fork Little Beaver Kings -Ohio River Beaver River Montour Run-Ohio River Racoon Slippery Rock Little Connoquenessing Connoquenessing Pine Pennsylvania HUC8 and HUC10 Watersheds, SW Buffalo Allegheny River Turtle Allegheny River Kiskiminetas River Cowanshannock Plum Crooked Mahoning Two Lick Backlick Conemaugh River Little Mahoning Upper West Branch Susquehanna River Chest Yellow North Branch Blacklick Little Conemaugh River Clearfield Beaverdam Branch Moshannon Little Juniata River Lower Frankstown Branch Juniata River Bald Eagle Spruce Shaver Juniata River HUC 8 HUC 10 State Border Spring Standing Stone Juniata River Fishi Kishacoquill Upper Juniat Wheeling Middle Grave - Grave Fish Cross Buffalo Robinson Fork- Enlow Fork Dunkard Fork West Virginia Fork Fish Chartiers Tenmile South Fork Tenmile Dunkard Lower Monongahela River Upper Monongahela River Upper Monongahela River Lower Youghiogheny River Georges Lower Cheat River Redstone Sewickley Big Sandy Jacobs Middle Youghiogheny River Indian Upper Youghiogheny River Loyalhanna Laurel Hill Quemahoning Coxes Lower Casselman River Upper Casselman River Stonycreek River Shade Wills South Fork Little Conemaugh Evitts Bobs Dunning Upper Raystown Branch Juniata River Upper Frankstown Branch Juniata River Town Yellow Fifteenmile Middle Raystown Branch Juniata River Sideling Hill Great Trough Lower Raystown Branch Juniata River Brush Tonoloway Sideling Hill Aughwick Blacklog Cre Upper Co Licking West Branch Conococheague Little Tonoloway -Potomac River Rocky Spri Branch- Back Cree Kilometers Rocky Marsh Run- Potomac River 757 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

9 Eastern Mud Turtle Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G5T5 State Rank S1 IUCN Red List Northeast Region Federal Status Conservation Goal: LC Least Concern Not NE Regional SGCN Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Endangered Unknown Unknown Protect, augment (where needed), and maintain known populations; add one selfsustaining population within 10 years. Photo: Tom Diez Macrogroup HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Primary Secondary Coastal Plain Swamp Habitat North Atlantic Coastal Plain Basin Swamp and Wet Hardwood Forest Specific Habitat Requirements: Atlantic Coastal Plain wetlands with intact uplands. 758 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

10 Eastern Mud Turtle Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum THREATS AND ACTIONS 1.0 Residential and Commercial Development Specific Threat: Development can alter wetland hydrology, water quality, and fragment habitats, thus isolating populations. TRACS 11.0 Technical Assistance Continue consultations with developers to protect species habitats and incorporate habitat management into plans. Proactive land protection would also be beneficial. To prevent development related impacts to mud turtle populations. Number of consultations that protect eastern mud turtle habitat. Spot-check 25% of projects to confirm adherence to recommended mitigation actions. 1 Location: Associated Species: Physiographic Province: Atlantic Coastal Plains Redbelly turtle, northern cricket frog, eastern spadefoot, New Jersey chorus frog, wetland wildlife Climate Change and Severe Weather Specific Threat: Increased drought and dessication of wetlands (at one of the two sites) lead to direct mortality. TRACS 10.0 Species Reintroduction and Stocking Reintroduce eastern mud turtles at sites that are more resilient to drought situations. To reintroduce one population within the next 10 years. Reproductive success. Establish long-term monitoring program, radio-telemetry. 1 Location: Physiographic Province: Atlantic Coastal Plains 759 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

11 Eastern Mud Turtle Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum THREATS AND ACTIONS 4.0 Transportation and Service Corridors Specific Threat: Chemical spraying and heavy equipment moving. TRACS 1.0 Coordination and Administration Consult with utlitlity company to help guide Right-Of-Way (ROW) habitat management. To prevent improper ROW management. Number of sites properly managed (ROW). Spot-check 25% of projects to confirm adherence to recommended mitigation actions. 2 Location: Associated Species: Physiographic Province: Atlantic Coastal Plains Redbelly turtle, northern cricket frog, eastern spadefoot, New Jersey chorus frog, wetland wildlife. 1. Develop a reintroduction and augmentation protocol for the eastern mud turtle. 2. Evaluate effectiveness of reintroduction and augmentation initiatives. 3. Assess effectiveness of nest site protection. RESEARCH NEEDS 760 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

12 Eastern Mud Turtle Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum THREATS AND ACTIONS 4.0 Transportation and Service Corridors Specific Threat: Roadkills are a major source of mortality. 1. Develop and implement population monitoring protocol for extant sites. 2. Trap and transfer turtles from adjacent states (e.g., NJ, DE, MD). SURVEY NEEDS MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description No Current Programs 761 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

13 Spotted Turtle Clemmys guttata Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G5 Secure State Rank S3S4 IUCN Red List EN Endangered Northeast Region Very High Concern / Low Responsibility Federal Status Conservation Goal: Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Not Listed Unknown Relatively Stable (<=10% change) Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Photo: Tom Diez Macrogroup HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Primary Secondary Central Oak-Pine Northern Swamp Habitat Northeastern Interior Dry-Mesic Oak Forest North-Central Interior and Appalachian Rich Swamp Specific Habitat Requirements: Soft-bottomed aquatic habitats, including small streams, marshes, swamps, and vernal pools with upland forests or open habitats. 762 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

14 Spotted Turtle Clemmys guttata THREATS AND ACTIONS 5.0 Biological Resource Use Specific Threat: Poaching. TRACS 7.0 Law enforcement Train and support law enforcement in antipoaching efforts. Instruct all new officers (new officer classes) and update experienced officers in anti-poaching (once every 5 years). Location: Associated Species: Physiographic Province: Statewide Number of trainings. All native amphibian and reptile species, especially those deemed vulnerable to the black market trade. 1.0 Residential and Commercial Development Specific Threat: Development can alter wetland hydrology, water quality, and fragment habitats, thus isolating populations. Determine officer readiness through tests at the end of training. 1 TRACS 9.0 Planning Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Statewide 763 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

