MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS FOR WORLD HERITAGE SITES

Transcription

1 MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS FOR WORLD HERITAGE SITES KAI WEISE Session 3 CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND PRACTICES - Saturday, 21 June 2008 ASI-UNESCO-Government of Karnataka Seminar Bangalore June 2008

2 MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS FOR WORLD HERITAGE SITES Management is a PROCESS The Preparation of a Management Plan is the PROCESS of Establishing or Improving a Management System Therefore We do not need a Report We need REPORTING of the PROCESS Session 3 CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND PRACTICES - Saturday, 21 June 2008

3 COMPONENTS OF ESTABLISHING A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR WORLD HERITAGE SITES 1. Defining the World Heritage Site 2. Analyzing the Status of the Site 3. Approach to Conservation 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks 5. Establishing the Processes 6. Trial Implementation 7. Long Term Management

4 COMPONENTS OF ESTABLISHING A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR WORLD HERITAGE SITES 1. Defining the World Heritage Site 2. Analyzing the Status of the Site 3. Approach to Conservation 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks 5. Establishing the Processes 6. Trial Implementation 7. Long Term Management

5 1. Defining the World Heritage Site WORLD HERITAGE PAST something passed down from previous generations... PRESENT... of value... FUTURE... and worthy of preservation for future generations... of outstanding universal value...

6 1. Defining the World Heritage Site Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972) THE WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION is a convention concerned with the conservation of tangible heritage However, the value of the tangible heritage is closely linked to it being a testimony to The Criteria for verification of Outstanding Universal Value human creative genius interchange of human values a cultural tradition or to a civilization significant stage in human history human interaction with the environment events or living traditions, ideas, beliefs, artistic and literary works

7 1. Defining the World Heritage Site THE HERITAGE SITE has to meet at least 1 of 10 CRITERIA for inscription to be of Outstanding Universal Value Boundaries Boundaries should contain all elements and attributes of value SITE SPECIFIC These values are expressed through tangible elements and attributes of the site Authenticity refers to the way the attributes of the site express the value Integrity refers to the extent (wholeness, intact) these values are conveyed

8 1. Defining the World Heritage Site What elements and attributes support and express the outstanding universal value of the site? Kal-Bhairav at Hanuman Dhoka Kathmandu

9 1. Defining the World Heritage Site The boundary should encompass all elements and attributes that contribute to the outstanding universal value of the World Heritage Site MONUMENTS THE CONTEXT a buffer zone is an area surrounding the nominated property to give an added layer of protection to the property.

10 COMPONENTS OF ESTABLISHING A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR WORLD HERITAGE SITES 1. Defining the World Heritage Site 2. Analyzing the Status of the Site 3. Approach to Conservation 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks 5. Establishing the Processes 6. Trial Implementation 7. Long Term Management

11 2. Analyzing the Status of the Site A. Status Report The Status Report must present the site in respect to the state of conservation of the elements and attributes that give the site its significance.

12 2. Analyzing the Status of the Site B. Issues Analysis List issues that raise a particular concern; current pressures, recent history of change and associated problems, challenges and obstacles, resources and opportunities. Example of Categories selected for the Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Site A. Identification of WH and its values B. Legal Issues C. Planning and Policy D. Operationalising Site Management E. Community and Awareness F. Visitors G. Information and Research H. Sustainability of Management

13 COMPONENTS OF ESTABLISHING A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR WORLD HERITAGE SITES 1. Defining the World Heritage Site 2. Analyzing the Status of the Site 3. Approach to Conservation 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks 5. Establishing the Processes 6. Trial Implementation 7. Long Term Management

14 3. Approach to Conservation The primary objective (or purpose) of the Integrated Management Plan is to protect the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage property However, each World Heritage Site would require a specific approach to conservation based on its characteristics (elements and attributes) and its predominant issues (response to issues and threats) SITE SPECIFIC Sites often have what is initially considered to be contradictory values: Archaeology vs. Pilgrimage (Religious sites such as Lumbini) Monuments vs. Living Heritage (Urban sites such as Kathmandu) Preservation vs. Functionality (Industrial sites such as DHR)

