ТОЛКОВНИК НА ТЕРМИНИ ВО ОБЛАСТА НА ЗАВАРУВАЊЕ
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1 ТОЛКОВНИК НА ТЕРМИНИ ВО ОБЛАСТА НА ЗАВАРУВАЊЕ Овој Толковник е изработен како дел од проектот Миграција за Развој на Западен Балкан (MIDWEB), финансиран од Европската Комисија, IPA 2009 Мултинаменска Програма 2. Информациите се собрани од изворите кои се уредно назначени во документот. Вложени се најголеми напори за да се обезбеди дека терминологијата и нејзиното објаснување се точни и ажурирани. Доколку забележите било какви грешки или пропусти ве молиме известете не. Наша политика е да ги поправиме грешките веднаш штом истите ќе се утврдат. Одговорност на корисниците е да ги бараат тековните и релевантните информации. Ноември 2011
2 ЗБОР ДЕФИНИЦИЈА ЗБОР (ДРЖАВЕН ЈАЗИК) Abrasive A material, such as sand, Абразив silicon or crushed stone, used for surface cleaning Acetylene Gas Alloy Alternating Current (AC) Arc Welding (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) Argon A chemical combination of two elements: carbon and hydrogen A metal that is made by mixing two or more metals, or a metal and another substance Is an electrical current in which magnitude and direction change in cycles, as opposed to direct current, in which direction is constant A welding process where similar materials are joined with a heating process caused by an electric arc. In the most common use, this process includes the use of a filler metal. Arc welding refers to a group of welding processes that use a welding power supply to create an electric arc between an electrode and the base material to melt the metals at the welding point. They can use either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current, and consumable or non-consumable electrodes. The welding region is sometimes protected by some type of inert or semi-inert gas, known as a shielding gas, and/or an evaporating filler material Is a chemical element designated by the symbol Ar. Argon has atomic number 18 and is the third element in group 18 of the periodic table (noble gases). Argon is Ацетиленски Гас Легура Наизменична Струја (НС) Електролачно (Заштитено Електролачно на Метали) Аргон ДЕФИНИЦИЈА (ДРЖАВЕН ЈАЗИК) Материјал, како песок, силикон или кршен камен, користен за чистење на површини Хемиска комбинација од два елементи: јаглерод и водород Метал кој е добиен со мешање на два или повеќе метали, или метал со друга супстанција Е електрична струја во која јачината и насоката се менуваат во циклуси, наспроти еднонасочната струја, во која насоката е постојана Процес на заварување каде слични материјали се спојуваат со процес на загревање предизвикан со електричен лак. Во најчестата употреба, овој процес ја вклучува употребата на дополнителен метал. Електролачното заварување се однесува на група на процеси на заварување кои користат електричен заварувач за да се создаде електричен лак помеѓу електрода и основен материјал за да се стопи металот на точката на заварување. Тие може да користат еднонасочна или наизменична струја, и топливи или нетопливи електроди. Регионот на заварување понекогаш е заштитен од некој вид на инертен или полу-инертен гас, познат како заштитен гас, и/или испарлив дополнителен материјал Е хемиски елемент означен со симболот Ar. Аргонот има атомски број 18 и е третиот елемент во групата 18 од периодичниот систем (благородни гасови). 1
3 Beveling Brazing Butt Joint (Butt Weld) Buzz Box Consumable & non consumable electrodes - Cutting Tip present in the Earth's atmosphere at slightly less than 1%, making it the most common noble gas on Earth. Preparing the ends of the pipes to be welded by machining them so that the angle of the edges is anything but 90 A process where metals are joined by using a filler metal that melts at a temperature above 450ºC A joint (or weld) where the two pieces being connected come directly together in the same plane Another term for a generalpurpose arc welder. The name is derived from the sound made when the welder is running Consumable electrodes provide a path for the current. They also supply fuller metal to the joint. Non- consumable electrodes are only used as a conductor for the electrical current, such as in gas tungsten arc welding The part of an oxygen torch that directs the flow of the gas. Закосување Лемење Челно спојување (Челно ) Buzz Box Заварувач Топливи и нетопливи електроди Крајниот дел на инструментот за автогено сечење Аргонот е присутен во земјината атмосфера во помалку од 1%, што го прави најчестиот благороден гас на Земјата. Подготвување на краевите на цевките кои треба да се заварат со нивна обработка за аглите на рабовите да не бидат 90 Процес каде металите се спојуваат со користење на дополнителен метал кој се топи на температура над 450ºC Спојката или (заварот) каде две парчиња кои се поврзуваат директно се спојуваат на иста рамнина Уште еден термин за електричен заварувач за општа примена. Името потекнува од звукот кој се испушта при работењето на заварувачот. Топливите електроди обезбедуваат пат за струјата. Тие исто така ја снабдуваат спојката со дополнителен метал. Нетопливите електроди се користат само како спроводник за електричната струја, како во електролачното заварување со волфрам гас. Делот од апаратот за автогено сечење кој го насочува протокот на гасот. Cutting Torch Cylinder Defective Weld The device used in oxygen cutting to control and direct the flow of the gasses used for cutting and heating metal A container to store and transport compressed gas A weld with one or more of the following defects: Porosity, undercut, slag inclusion and improper weld size Апарат за автогено сечење Цилиндер Несоодветно заварено место Уредот кој се користи при автогено сечење за да се контролира и насочува протокот на гасовите кои се користат за сечење и загревање на метал Контејнер за складирање и транспорт на компримиран гас Заварено место со еден или повеќе од следните дефекти: Порозност, поткоп, присуство на згура и несоодветни димензии на заварот 2