15 Spotted Turtle Clemmys guttata THREATS AND ACTIONS 4.0 Transportation and Service Corridors Specific Threat: Roads fragment habitats, create corridors for invasive species spread, disrupt movement corridors, and alter site microclimate. TRACS 9.0 Planning Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Statewide RESEARCH NEEDS 1. Investigate various causes of mortality to all life stages of turtles (i.e., predation, road mortality, collecting) to determine the relative impact of each, including determination of methods to reduce mortality during critical life stages. 2. Examine the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on population viability and dispersal, particularly in relation to metapopulation dynamics. SURVEY NEEDS 1. The most pressing research need is to implement a thorough status assessment and monitoring program for the species. Intensive surveys are needed to determine present distribution and status, particularly in areas of the state with historic records of occurrence but no recent sightings, as well as areas that have not been adequately surveyed. These surveys should be followed up with monitoring activities at selected sites to detect changes in numbers. 764 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

16 Spotted Turtle Clemmys guttata MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description No Current Programs 765 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

17 Wood Turtle Glyptemys insculpta Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G3 Vulnerable State Rank S3S4 IUCN Red List EN Endangered Northeast Region Very High Concern / High Responsibility Federal Status Conservation Goal: Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Not Listed Unknown Relatively Stable (<=10% change) Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Photo: Jackie Carey Macrogroup Primary Small Rivers HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Secondary Habitat Moderate Gradient, Cool, Small River Specific Habitat Requirements: Large streams and associated riparian and forested habitats (edge habitats) with thick cover, sunlight, and food availability. Nesting habitat is open-canopy riparian thickets, well-drained soils with sparse vegetation. 766 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

18 Wood Turtle Glyptemys insculpta THREATS AND ACTIONS 5.0 Biological Resource Use Specific Threat: Poaching. TRACS 7.0 Law enforcement Train and support law enforcement in antipoaching efforts. Instruct all new officers (new officer classes) and update experienced officers in anti-poaching (once every 5 years). Location: Associated Species: Physiographic Province: Statewide Number of trainings. All native amphibian and reptile species, especially those deemed vulnerable to the black market trade. 1.0 Residential and Commercial Development Specific Threat: Habitat loss and fragmentation through residential and commercial development. Determine officer readiness through tests at the end of training. 1 TRACS 9.0 Planning Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities; wood turtle Competitive State & Tribal Wildlife Grant report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Statewide 767 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

19 Wood Turtle Glyptemys insculpta THREATS AND ACTIONS 3.0 Energy Production and Mining Specific Threat: Habitat loss and fragmentation from industrial development. TRACS 9.0 Planning Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities; wood turtle Competitive State & Tribal Wildlife Grant report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Statewide 4.0 Transportation and Service Corridors Specific Threat: Mortality and habitat fragmentation from road and railroad corridors. TRACS 9.0 Planning Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities; wood turtle Competitive State & Tribal Wildlife Grant report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Statewide RESEARCH NEEDS 1. Examine nesting ecology and nesting habitats of G. insculpta in Pennsylvania, including identification of critical nesting habitats in need of protection or management. 2. Assess relationships between G. insculpta population dynamics and specific agricultural and forest management practices. 768 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

20 Wood Turtle Glyptemys insculpta 1. Continue species occurrence surveys to confirm sites and search for additional records. 2. Continue long-term monitoring sampling of established sites. SURVEY NEEDS MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description Conservation Planning and Implementation for the Wood Turtle and Associated Riparian Species of Greatest Conservation Need from Maine to Virginia. Massachusetts Dept. Fish and Wildlife To identify, protect, manage, and enhance functional riparian and riverine habitats for wildlife in New England, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, and the District of Columbia through coordinated conservation actions identified in the (NEAFWA RCN) Wood Turtle Status Assessment, outlined in SWAPs across the region, and necessary to support healthy and persistent populations of wood turtles and other riparian and riverine Species of Greatest Conservation Need. 769 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

21 Bog Turtle Glyptemys muhlenbergii Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G3 Vulnerable State Rank S2 IUCN Red List CR Critically Endangere Northeast Region Very High Concern / High Responsibility Federal Status Conservation Goal: Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Endangered Unknown Decline of 11-40% Implement habitat protection and restoration measures as per Species Plan. Continue to acquire and/or secure easements for occupied bog turtle habitat. Continue to manage succession and invasive plant species in occupied bog turtle habitat. Complete historic site surveys, continue gap area surveys. Photo: Tom Diez Macrogroup Primary #N/A HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Secondary #N/A Habitat Lotic Specific Habitat Requirements: Sunny, emergent, early-successional wetlands with dense tussock sedge and other tussock-forming vegetation, soft mud and shallow water. 770 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

22 Bog Turtle Glyptemys muhlenbergii 1.0 Residential and Commercial Development THREATS AND ACTIONS Specific Threat: Development can alter wetland hydrology, water quality, and fragment habitats, thus isolating populations. TRACS 11.0 Technical Assistance Continue consultations with developers to protect species habitats and incorporate habitat management into plans. Proactive land protection would also be beneficial. To prevent development related impacts to bog turtle populations. Number of consultations that protect bog turtle habitat. Spot-check 25% of projects to confirm adherence to recommended mitigation actions. 1 Location: Physiographic Province: New England, Piedmont, Ridge and Valley Associated Species: Spotted turtles, wetland birds. 5.0 Biological Resource Use Specific Threat: Poaching/ illegal trade. TRACS 7.0 Law enforcement Train and support law enforcement in antipoaching efforts. Instruct all new officers (new officer classes) and update experienced officers in anti-poaching (once every 5 years). Location: Associated Species: Physiographic Province: New England, Piedmont, Ridge and Valley Number of trainings. All native amphibian and reptile species, especially those deemed vulnerable to the black market trade. Determine officer readiness through tests at the end of training Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