15 3. Approach to Conservation KATHMANDU VALLEY CYCLICAL RENEWAL Lumbini: Visitors and pilgrims on a bridge over the archaeological site inside the Mayadevi Temple

16 COMPONENTS OF ESTABLISHING A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR WORLD HERITAGE SITES 1. Defining the World Heritage Site 2. Analyzing the Status of the Site 3. Approach to Conservation 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks 5. Establishing the Processes 6. Trial Implementation 7. Long Term Management

17 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks A. Institutional Framework The Institutional Framework establishes the authorities involved in managing the WHS. There will be numerous authorities that will have a varying degree of jurisdiction over the area, particular elements or specific functions within the World Heritage Site and the buffer zone. This requires a clear understanding of who these authorities are and what each of their particular roles, duties and responsibilities are anchored through respective legal provisions. INFORMATION ON DECISIONS DECISION MAKERS IMPLEMENTERS INFORMATION ON ACTIONS

18 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks B. Legal Framework The Legal Provisions that are to be considered within the World Heritage property are comprised of several components; International Conventions ratified by the State Party in particular the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage; International Declarations, Charters and Recommendations in particular those prepared by UNESCO and its technical advisor bodies: ICOMOS, ICCROM and IUCN; National Legislation in respect to Heritage Conservation and associated sectors; Local Laws that are applicable within the World Heritage Property; Guidelines and Official Plans (conservation plans, development plans, master plan, etc.)

19 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks Legal Framework CONSERVATION GUIDELINES Linked to Graded Inventory DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES For Public Spaces BUILDING BYLAWS For Non-Graded Buildings RECTIFICATION GUIDELINES For Inappropriate Buildings

20 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks APPROPRIATE BUILDINGS?

21 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks APPROPRIATE BUILDINGS?

22 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks APPROPRIATE BUILDINGS?

23 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks APPROPRIATE BUILDINGS?

24 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks C. Economic Framework There are generally three aspects that need to be considered within the Economic Framework; 1.the overall economic sustainability of the region, 2. the use of incentives as a tool for guiding development and 3. the business plan for the World Heritage property itself. For each of these aspects it is necessary to understand what already exists and what needs to be strengthened or newly established.

25 COMPONENTS OF ESTABLISHING A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR WORLD HERITAGE SITES 1. Defining the World Heritage Site 2. Analyzing the Status of the Site 3. Approach to Conservation 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks 5. Establishing the Processes 6. Trial Implementation 7. Long Term Management

26 5. Establishing the Processes A. Annual Action Plan The Annual Action Plan details out all prioritized activities that have been planned for the World Heritage area and related activities in the Buffer Zone during the Fiscal Year. The Annual Action Plan must be seen as a planning tool to achieve the primary objective of the Integrated Management Plan; to protect the outstanding universal value of the World Heritage property

27 5. Establishing the Processes Processes and Linkages LINKAGES between the various COMPONENTS OF A SITE Building Structures Urban Spaces Infrastructure & Services LINKAGES between the various ACTORS The Community Local Government District Authorities Central Government Expert Groups, INGOs. NGO s PROCESSES Restoration works Building Permission Services Connections Land / Building Tax Incentives