4 Direct Current (DC) Down Hand Weld Edge Weld Electrode (Arc Welding) Electrode Holder Face Shield (Helmet) - Or "continuous current," is considered as the constant flow of electrons in the single direction from low to high potential A vertical weld where the welder starts at the top and works downward A weld where the edges of two pieces come together A rod made up of filler metal with a coating on it designed to aid and protect the bead during the welding process. The "handle" portion of the arc welder that holds the electrode in place. A safety device worn over the face to protect the eyes and face from the arc, sparks and molten metal. Arc welding without proper eye protection can lead (quickly) to permanent damage to the eyes. Еднонасочна Струја Вертикален завар Рабен Завар Електрода (Електролачно ) Држач за Електрода Штитник за лице (Кацига) -Или постојана струја, се смета како постојан проток на електрони во една насока од низок кон висок потенцијал Вертикален завар каде заварувачот започнува од горе и работи надолу Завар каде рабовите на две парчиња се спојуваат едно со друго Шипка направена од дополнителен метал со облога дизајнирана за да го поткрепи и заштити шевот при процесот на заварување. Делот со рачка од електролачниот заварувач кој ја држи шипката на место. Безбедносен уред кој се носи преку лицето за да се заштитат очите и лицето од светлосниот лак, искрите и растопениот метал. Електролачното заварување без соодветна заштита на очите може да води (брзо) до трајно оштетување на очите. Ferrous Containing or relating to iron Железно Содржи или е поврзано со железо Fillet Weld A weld joining two pieces of metal that are more or less perpendicular to each other Аголен Спој Завар кој спојува две парчиња метал кои се повеќе или помалку под прав агол Filler metal Fixture Flat Weld Flux Is a metal added in the making of a joint through welding, brazing or soldering. Various types of filler metals exist A tool or device used to hold pieces in place for welding. A weld where the pieces being joined come together horizontally in front of and below the welder A substance that facilitates soldering, brazing and welding by chemically cleaning the metals to be joined Дополнителен метал Стега Ремен завар Флукс Е метал кој се додава при правењето на спојка преку заварување, лемење или спојување. Постојат различни видови на дополнителни метали Алат или уред кој се користи за прицврстување на парчињата за заварување. Завар каде парчињата кои се спојуваат се поставуваат хоризонтално пред и под заварувачот Супстанција која го олеснува спојувањето, лемењето и заварувањето со хемиско чистење на металите кои се спојуваат 3
5 Fuel Gases Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) or (TIG) Hand Shield Iron Inert gas/shieldin g gas Lap Joint MIG Welding (Metal Inert Gas) Gases mixed with oxygen in heating and cutting operations. Commonly known as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding; an arc welding process that uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld Similar to a Face Shield or Helmet, but held in front of the face rather than worn A base element that is the primary substance in the makeup of steel, cast iron and wrought iron A gas that does not normally combine chemically with materials. Their purpose is to protect the weld area from atmospheric gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor A joint where two pieces of metal lap over each other, allowing a bead to be placed between the edge of one piece and the face of the other Also known as wire-feed welding, although it is possible to do wire-feed welding without the inert gas. Metals that are difficult to arc weld may be MIG welded Mild Steel Steel with less than 0.15% carbon. (Also called low carbon steel). Most steel in common use is mild steel. Out-Of-Position Weld Any weld where the work is not flat in front of the welder. Погонски Гасови Електролачно со Волфрам Гас (GTAW) или (TIG) Рачен Штитник Железо Инертен гас/ Заштитен гас Спојка со Преклопување MIG ( со Инертен Гас) Гасови измешани со кислород за загревање и сечење. Општо познато како заварување со волфрам инертен гас; процес на електролачно заварување кој користи непотрошна волфрамова електрода за да се прозведе заварот Сличен како Штитникот за Лице или Кацигата, но не се носи туку се држи пред лицето Основен елемент кој е главната супстанција во изработката на челик, лиено железо и ковано железо Гас кој обично не се комбинира хемиски со