23 Bog Turtle Glyptemys muhlenbergii THREATS AND ACTIONS 7.0 Natural System Modifications Specific Threat: Succession of habitats from early seral stage wetlands to wooded swamps. TRACS 2.0 Direct Management of Natural Resources Complete management plans for protected sites. Manage habitat, through grazing and other forms of vegetation management, to become suitable for bog turtle nesting. Initiate restoration in early successional wetland habitat as deemed necessary. Complete management plans for 100% of protected sites; implement management at acres per year. Number of management plans, number of acres managed. Use regionally developed longterm monitoring strategy. 1 Location: Associated Species: Physiographic Province: New England, Piedmont, Ridge and Valley Spotted turtles, wetland birds. 8.0 Invasive and Other Problematic Species and Genes Specific Threat: Various invasive plants (e.g., Reed Canary Grass and Phragmites) will eliminate nesting habitats if left unchecked. TRACS 2.0 Direct Management of Natural Resources Complete management plans for protected sites. Manage habitat, through grazing and other forms of vegetation management, to become suitable for bog turtle nesting. Initiate restoration in early successional wetland habitat as deemed necessary. Complete management plans for 100% of protected sites; implement management at acres per year. Number of management plans, number of acres managed. Use regionally developed longterm monitoring strategy. 1 Location: Associated Species: Physiographic Province: New England, Piedmont, Ridge and Valley Spotted turtles, wetland birds. 772 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

24 Bog Turtle Glyptemys muhlenbergii THREATS AND ACTIONS 4.0 Transportation and Service Corridors Specific Threat: Roads are major sources of mortality, fragment habitats, create corridors for invasive species spread, and alter site chemistry. TRACS 9.0 Planning Design and implement wildlife crossings for identified travel corridors. To reduce roadkills by installing 5 wildlife crossings (e.g., drift fence/culvert) in 10 years. Number of crossings installed, number of roadkills. Annual inspections of structure; use trailcams to monitor use of structures during active season; count annual roadkills. 2 Location: Associated Species: Physiographic Province: New England, Piedmont, Ridge and Valley Aquatic turtles, riparian zone species. RESEARCH NEEDS 1. Develop spatially explicit metrics to prioritize and rank bog turtle sites within each recovery unit, for survey effort, habitat protection, population and habitat management, and other conservation actions. 3. Evaluate response of bog turtles to habitat restoration actions. 2. Survey sites where a mortality event recent occurred (>5 dead turtles within the same year) to identify the cause. SURVEY NEEDS 1. Complete assessment of historic sites, continue to survey and assess gap areas in range of bog turtle. 2. Perform pre- and post-habitat monitoring surveys at restored or managed sites, particularly at sites where NRCS is funding work. 3. Collect, organize and enter existing EO and survey data into a centralized, secure database. 773 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

25 Bog Turtle Glyptemys muhlenbergii MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description Multistate Recovery s for the Bog Turtle and Associated Headwater Wetland Species of Greatest Conservation Need Northeast Regional Population and Habitat for the Bog Turtle Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission MACHAC Implement competitve state wildlife grant to protect and maintain the northern population of bog turtle and its habitat through planning and implementation of conservation actions that will lead to the recovery of the species. Continue implementation of a previously developed standardized regional monitoring protocol (NFWF grant project), formalizing and expanding on intensive population and habitat sampling efforts. 774 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

26 Blanding's Turtle Emydoidea blandingii Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G4 Apparently secur State Rank S1 IUCN Red List EN Endangered Northeast Region Very High Concern / Low Responsibility Federal Status Conservation Goal: Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Candidate Unknown Unknown To establish a self-sustaining population of Blanding's turtles at one site in Pennsylvania. Photo: Tom Diez Macrogroup HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Primary Secondary Coastal Grassland & Shrubland Habitat Great Lakes Dune and Swale Specific Habitat Requirements: Mosaics of small marshes, wet meadows, small ponds, and slow moving streams. 775 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

27 Blanding's Turtle Emydoidea blandingii THREATS AND ACTIONS 1.0 Residential and Commercial Development Specific Threat: Improper habitat manipulation; roadkill; nest predation from overabundant predators. TRACS 9.0 Planning Implement Northeast Regional Blanding s Turtle Conservation Plan at the known site for this species. To establish a self-sustaining population of Blanding's turtles at one site in Pennsylvania. Population estimate. Nest site surveys and monitoring; mark-recapture surveys every five years. 2 Location: Physiographic Province: Central Lowland HUC4 Watershed: E. Lake Erie-Lake Erie RESEARCH NEEDS 1. Radiotrack all adult Blanding s turtles encountered and focus tracking efforts during the nesting season to locate nesting areas and determine reproductive status. 2. Evaluate feasibility and appropriateness of augmentation from other sites in the Lake Erie basin and reintroduction into Pymatuning and Conneaut systems. 3. Genetic investigation of PA specimens. SURVEY NEEDS 1. Continue distributional survey efforts: Inventory resources should be spent examining habitats within the range to establish the present distribution of the Blanding's turtle in Pennsylvania. 2. Continue monitoring the site for roadkill of Blanding s and other turtle species to evaluate road-crossing hotspots, and identify areas to place road crossing signs. 776 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

