Training Pattern Designs for Professional Staffs in High-Speed Railway Sector

Transcription

1 Training Pattern Designs for Professional Staffs in High-Speed Railway Sector LIU Yingqi GUO Ming The Center for Infrastructure Research, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R.China, Abstract: With the development of China railway tends to safety, high speed and mass, the existing training pattern of professional technicians of High-speed Railway lags the times. The paper discussed the actualities and challenge of professional technicians of High-speed Railway, Based on the experiences of the pattern of professional technicians of High-speed railway of Germany and Japan, The paper create a new pattern of professional technicians of High-speed Railway. Key words: High-speed Railway, Training pattern, Professional technicians 1 Instruction With the development of China railway tend to safety, high speed and mass, the railway technical facilities have made a great progress. High speed railways have attained a higher speed by using many new technologies such as AC drive, lightening of frame, high-speed bogie, brake blending, microcomputer on-board, etc [1]. Because of the difference in technology, operation and management between high-speed railway and existing railway, the existing training pattern of professional technicians of High-speed Railway lags the times. So, we must resolve the problem that how to create a new training pattern of professional technicians of High-speed Railway on the base of absorbing foreign training pattern of professional technicians of High-speed Railway. Because of the fast development of the High-speed Railway, The researches of the pattern training of professional technicians of High-speed Railway are little. Hu Benjie (2006) [2], Song Xiude(2006) [3] and Wei Wenfang(2003) [4] do some research on the training of the professional technicians. But what they do pays more attention on the general introduction. The High-speed Railway uses the new technology, which is totally different from the existing railway. The existing training pattern meets many problems facing the High-way Railway development. We consulted the situation of the existing training pattern and the other developed countries training experiences to create a new training pattern of the professional technicians of the High-speed Railway has a very important meaning for our railway progress [5,6]. 2 the situation of training pattern of professional technicians of China Railway By the end of 2005, there are over 1.7 million workers in railway industry, skilled workers account for 80% of all workers; accounts for 62% of all skilled workers acquired professional certificate. The numbers of junior workers account for 4.4% of all skilled workers; the numbers of secondary workers achieve account for 28.7% of all skilled workers; the numbers of senior workers account for 27.3% of all skilled workers; the numbers of technicians account for 1.1% of all skilled workers; the numbers of senior technicians account for 0.5% of all skilled workers. The Ministry of Railway Labor and Health Bureau HR service center Railway Bureau Labor and Health Division Vocational education center Railway stations and depots Labor and Health Section Vocational education section 682

2 Figure 1 The abbreviate structure of the Ministry of Railway The training pattern of professional technicians of High-speed Railway is dispersed based on each railway bureau. The figure 1 represents the frame of railway system. 3 the challenge of professional technicians of High-speed Railway 3.1 The tendency of development of railway technology Many new technologies such as IT, automatization technologies, processing technologies and material technologies have made railway attain great progress in speed and loading Technologies of High-speed Railway High-speed railway is a system integration of many high-techs and merges latest science-and-technology developments, such as system integration, AC drive, brake blending, high-speed bogie, high-strength and light materials and structure, drag and noise reduction, airproof technology, modern control and analysis, etc. Take high-speed train as an example, it consists of the distillate of mechanics, electronics, control, communications, aerodynamics, environmental protection, etc. and it makes integration use of new production of computer, information technology, new materials, power and electric component, etc. By exploiting and applying AC drive, lightening of frame, high-speed bogie, brake blending, microcomputer on-board to it, after 40 years development, the length of high-speed railway is 6763 km, they distributed in 10 nations and regions including Japan, France etc. Now there are some other high-speed railway projects in progress and some are going to be carried out. We think that the development of high-speed railway has become a primary trend of future. High-speed Railway is characterized with speediness, safety, economy and large capacity in passenger transport market. Especially, the high-speed inter-city trains, running with high-density, as-frequent-as-buses and flexible marshalling, have the transport capacity that can not be caught up by highway and airline IT are applied in railway to increase management level The developed countries use IT to increase management level in railway. The modern IT and management means are used to promote many innovations about management modes and management means in railway industry. Many countries have realized Informationization and automatization in many aspects such as HR management, ER management, OA management and operation decision-making etc. The railway system of developed countries has already achieved the integration of communication signal, electromechanical integration, integration of station and section and trains unified command and control according to the integration of computer and communication technologies system. It greatly improved the transportation efficiency and safety reliability. 3.2 The need of HR created by High-speed Railway technologies With the great development of the railway, the high-speed railway will be 9800km in The gap between the existing technicians and the required technicians is great. For example, The need for the high-speed railway motor drivers will be 1000 persons in But now we only have 500 persons passed the exam and have the credits. At the same time, there is a great gap between our fact need and existing numbers of technicians. At present, the numbers of technicians acquired professional certificate account for 30% of all technicians; the rates of developed countries are 30%-40%. Especially, the numbers of technicians and senior technicians only account for 1% of all skilled workers, the numbers of senior technicians only account for 1% of all technicians, these two rates below the demand of 2% and 10% requested by Labor and Social Security sectors. The amounts of senior technicians must achieve demanded by railway department. In addition, all the new high-speed trains of high-speed railway consist of all kinds of advanced technologies. Especially with high-speed motor train set introduced into and used, it brings new concept of controlling and event handling. High-speed railway motor train set, as a new train type, makes its driver to master electronic technology and computer technology [7]. Traditional traffic control needs considering more about its daily manipulation, but the high-speed train driver cares more about 683