материјалите. Нивната цел е да ја заштити областа на заварот од атмосферските гасови, како кислород, азот, јаглерод диоксид и водена пареа. Спојка каде две парчиња метал се прекопуваат едно со друго за да може шевот да се постави помеѓу работ на едниот дел и лицето на другиот Познато и како заварување со жица иако заварувањето со жица е возможно без инертниот гас. Металите кои тешко се заваруваат со електролачно заварување може да се заваруваат со MIG заварување. Мек челик Челик со помалку од 0.15% јаглерод,(уште се нарекува и челик со низок процент на јаглерод. Најголемиот дел од челокот во општата употреба е мек челик. Завар надвород-позиција Било кој завар каде работата не е рамна пред заварувачот. Overhead Weld Oxyfuel An inverted weld where the pieces being joined are above the welder. Pure oxygen combined with gas Горен завар Окси-гориво Обратен завар каде парчињата кои се спојуваат се над заварувачот. Чист кислород комбиниран со гас 4
6 Plasma Plasma Cutting Polarity Radiation A gas that has been heated to the point where it will conduct electricity A cutting process where the metal is heated to the melting point by an arc through the plasma and then removed by the pressure of the gas as directed by the nozzle. CNC (computer numeric control) plasma cutters are used for precise cutting of complex patterns in metal. The polarity of a machine refers to direction of current flow. Polarity can only be obtained on a DC machine. Energy from heat or light that you cannot see. Плазма Плазма сечење Поларитет Радијација Гас кој е загреан до точка до која ќе пренесува струја Постапка на сечење каде металот се загрева до точка на топење со лак низ плазмата а потоа се отстранува со притисокот на гасот како што е насочен од млазницата. CNC (Компјутеркса Нумеричка Контрола) плазма секачите се користат за прецизно сечење на сложени шеми во металот. Поларитетот на машината се однесува на насоката на текот на струјата. Поларитетот може да се добие само на DC машина. Енергија од грејачот или светлото кое не можете да го видите. Shielding Gas See Inert gas Заштитен Гас Види Инертен Гас Slag Inclusion Non-metallic material trapped in a weld. Присуство на згура Неметален материјал заробен во завар. Soldering Spot Weld Tack Weld TIG Welding (Tungsten Inert Gas) Tungsten A method of joining metal parts using a filler material (solder) that has a melting temperature below 450 C. A weld between two overlapping pieces of material; normally used for sheet metal A small weld used to hold pieces of an assembly in place prior to the final (continuous) welding. A welding process where an inert gas protects the molten metal from the atmosphere to produce a high quality weld. A non-consumable material used in TIG welding to carry current to the weld puddle. (very hard, heavy, steel-greyto-white transition metal; W in the periodic table.) Лемење Завар на место Припојно заварување TIG (Волфрам Инертен Гас) Волфрам Метод на спојување метални делови со користење на дополнителен материјал (лем) кој има температура на топење под С. Завар помеѓу две парчиња материјал кои се преклопуваат; обично се користи кај лимот Мал завар кој се користи за да се држат парчињата на склопот на нивното место пред финалното (трајно) заварување. Процес на заварување каде инертниот гас го заштитува стопениот метал од атмосферата за да се произведе висококвалитетен завар. Непотрошен материјал кој се користи во TIG заварувањето за пренесување на струјата до вирот од стопен метал. (многу тврд, тежок, челично сив до бел метал; во 5
7 периодичниот систем обележан со W). Up - Hand Weld A vertical weld where the welder starts at the bottom and works upward. Нагорен завар Вертикалез завар каде заварувачот започнува на дното и работи нагоре. Ventilate Weave Bead Weld Welder (noun) Welding Power Supply To cause fresh air to enter and move around an enclosed space A welding pattern often used in butt welds where the welder moves the arc back and forth across the joint while also moving along it Проветрува на шев To join two pieces of metal Заварува together permanently by melting the parts that touch. A person whose job is welding Заварувач (именка) A device that provides an electrical current to perform welding Напојување за Да се овозможи свежиот воздух да влезе и да се движи низ затворен простор. Шема на заварување која често се користи во челното заварување каде заварувачот го движи лакот нпред-назад и преку спојката како и се движи по неговата должина Трајно спојување на две парчиња метал со топење на деловите кои се допираат. Лице чија работа е заварување. Уред кој обезбедува напојување со електрична струја за да се изврши заварување Welding Rod Voltage (V) A means of delivering filler metal to the weld. In arc welding, the rod is called an electrode Is the pressure required to move the electric current Шипка за заварување Волтажа (V) Средство за достава на дополнителен метал до заварот. Во електролачното заварување, шипката се нарекува и електрода Е притисокот потребен за движење на електричната струја Овој толковник е заснован на Терминологијата во областа на изготвена од Винипег Техничкиот Факултет и Службата за Труд и Миграција на Манитоба достапен на: 6
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