28 Blanding's Turtle Emydoidea blandingii MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description Conservation of Blanding's Turtle and associated wetland SGCN in the Northeas. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department To maintain and enhance functional wildlife habitat in New England, New York, and Pennsylvania by applying conservation principles and practices needed to support a healthy Blanding s turtle population. In the short-term, project partners will cooperate to develop a spatially-explicit conservation plan for Blanding s turtles and associated SGCN in the Northeast Region of the United States, initiate standardized monitoring of the species status, and initiate implementation of the Plan by managing habitat to reduce road mortality and engaging key partners to prioritize land acquisition, restoration, and management activities. In the long-term, conservation partners will apply information developed through this grant to maintain viable populations of Blanding s turtle and associated SGCN. 777 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

29 Eastern Redbelly Turtle Pseudemys rubriventris Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G5 Secure State Rank S2S3 IUCN Red List Northeast Region Federal Status Conservation Goal: NT Near Threatened High Concern / High Responsibility Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Threatened Unknown Relatively Stable (<=10% change) Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will lead to delisting of the species. Photo: Tom Diez Macrogroup HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Primary Secondary Coastal Plain Swamp Habitat North Atlantic Coastal Plain Basin Swamp and Wet Hardwood Forest Specific Habitat Requirements: Relatively deep waterbodies such as moderate gradient rivers, reservoirs, ponds, and marshes. 778 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

30 Eastern Redbelly Turtle Pseudemys rubriventris THREATS AND ACTIONS 1.0 Residential and Commercial Development Specific Threat: Development of uplands destroys nesting habitat, and redevelopment of industrial sites often results in alteration of former industrial waste ponds, now occupied habitat. TRACS 11.0 Technical Assistance Continue consultations with developers to protect species habitats and incorporate habitat management into plans. Proactive land protection would also be beneficial. To prevent development related impacts to redbelly turtle populations. Number of consultations that protect redbelly turtle habitat. Spot-check 25% of projects to confirm adherence to recommended mitigation actions. 1 Location: Associated Species: HUC6 Watershed: Lwr Delaware, Lwr Susquehanna, Potomac Aquatic turtles, riparian zone species. 1.0 Residential and Commercial Development Specific Threat: Development of uplands destroys nesting habitat. TRACS 11.0 Technical Assistance Continue consultations with developers to protect species habitats and incorporate habitat management into plans. Proactive land protection would also be beneficial. To prevent development related impacts to redbelly turtle populations. Number of consultations that protect redbelly turtle habitat. Spot-check 25% of projects to confirm adherence to recommended mitigation actions. 1 Location: Associated Species: HUC6 Watershed: Lwr Delaware, Lwr Susquehanna, Potomac Aquatic turtles, riparian zone species. 779 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

31 Eastern Redbelly Turtle Pseudemys rubriventris THREATS AND ACTIONS 3.0 Energy Production and Mining Specific Threat: Proposed gravel mining and winter dredging at riverine and wetland sites in the extreme SE portion of the range can destroy habitats and kill brumating turtles. TRACS 11.0 Technical Assistance Continue consultations with developers to protect species habitats and incorporate habitat management into plans. Proactive land protection would also be beneficial. To prevent development related impacts to redbelly turtle populations. Number of consultations that protect redbelly turtle habitat. Spot-check 25% of projects to confirm adherence to recommended mitigation actions. 1 Location: Associated Species: HUC6 Watershed: Lwr Delaware, Lwr Susquehanna, Potomac Aquatic turtles, riparian zone species. 4.0 Transportation and Service Corridors Specific Threat: Wave action in Delaware River relegates basking to sheltered coves and compromises aquatic vegetation beds where juveniles forage. TRACS 9.0 Planning Enhance habitat; manage nest sites; and add basking structures at protected sites. Propose management plans at 50% of publicly owned eastern redbelly turtle properties in the next 10 years. Number of sites under management. Monitor use of basking platforms and nest sites once every five years at each managed site. 2 Location: Associated Species: HUC6 Watershed: Lwr Delaware, Lwr Susquehanna, Potomac Aquatic turtles, riparian zone species. 780 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

32 Eastern Redbelly Turtle Pseudemys rubriventris THREATS AND ACTIONS 8.0 Invasive and Other Problematic Species and Genes Specific Threat: Subsidized meso-predators in the SE Pennsylvania are responsible for major nest depredations. TRACS 9.0 Planning Enhance habitat; manage nest sites; and add basking structures at protected sites. Propose management plans at 50% of publicly owned eastern redbelly turtle properties in the next 10 years. Number of sites under management. Monitor use of basking platforms and nest sites once every five years at each managed site. 2 Location: Associated Species: HUC6 Watershed: Lwr Delaware, Lwr Susquehanna, Potomac Aquatic turtles, riparian zone species. 8.0 Invasive and Other Problematic Species and Genes Specific Threat: Competition from Red-eared Sliders; reduced nest site availability due to invasive vegetation. TRACS 9.0 Planning Enhance habitat; manage nest sites; and add basking structures at protected sites. Propose management plans at 50% of publicly owned eastern redbelly turtle properties in the next 10 years. Number of sites under management. Monitor use of basking platforms and nest sites once every five years at each managed site. 2 Location: Associated Species: HUC6 Watershed: Lwr Delaware, Lwr Susquehanna, Potomac Aquatic turtles, riparian zone species. 781 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