3 responses of unexpected incidents. In addition, the maintenance mode of high-speed railway motor train set changes the conventional professional model division. Motor train set needs a mix model contained motor train, trailer, electrical and electronic, computer applying, automation, web management and mechatronics. Because of the specificity and overall of the motor train set construct, and its characteristics of not allowing to arbitrarily divided and semi-trailed, the old professional model division has to change into the mode of motor train and trailer centralized. At present, most technicians are junior. The inferior workers can t fulfill the demand of increasing new technologies. 3.3 Problem The railway in our country is in the significant history point of reform. What make the organization mode of training talents with high-tech face new challenge in China is being used constantly. Our present training patterns have been lagged the demand of senior technicians of high-speed railway, the major problems are following: there are no enough funds to ensure the necessary training facilities. Now, the drivers of high-speed railway are trained by using stimulant high-speed railway. Train driving simulator now mostly carries out the training of high-speed railway operators in advanced countries. Through the training, train drivers can be familiar with the train environment and all kinds of signals, master the specification, understand operational processes, and mastery the methods of handling fault. Especially for the high-speed train drivers, they need to be trained their responses in any emergency situation repeat, but it is difficult to create the conditions of this kind of training in the actual manipulation. At the same time, high-speed train driving simulator can train drivers in high-density and high-intensity, save electricity or fuel consumption and provide safety protection. For example, the Germany driving simulator system cannot only establish digital 3D graphics to simulate the real line, but also imitate weather, signal and complex unexpected incidents well. However, these equipments are very expensive. If following the existing training organizational model, every railway bureau needs a high-speed railway-driving simulator to make sure every railway bureau has its own high-speed train drivers. It is impossible to our country, a developing country It s difficult to train many advanced skilled workers shortly. In developed countries, there are enough time to get training on new technologies and new equipments, in Germany, it will take 2 years to get certificate for the high-speed railway drivers, the training of drivers can be classed junior training, motorcycle type training, complementarily training, periodic training and annual drive monitor. With the development of modernization of railway facilities, more and more new technologies and new equipments increase drastically. At present, if we still employ the traditional training pattern, we will have no enough advanced technicians to promote the development of high-speed railway The training effect can t be ensured. Compared with the developed countries which have many professional technicians who have grasped the advanced technologies and equipments, the number and quality of our professional technicians of High-speed Railway are insufficient, which causes the advanced technologies and equipments are not used adequately. Based on this HR, if we still persist in our traditional training patterns in which every railway branch does the précis, book, training contents and training methods, the training effect can t be ensured The existing training resources can t be used efficiently. Because each railway branch has deficient numbers of schools and other educational resources, if each railway branch takes training independently, we will not use our training resources efficiently. 4 The foreign training pattern of professional technicians of High-speed Railway 4.1 Germany In Germany, there are series of professional training centers; employees from every department can get periodical study and retraining. The biggest and most absorbing professional training unit is training center of Germany Railway LTD. The training center has 6 branches in Germany and more than one 684