28 5. Establishing the Processes Formal meeting at Monument Protection & Palace Maintenance Office on the same day of site checking hold for 2 weeks at DoA Filling up of forms by the owner & approval from DoA file along with DoA staff Application for building permit along with municipal form/ documents & formal registration at Bhaktapur Municipality & approval letter sent to Sudden Site Check without information took ~1 week file sent to 5-10 minutes check suggested the owner to build as per bylaws Regular follow up to DoA it was said that they will inform of the meeting to the owner, but no answer till 2-3 weeks Checking group named as Prachin Smarak Samrakshan Samiti shall formally include 1DoA Officer 2DoA Architect/Engineer 3Engineer, Kathmandu Valley Town Development Committee 4Head, Monument Protection & Palace Maintenance Office 5Engineer in chief, Naksa Sub-section, Bhaktapur Municipality 6Representative, CDO Office 7Representative, District Police Office 8Representative, Guthi Corporation(tahasil tatha kharcha karyalaya) Bhaktapur from User Monument Protection & Palace Maintenance Office of Bhaktapur Durbar Square (Main Task : forwarding to DoA & hold meeting) hold for 1-1 1/2 week BUILDING PERMIT PROCESS from User s s Perspective Department of Archaeology for other similar files to come & sent to New service connections are not taken since the existing old tap is in present use also & temporary line for electricity is being taken from the old house Bhaktapur Municipality for Reregistration regular building permit started after 1-2 weeks file sent to Ward Office took ~3 days site visit Sticking of 15-day Notice to neighbors in presence of owner, ward secretary, neighbors & Municipal overseer Municipality (Tax Sub-section for payment of building tax) & Bank Deposit (50% of building tax amount) 1 week long municipal process Received certificate to commence building work up to GF along with other Supplementary forms Approval of building permit from the Municipal Chief Inform municipality 3 days before the construction of foundation; formally site checking required but no such check came Site cross-checking to see if any construction started prior to building permit approval 2-3 weeks long municipal process at Naksha Sub-section completion of GF inform municipality & apply for upper floors commencement Site checking after 2 weeks & approval along with certificate to commence upper floors no complaint from neighbors Site Verification (Sarjamin) in presence of owner, ward secretary, neighbors & Municipal overseer after 1 week Final check 1 week after completion & getting of Completion Certificate 1-2 week later along with return of deposit

29 5. Establishing the Processes BUILDING PERMISSION PROCESS NEW CONSTRUCTION/RECONSTRUCTION OF PRIVATE BUILDINGS PATAN DURBAR SQUARE LALITPUR SUB-METROPOLITAN CITY House Owner Building Permit Section - LSMC Palace Maintenance Office - PDS Department of Archaeology Palace Maintenance Office - PDS Building Permit Section / Earthquake Safety Section - LSMC Building Permit Section - LSMC APPLICATION DOCUMENT/ TECHINCAL CHECK TECHNICAL SUPPORT by Heritage Conservation Section - LSMC MEDIATOR FIELD VERIFICATION/ BYLAW CHECK APPROVAL MEDIATOR ARCHITECTURAL / STRUCTURAL DRAWING VERIFICATION FEE/DEPOSIT COLLECTION MAIN REGISTRATION HERITAGE CONSERVATION

30 COMPONENTS OF ESTABLISHING A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR WORLD HERITAGE SITES 1. Defining the World Heritage Site 2. Analyzing the Status of the Site 3. Approach to Conservation 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks 5. Establishing the Processes 6. Trial Implementation 7. Long Term Management

31 6. Trial Implementation Once the components of the Management Plan have been established, it is necessary to carry out a full one year cycle as a trial run to fine-tune the system. Annual Action Plan: On-going Review of Frameworks: On-going Review of Processes: Monitoring and Reporting: Capacity Building and Training: Awareness Raising:

32 COMPONENTS OF ESTABLISHING A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR WORLD HERITAGE SITES 1. Defining the World Heritage Site 2. Analyzing the Status of the Site 3. Approach to Conservation 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks 5. Establishing the Processes 6. Trial Implementation 7. Long Term Management

33 7. Long Term Planning For the sustainability of the Integrated Management Plan to address changing challenges and to remain on track to achieving long-term objectives continued monitoring, review and modification is necessary. Western Ashoka Stupa in Lalitpur (pre- 3 rd C. BC) framed by pedestrian over-bridge Every (approx.) 5 years, the Integrated Management System needs to be reviewed in detail to ascertain effectiveness of implementation and adaptation to prevailing circumstances.

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35 COMPONENTS OF ESTABLISHING A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR WORLD HERITAGE SITES 1. Defining the World Heritage Site 2. Analyzing the Status of the Site 3. Approach to Conservation 4. Establishing Appropriate Frameworks 5. Establishing the Processes 6. Trial Implementation 7. Long Term Management