33 Eastern Redbelly Turtle Pseudemys rubriventris THREATS AND ACTIONS 4.0 Transportation and Service Corridors Specific Threat: Mortality and habitat fragmentation from road and railroad corridors. TRACS 9.0 Planning Design and implement wildlife crossings for identified travel corridors. To reduce roadkills by installing 5 wildlife crossings (e.g., drift fence/culvert) in 10 years. Number of crossings installed, number of roadkills. Annual inspections of structure; use trailcams to monitor use of structures during active season; count annual roadkills. 3 Location: Associated Species: HUC6 Watershed: Lwr Delaware, Lwr Susquehanna, Potomac Aquatic turtles, riparian zone species. RESEARCH NEEDS 1. Conduct habitat use and movement study of riverine redbelly turtles; turtles inhabiting impoundments and ponds are relatively easy to manage and study, but redbelly turtles in Pennsylvania also occur in large river systems. A better understanding of the habitat use of the turtles in these rivers with regards to basking, nesting, foraging, and hibernating is critical to protection of these habitats. Radio telemetry techniques will be necessary to better understand the daily and seasonal movements of riverine redbellies. 3. Nesting success: anecdotal evidence indicates high levels of nest predation on redbelly turtle nests. A survey of two or more sites should be done to gather more information about preferred habitats for nesting, identify predators, determine average date of emergence, and make recommendations for improving nesting success. 2. Conduct a mark-recapture study of several established sites across the range in Pennsylvania would assist in identifying the density, age-class distribution, and reproductive success of the redbelly in Pennsylvania. Studies should be designed in a manner that can be repeated or adapted for long-term monitoring. SURVEY NEEDS 1. Continue distributional survey efforts: Inventory resources should be spent following-up on reported eastern redbelly turtle sightings and examining habitats within the range to establish the present distribution of the eastern redbelly turtle in Pennsylvania. 782 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

34 Eastern Redbelly Turtle Pseudemys rubriventris MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description Periodic monitoring of basking structure use by redbelly turtles. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission The PFBC Habitat Lake Section monitors the structures and their use in lakes across the range where structures have been placed by PFBC. 783 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

35 Eastern Box Turtle Terrapene carolina carolina Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G5T5 State Rank S3S4 IUCN Red List VU Vulnerable Northeast Region Very High Concern / Low Responsibility Federal Status Conservation Goal: Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Not Listed Unknown Decline of 11-40% Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Photo: Tom Diez Macrogroup HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Primary Secondary Central Oak-Pine Habitat Northeastern Interior Dry-Mesic Oak Forest Specific Habitat Requirements: Deciduous forests, old fields, ecotonal areas, and marshy areas. 784 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

36 Eastern Box Turtle Terrapene carolina carolina THREATS AND ACTIONS 5.0 Biological Resource Use Specific Threat: Poaching. TRACS 7.0 Law enforcement Train and support law enforcement in antipoaching efforts. Instruct all new officers (new officer classes) and update experienced officers in anti-poaching (once every 5 years). Location: Associated Species: Physiographic Province: Statewide Number of trainings. All native amphibian and reptile species, especially those deemed vulnerable to the black market trade. 1.0 Residential and Commercial Development Specific Threat: Habitat loss and fragmentation through residential and commercial development. Determine officer readiness through tests at the end of training. 1 TRACS 9.0 Planning Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Statewide 4.0 Transportation and Service Corridors Specific Threat: Roads fragment habitats and disrupt movement corridors (roadkill). TRACS 9.0 Planning Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Statewide 785 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

37 Eastern Box Turtle Terrapene carolina carolina RESEARCH NEEDS SURVEY NEEDS 1. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description No Current Programs 786 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

38 Eastern Fence Lizard Sceloporus undulatus Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G5 Secure State Rank S3 IUCN Red List Northeast Region Federal Status Conservation Goal: LC Least Concern Not NE Regional SGCN Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Not Listed Unknown Unknown Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Photo: Ken Thomas Macrogroup HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Primary Secondary Central Oak-Pine Cliff and Talus Habitat Central Appalachian Dry Oak-Pine Forest North-Central Appalachian Acidic Cliff and Talus Specific Habitat Requirements: Open rock faces and talus in forest. 787 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

39 Eastern Fence Lizard Sceloporus undulatus THREATS AND ACTIONS 0.0 Unknown/undetermined Specific Threat: Unknown/undetermined TRACS 9.0 Planning Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Statewide RESEARCH NEEDS 1. None SURVEY NEEDS 1. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description No Current Programs 788 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

40 Northern Coal Skink Plestiodon anthracinus anthracinus Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G5T5 State Rank S3 IUCN Red List LC Least Concern Northeast Region Very High Concern / High Responsibility Federal Status Conservation Goal: Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Not Listed Unknown Relatively Stable (<=10% change) Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Photo: Jackie Carey Macrogroup HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Primary Secondary Northern Hardwood & Conifer Central Oak-Pine Habitat Appalachian (Hemlock)-Northern Hardwood Forest Central Appalachian Dry Oak-Pine Forest Specific Habitat Requirements: Open habitat (less than 50 percent canopy cover by trees) where rocks and logs provide abundant cover. 789 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

41 Northern Coal Skink Plestiodon anthracinus anthracinus THREATS AND ACTIONS 0.0 Unknown/undetermined Specific Threat: Unknown/undetermined TRACS 9.0 Planning Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Appalachian Plateaus, Ridge and Valley RESEARCH NEEDS 1. None SURVEY NEEDS 1. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description No Current Programs 790 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

42 Broadhead Skink Plestiodon laticeps Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G5 Secure State Rank S2 IUCN Red List Northeast Region Federal Status Conservation Goal: LC Least Concern High Concern / Low Responsibility Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Candidate Unknown Relatively Stable (<=10% change) Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Photo: Tom Diez Macrogroup HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Primary Secondary Central Oak-Pine Habitat Northeastern Interior Dry-Mesic Oak Forest Specific Habitat Requirements: Deciduous forests with an abundance of dead standing timber, large stumps, and hollow logs. 791 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

43 Broadhead Skink Plestiodon laticeps THREATS AND ACTIONS 4.0 Transportation and Service Corridors Specific Threat: Roads fragment habitats, create corridors for invasive species spread, disrupt movement corridors, and alter site microclimate. Utility line maintenance causes mortality from pesticides and heavy equipment use. TRACS 1.0 Coordination and Administration Consult with utlitlity company to help guide Right-Of-Way (ROW) habitat management. To prevent improper ROW management. Number of sites properly managed for species. Assess habitat of occupied sites every five years. 2 Location: Physiographic Province: Piedmont 1.0 Residential and Commercial Development Specific Threat: Illegal collecting. TRACS 9.0 Planning Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Piedmont RESEARCH NEEDS 1. None SURVEY NEEDS 1. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. 792 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