4 hundred training sites, the raining center is also the first training institute which has qualification authentication, which has 4 professional training sectors including more than 20 occupations and more than 2000 training locations. The training of railway drivers in Germany can be classed junior training, training for different types of trains, complementarily training, periodic training and annual drive monitor. The professional training of train driers in railway stations and depots spends about seven and a half month. It is an all-around training, which develops drivers abilities such as professional skills, methods of handling things, coordinating social relations, personality expression and executive capacity. The regular training of train drivers contains 12 hours major learning and 6 hours practical exercises for everybody in one year, and the training for driving simulation. 4.2 Japan The Japanese railway enterprises build sound research rule and research center by using different training methods and make staff dispatched in different research system. For example, in JR Eastern Japan, the major method is made of research combined with basic training. This system includes the post-service education, off-job training, correspondence course and learning assignments four parts. In addition, a comprehensive research center has been devoted to the staff training in JR East Railway Company, which covers hectares, m 2 area, with 37 classrooms, 558students hostels, 23 specialized laboratories and a total of 120 staff, training 23,000 people annually for the JR East Railway Company. 478m internship rail lines and 4 block trains are dedicated for the training of locomotive drivers. Moreover, the research center costs more than 300 million yen with a Shinkanse high-speed locomotive simulator, specifically for driving simulation training of high-speed locomotive drivers. 5 pattern of professional technicians of High-speed Railway The training of professional technicians of Railway is one of the key factors which can resolve the development methods of railway industry, the professional technicians who have grasped advanced technologies and equipments will decide that we can get competitive advantage. Our situation of railway development and professional technicians is different from that in foreign. First, railway has been in countries for longer time, these countries own technologies and equipments and have perfect training persons, training text and training equipments. Compared with their foreign counter partner, domestic technicians accept littler education. In the same time, most of railway technologies and equipments are transferred from foreign developed countries; the phenomena lead to a lack of training text. We must compile our training text in the context of our practice and search a new method to training. 5.1 The principle of establishing the training pattern of professional technicians of Railway The standardization of training Limited to the time, funds and HR etc. we must consider the standardization of training. With the development of high-speed railway, the need of professional technicians is enormous, in order to increase the effect of training, we should make the training facilities, training texts, training contents and training process standard. We can train some professional technicians and let them to retrain the others The efficiently utilization of training resources We should integrate HR, materials, funds and existing educational resources and build a pool of training experts all around countries. The existing educational resources must be centralized so as to increase training quality The efficiency and applicability of training processes. The integrated processes can use resources efficiently, in order to fulfill the demand for professional technicians in a given period; we must make a detailed plan to foster professional technicians. 5.2 The training pattern of professional technicians of Railway. According to the above principles, the training pattern of professional technicians of Railway should be following: 685

5 5.2.1 The training system of professional technicians of High-speed Railway The training system should include the Railway department training center, railway bureau regional training center and station-training base. The Railway department training center should service the whole railway system and layout the plan of training professional technicians and foster the experts of high-speed railway management, technicians and operators. The Railway bureau regional training center should answer for the plan, construction and management and integrate existing resources and build training base. We have seven Railway bureau regional training centers. The station should answer for the training of skilled worker and teach the basic skill. The training pattern of professional technicians of High-speed Railway based on the three-hierarchy construction is following: The Ministry of Railway Labor and Health Bureau HR service center Technicians training center Regional training center Station training base Figure 2 The training pattern of professional technicians of High-speed Railway The procedure of operation of training pattern of professional technicians of High-speed Railway The procedure of operation of training pattern of professional technicians of High-speed Railway is following: the railway department answers for the training plan of whole system; the training information are collected by regional training centers and transferred to instructive committee who give advice to The railway department training center. The Railway Department Training Center Instructive Committee instruction Training Institute of Railway Bureau Training for Important Project Training Institute of Station Figure 3 The procedure of operation 6 Conclusions The High-speed Railway will be the direction of the development of China Railway. The training 686

6 of professional technicians of Railway is one of the key factors which can resolve the development methods of railway industry, the professional technicians who have grasped advanced technologies and equipments will decide that we can get competitive advantage. The High-speed railways have attained a higher speed by using many new technologies, which are different from the existing technologies. As the result of the changes, the existing training pattern of professional technicians of High-speed Railway faced many new challenges such as the limitation of the time and funds, the experiences of training equipments. After researching the experiences of training pattern of professional technicians of High-speed railway of Germany and Japan, We draw the conclusion that the change of the pattern of the training will be the most effective way to solve the problem. Based on the principle of establishing the training pattern of professional technicians of Railway, We think the new training pattern of professional technicians of Railway should include the Railway department training center, railway bureau regional training center and station-training base. And we also give the procedure of operation of the new training pattern of professional technicians of High-speed Railway. Although there leave lots of things for the research of the new pattern, The new pattern was proved to be one of the effective way to solve the challenges facing by the existing pattern in the new motor drivers training recently. References [1]Yang Xiangming, The review of the overseas researches of technology of the High-speed train, Railway train vehicle worker, :1~6 [2] Hu Benjie, The measure of the optimized the structure of the railway human resource, Railway Freight, :24~25 [3]Song Xiude, Training the high technicians for the China Raliway s great development, China Labor, :57~58 [4]Wei wenfang, The research of the innovation of the railway human resource management, Guangdong Economy Monthly, :33~34 [5] Yu Changzhou, The Analyses between China and American in the enterprises Training, Heilongjiang Social journal, :67~68 [6]Jin Xiong, A Comparison between China and ROK in their enterprises Training Programs vs Some Enlightenments, Dongjiang Journal, :103~106 [7] Wang Lingchao, The application of the new technique in the railway signal system, Railway Quality Control, :7~9 687