44 Broadhead Skink Plestiodon laticeps MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description No Current Programs 793 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

45 Eastern Worm Snake Carphophis amoenus amoenus Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G5T5 State Rank S2 IUCN Red List Northeast Region Federal Status Conservation Goal: LC Least Concern Not NE Regional SGCN Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Not Listed Unknown Unknown Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Photo: Tom Diez Macrogroup HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Primary Secondary Central Oak-Pine Habitat Northeastern Interior Dry-Mesic Oak Forest Specific Habitat Requirements: Moist forests and early successional habitats with soft or sandy soils suitable for burrowing (Hulce et al. 2001). 794 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

46 Eastern Worm Snake Carphophis amoenus amoenus PFBC THREATS AND ACTIONS 0.0 Unknown/undetermined Specific Threat: Unknown/undetermined TRACS 9.0 Planning Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Ridge and Valley RESEARCH NEEDS 1. None SURVEY NEEDS 1. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description No Current Programs 795 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

47 Kirtland's Snake Clonophis kirtlandii Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G2 Imperiled State Rank SH IUCN Red List Northeast Region Federal Status Conservation Goal: NT Near Threatened Not NE Regional SGCN Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Endangered Unknown Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Photo: Tom Diez Macrogroup HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Primary Secondary Northern Hardwood & Conifer Habitat South-Central Interior Mesophytic Forest Specific Habitat Requirements: Damp vacant lots with debris for cover; open, damp woods/grassy areas in urban/suburban areas; prairie wetlands, wet meadows, grassy edges of creeks, streams, and ponds and relatively open, wet woods (often in urban/suburban settings) with crayfish burrows. 796 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

48 Kirtland's Snake Clonophis kirtlandii THREATS AND ACTIONS 0.0 Unknown/undetermined Specific Threat: Unknown/undetermined TRACS 9.0 Planning Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Appalachian Plateaus RESEARCH NEEDS 1. In the event that a population is discovered in Pennsylvania, a radio telemetry study should immediately occur to focus on habitat delineation and use and a population estimate. 1. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. SURVEY NEEDS 2. Conduct thorough presence and inferred absence surveys of historical sites using survey protocol soon developed by USFWS. MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description No Current Programs 797 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

49 Eastern Hognose Snake Heterodon platirhinos Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G5 Secure State Rank S3S4 IUCN Red List LC Least Concern Northeast Region Very High Concern / Low Responsibility Federal Status Conservation Goal: Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Not Listed Unknown Relatively Stable (<=10% change) Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Photo: Tom Diez Macrogroup HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Primary Secondary Central Oak-Pine Central Oak-Pine Habitat Northeastern Interior Dry-Mesic Oak Forest Central Appalachian Dry Oak-Pine Forest Specific Habitat Requirements: Sandy clearings in forests and grasslands. Often associated with sandy floodplains along waterways. 798 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

50 Eastern Hognose Snake Heterodon platirhinos THREATS AND ACTIONS 5.0 Biological Resource Use Specific Threat: Poaching. TRACS 7.0 Law enforcement Train and support law enforcement in antipoaching efforts. Instruct all new officers (new officer classes) and update experienced officers in anti-poaching (once every 5 years). Location: Associated Species: Physiographic Province: Appalachian Plateaus, Ridge and Valley Number of trainings. All native amphibian and reptile species, especially those deemed vulnerable to the black market trade. 1.0 Residential and Commercial Development Specific Threat: Habitat loss and fragmentation through residential and commercial development. Determine officer readiness through tests at the end of training. 1 TRACS 9.0 Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Location: Planning Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Physiographic Province: Appalachian Plateaus, Ridge and Valley Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

51 Eastern Hognose Snake Heterodon platirhinos THREATS AND ACTIONS 4.0 Transportation and Service Corridors Specific Threat: Roads fragment habitats, create corridors for invasive species spread, disrupt movement corridors. TRACS 9.0 Planning Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Appalachian Plateaus, Ridge and Valley RESEARCH NEEDS 1. Radio telemetry study focused on seasonal habitat use. SURVEY NEEDS 1. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description No Current Programs 800 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

52 Rough Green Snake Opheodrys aestivus Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G5 Secure State Rank S1S2 IUCN Red List Northeast Region Federal Status Conservation Goal: LC Least Concern High Concern / Low Responsibility Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Protect and maintain known rough green snake populations. Endangered Unknown Relatively Stable (<=10% change) Photo: Tom Diez Macrogroup HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Primary Secondary Glade, Barren and Savanna Central Oak-Pine Habitat Eastern Serpentine Woodland Northeastern Interior Dry-Mesic Oak Forest Specific Habitat Requirements: Riparian thickets and lake shores where trees or woody shrubs (1-3 meters in height) dominate the vegetation. 801 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

53 Rough Green Snake Opheodrys aestivus THREATS AND ACTIONS 1.0 Residential and Commercial Development Specific Threat: Habitat loss and fragmentation through residential and commercial development. TRACS 11.0 Technical Assistance Continue consultations with developers to protect species habitats and incorporate habitat management into plans. Proactive land protection would also be beneficial. To prevent development related impacts to rough green snake populations. Number of consultations that protect rough green snake habitat. Spot-check 25% of projects to confirm adherence to recommended mitigation actions. 1 Location: Associated Species: Physiographic Province: Piedmont Smooth earth snake. 4.0 Transportation and Service Corridors Specific Threat: Roads fragment habitats, create corridors for invasive species spread, disrupt movement corridors. TRACS 11.0 Technical Assistance Continue consultations with developers to protect species habitats and incorporate habitat management into plans. Proactive land protection would also be beneficial. To prevent development related impacts to rough green snake populations. Number of consultations that protect rough green snake habitat. Spot-check 25% of projects to confirm adherence to recommended mitigation actions. 1 Location: Associated Species: Physiographic Province: Piedmont Smooth earth snake. 802 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

54 Rough Green Snake Opheodrys aestivus THREATS AND ACTIONS 1.0 Residential and Commercial Development Specific Threat: Sites on public lands managed for recreation/ rare plants, in conflict with best management for this species TRACS 1.0 Coordination and Administration Coordinate with state and local partners to properly manage habitat. Propose management plans at all publicly owned rough green snake properties in the next 10 years. Number of management plans finalized, acres of land under targeted management. Prepare annual report on habitat managed, protected, and outreach events. 2 Location: Associated Species: Physiographic Province: Piedmont Smooth earth snake. 4.0 Transportation and Service Corridors Specific Threat: Utility line maintenance causes mortality from pesticides and heavy equipment use. TRACS 1.0 Coordination and Administration Consult with utlitlity company to help guide Right-Of-Way (ROW) habitat management. To prevent improper ROW management. Number of sites properly managed for species. Assess habitat of occupied sites every five years. 2 Location: Associated Species: Physiographic Province: Piedmont Smooth earth snake. 803 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

55 Rough Green Snake Opheodrys aestivus THREATS AND ACTIONS 5.0 Biological Resource Use Specific Threat: Poaching. TRACS 7.0 Law enforcement Train and support law enforcement in antipoaching efforts. Instruct all new officers (new officer classes) and update experienced officers in anti-poaching (once every 5 years). Location: Associated Species: Physiographic Province: Piedmont Number of trainings. All native amphibian and reptile species, especially those deemed vulnerable to the black market trade. 7.0 Natural System Modifications Specific Threat: Habitat succession to closed canopy oak/hickory forest. Determine officer readiness through tests at the end of training. 2 TRACS 1.0 Coordination and Administration Coordinate with state and local partners to properly manage habitat. Propose management plans at all publicly owned rough green snake properties in the next 10 years. Number of management plans finalized, acres of land under targeted management. Prepare annual report on habitat managed, protected, and outreach events. 2 Location: Physiographic Province: Piedmont Associated Species: Smooth earth snake. RESEARCH NEEDS 1. Conduct a radio telemetry study focused on habitat delineation and use; the primary published literature on habitat use by this species is from Arkansas and appears very different from what has been observed in PA. 1. Survey and develop population estimates at known sites. 2. Continued survey for the species within the known range in Pennsylvania. SURVEY NEEDS 804 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

56 Rough Green Snake Opheodrys aestivus MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description No Current Programs 805 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

57 Queen Snake Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Regina septemvittata CONSERVATION PROFILE Global Rank G5 Secure State Rank IUCN Red List LC Least Concern PA Legal Status Not Listed Northeast Region Very High Concern / Low Responsibility Federal Status Not Listed S3S4 PA Abundance Unknown PA Short-Term Relatively Stable (<=10% Trend (10 year) change) Conservation Goal: Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Photo: Tom Diez HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Macrogroup Habitat Primary Secondary Northern Hardwood & Conifer Northern Hardwood & Conifer Appalachian (Hemlock)-Northern Hardwood Forest South-Central Interior Mesophytic Forest Specific Habitat Requirements: Descriptions of the habitat of this species are fairly variable and include small, shallow streams, rivers, lakes, and marshes (Conant 1960; Ernst & Ernst 2003; Gibbons & Dorcas 2004). 806 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

58 Queen Snake Regina septemvittata THREATS AND ACTIONS 1.0 Residential and Commercial Development Specific Threat: Habitat loss and fragmentation through residential and commercial development. TRACS 9.0 Planning Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Piedmont, Ridge and Valley, Appalachian Plateaus, Central Lowland 7.0 Natural System Modifications Specific Threat: Succession from shrub and emergent stream banks to closed canopy eliminates basking habitats particularly for gravid females. TRACS 9.0 Planning Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Piedmont, Ridge and Valley, Appalachian Plateaus, Central Lowland 807 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

59 Queen Snake Regina septemvittata THREATS AND ACTIONS 9.0 Pollution Specific Threat: Environmental pollutants and diseases cause mortality and disrupt reproductive cycle. TRACS 9.0 Planning Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Piedmont, Ridge and Valley, Appalachian Plateaus, Central Lowland RESEARCH NEEDS 1. None SURVEY NEEDS 1. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description No Current Programs 808 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

60 Eastern Ribbonsnake Thamnophis sauritus Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G5T5 State Rank S3 IUCN Red List LC Least Concern Northeast Region Very High Concern / Low Responsibility Federal Status Conservation Goal: Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Not Listed Unknown Relatively Stable (<=10% change) Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Photo: Tom Diez Macrogroup HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Primary Secondary Central Oak-Pine Northern Hardwood & Conifer Habitat Northeastern Interior Dry-Mesic Oak Forest Appalachian (Hemlock)-Northern Hardwood Forest Specific Habitat Requirements: Riparian edges of emergent marshes, bogs, streams, rivers, ponds and lakes with with dense sedges, grasses, rushes, and emergent shrubs, and lots of frogs. 809 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

61 Eastern Ribbonsnake Thamnophis sauritus THREATS AND ACTIONS 0.0 Unknown/undetermined Specific Threat: Unknown/undetermined TRACS 9.0 Planning Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Piedmont, Ridge and Valley, Appalachian Plateaus, Central Lowland RESEARCH NEEDS 1. None SURVEY NEEDS 1. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description No Current Programs 810 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

62 Shorthead Garter Snake Thamnophis brachystoma Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G4 Apparently secur State Rank S4 IUCN Red List Northeast Region Federal Status Conservation Goal: LC Least Concern Low Concern / High Responsibility Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Not Listed Unknown Relatively Stable (<=10% change) Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Photo: Tom Diez Macrogroup HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Primary Secondary Wet Meadow / Shrub Marsh Cliff and Talus Habitat Laurentian-Acadian Wet Meadow- Shrub Swamp North-Central Appalachian Acidic Cliff and Talus Specific Habitat Requirements: Riparian old fields and meadows with grasses, sedges, low herbaceous growth, and early successional perennials. 811 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

63 Shorthead Garter Snake Thamnophis brachystoma THREATS AND ACTIONS 0.0 Unknown/undetermined Specific Threat: Unknown/undetermined TRACS 9.0 Planning Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Appalachian Plateaus RESEARCH NEEDS 1. None SURVEY NEEDS 1. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description No Current Programs 812 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

64 Eastern Smooth Earth Snake Virginia valeriae valeriae Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G5T5 State Rank SH IUCN Red List Northeast Region Federal Status Conservation Goal: LC Least Concern Not NE Regional SGCN Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Not Listed Unknown Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Photo: USGS Macrogroup HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Primary Secondary Glade, Barren and Savanna Habitat Eastern Serpentine Woodland Specific Habitat Requirements: Deciduous forests and adjacent open areas. 813 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

65 Eastern Smooth Earth Snake Virginia valeriae valeriae PFBC THREATS AND ACTIONS 0.0 Unknown/undetermined Specific Threat: Unknown/undetermined TRACS 9.0 Planning Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Piedmont RESEARCH NEEDS 1. None SURVEY NEEDS 1. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description No Current Programs 814 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

66 Mountain Earth Snake Virginia valeriae pulchra Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G5T3T4 State Rank S3 IUCN Red List Northeast Region Federal Status Conservation Goal: < 4 States / High Responsibility Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Not Listed Unknown Relatively Stable (<=10% change) Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Photo: Tom Diez Macrogroup Primary Cliff and Talus HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Secondary Central Oak-Pine Habitat North-Central Appalachian Acidic Cliff and Talus Northeastern Interior Dry-Mesic Oak Forest Specific Habitat Requirements: Deciduous/mixed forests; moderate to steep hillsides with an abundance of rocky cover and vegetation. 815 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

67 Mountain Earth Snake Virginia valeriae pulchra PFBC THREATS AND ACTIONS 0.0 Unknown/undetermined Specific Threat: Unknown/undetermined TRACS 9.0 Planning Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Appalachian Plateaus RESEARCH NEEDS 1. None SURVEY NEEDS 1. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description No Current Programs 816 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

68 Copperhead Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Agkistrodon contortrix CONSERVATION PROFILE Global Rank G5 Secure State Rank IUCN Red List LC Least Concern PA Legal Status Not Listed Northeast Region High Concern / Low Responsibility Federal Status Not Listed S3S4 PA Abundance Unknown PA Short-Term Relatively Stable (<=10% Trend (10 year) change) Conservation Goal: Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Photo: Tom Diez HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Macrogroup Habitat Primary Secondary Central Oak-Pine Central Oak-Pine Central Appalachian Dry Oak-Pine Central Appalachian Pine-Oak Rocky Forest Woodland Specific Habitat Requirements: Open, rocky areas in deciduous hardwood forest with low surface vegetation, reduced amounts of shade, and soil temperatures elevated by sunlight. 817 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

69 Copperhead Agkistrodon contortrix THREATS AND ACTIONS 5.0 Biological Resource Use Specific Threat: Excessive collection, poaching, wanton killing. TRACS 7.0 Law enforcement Train and support law enforcement in antipoaching efforts. Instruct all new officers (new officer classes) and update experienced officers in anti-poaching (once every 5 years). Location: Associated Species: Physiographic Province: Appalachian Plateaus, Piedmont, Ridge and Valley Number of trainings. All native amphibian and reptile species, especially those deemed vulnerable to the black market trade. 1.0 Residential and Commercial Development Specific Threat: Habitat loss and fragmentation through residential and commercial development. Determine officer readiness through tests at the end of training. 1 TRACS 9.0 Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Location: Planning Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Physiographic Province: Appalachian Plateaus, Piedmont, Ridge and Valley Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

70 Copperhead Agkistrodon contortrix THREATS AND ACTIONS 4.0 Transportation and Service Corridors Specific Threat: Roads fragment habitats, create corridors for invasive species spread, disrupt movement corridors (roadkill). TRACS 9.0 Planning Improve knowledge of distribution and population parameters in order to establish conservation and management actions that will prevent further declines. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. Number of blocks surveyed (PARS). PARS annual report of activities. 3 Location: Physiographic Province: Appalachian Plateaus, Piedmont, Ridge and Valley RESEARCH NEEDS 1. None SURVEY NEEDS 1. Conduct targeted surveys across their range. MONITORING PROGRAMS Program Name Lead Agency Hyperlink Description No Current Programs 819 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles

71 Timber Rattlesnake Crotalus horridus Chris Urban, Kathy Gipe, Brandon Ruhe PA Fish & Boat Commission, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, The Mid-Atlantic Center for Herpetology and Conservation. Global Rank G4 Apparently secur State Rank S3S4 IUCN Red List LC Least Concern Northeast Region Very High Concern / Low Responsibility Federal Status Conservation Goal: Not Listed CONSERVATION PROFILE PA Legal Status PA Abundance PA Short-Term Trend (10 year) Candidate Unknown Relatively Stable (<=10% change) Protect and maintain known timber rattlesnake populations; monitor status; recover populations on the periphery of their range. Photo: Tom Diez Macrogroup HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS Primary Secondary Central Oak-Pine Central Oak-Pine Habitat Central Appalachian Dry Oak-Pine Forest Central Appalachian Pine-Oak Rocky Woodland Specific Habitat Requirements: Sandstone and/or limestone rock habitats in unfragmented oak-hickory forest communities. 820 Appendix 1.4 Reptiles