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1 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 1/30 Large Hadron Collider: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution Dezső Horváth KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics (RMKI), Budapest and Institute of Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), Debrecen
2 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 2/30 Accelerators at CERN past and present LEP: LHC: ?
3 The Zoo of the Standard Model Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 3/30
4 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 4/30 Where is the Higgs boson? By-product of spontaneous symmetry breaking Most wanted particle of physics as the only missing piece of the Standard Model. Experimentally not (yet?) observed, LEP: M(H) > GeV Theory: it must exist as creates mass and removes divergences. It was in that my life as a boson really began Peter Higgs: My Life as a Boson: The Story of The Higgs, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 17 Suppl. (2002)
5 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 5/30 LHC physics: Large Hadron Rap Kate McAlpine s song in YouTube explains physics of LHC
6 LHC: the Largest Microscope Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 6/30
7 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 7/30 LHC: the dipole magnets 1232 superconducting dipoles (before installation) (L = 15 m, M = 35 t, T = 1.9 K, B = 8.3 T)
8 LHC: magnets in tunnel Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 8/30
9 Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 9/30
10 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 10/30 CMS at LHC ton digital camera: 100 M pixel, 40 M picture/s, 1000 GB/s data Storage: 100 picture/s filter (trigger)!!
11 CMS: the central part Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 11/30
12 LICE: A Large Ion Collider Experiment Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 12/30
13 ATLAS: A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 13/30
14 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 14/30 Yield of colliding beams: luminosity L = f n N 1N 2 A f : circulation frequency; n: number of bunches N 1,N 2 protons/bunch; A: beam overlap Rate of reaction with σ cross-section at ε efficiency R = εσl Integral luminosity: [fb 1 ] Accelerator collision time R Ldt energy (fb 1 ) Tevatron 2 TeV LHC 10 TeV first few days 0.1 LHC 10 TeV first few months 1 LHC 10 TeV first year (low int.) 10
![protons/bunch; A: beam overlap Rate of reaction with σ cross-section at ε efficiency R = εσl Integral luminosity: [fb 1 ]](/docs-images/58/3632487/images/page_14.jpg "Accelerator collision time R Ldt energy (fb 1 ) Tevatron 2 TeV 2001-2006 2.5 LHC 10 TeV first few days 0.")
15 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 15/30 LHC: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly Good Enormous discovery potential: Various reactions at very high energies, huge luminosity. Bad Terrible background, interesting events happen at probability Ugly Any interesting event is accompanied by p-p collisions giving high combinatorial backgrounds.
16 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 16/30 orldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG At full luminosity the LHC experiments will produce cca. 15 petabytes of data per year Plus the same amount of simulations Cannot be stored, handled and analyzed at CERN Distributed by Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) Primary source: Tier-0, CERN Storage, handling: Tier-1 centers Processing: Tier-2 sites
17 WLCG map of CMS Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 17/30
18 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 18/30 WLCG file transfer activity, Others: Alice, BaBar, Biomed, DTeam, Dzero, ESR, Embrace, Gilda, Grid-IT, GridPP, Hone, Inaf, LHCb, NGS, OPS, SEE, UKQCD, Zeus, aegis, ams, apesci, argo, astro.vo.eu-egee.org, astron, astrop, auger, auvergrid, baikal, balticgrid, belle, bg, bio, biowur, calice, camont.gridpp.ac.uk, cdf, cesga, compass, compchem, cosmo, cppm, crypto.swing-grid.ch, cyclops, d4science.research-infrastructures.eu, dca.euro-vo.org, dcms, dech, des, desy, diligent,
19 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 19/30 Other VO s in WLCG (cont d) edteam, eearth, eela, egeode, egrid, eirevo.ie, enea, enmr.eu, euasia.euasiagrid.org, euchina, euindia, eumed, fkppl.kisti.re.kr, fusion,fusion-rdig, gaussian, geant4, geclipse, geclipsetutor, gene, ghep, glast.org, grid.uniovi.es, gridcc, gridmosi.ici.ro, herab, hermes, hungrid, icecube, ific, ilc, ildg, imath.cesga.es, infngrid, ingv, libi, lights.infn.it, lofar, magic, marine, minos, minos.vo.gridpp.ac.uk, na4.vo.eu-egee.org, na48, ncf, ndgf, nordugrid.org, nw_ru, oper.vo.eu-eela.eu, osgedu, pamela, pheno, photon, planck, proactive, prod.vo.eu-eela.eu, pvier, rdteam, rfusion, rgstest, rhone-alpes-grid.fr, scier, seegrid, sixt, solovo, supernemo.vo.eu-egee.org, swetest, theophys, tps.infn.it, trgrida, trgridb, trgridc, trgridd, trgride, trgridf, trgridg, twgrid, uscms, virgo, vo.agata.org, vo.apc.univ-paris7.fr, vo.cta.in2p3.fr, vo.dapnia.cea.fr, vo.deploymenttest.cea.fr, vo.e-ca.es, vo.formation.idgrilles.fr, vo.gear.cern.ch, vo.grid.auth.gr, vo.grif.fr, vo.hess-experiment.eu, vo.ipno.in2p3.fr, vo.irfu.cea.fr, vo.iscpif.fr, vo.lal.in2p3.fr, vo.lapp.in2p3.fr, vo.llr.in2p3.fr, vo.londongrid.ac.uk, vo.lpnhe.in2p3.fr, vo.lpsc.in2p3.fr, vo.northgrid.ac.uk, vo.pau.pic.es, vo.paus.pic.es, vo.pic.es, vo.plgrid.pl, vo.renabi.fr, vo.rhone-alpes.idgrilles.fr, vo.sbg.in2p3.fr, vo.scotgrid.ac.uk, vo.sixt.cern.ch, vo.southgrid.ac.uk, vo.testvo.cc.in2p3.fr, vo.ucad.sn, voce, webcom, xfel.eu, xray.vo.eu-egee.org
20 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 20/30 WLCG: Hungarian Contribution Four small Tier-2 sites in Hungary: Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest (ELTE): 40 CPU Budapest University of Technology and Economy (BMEGrid): 14 CPU National Information Infrastructure Development Institute (egee.grid.niif.hu): 12 CPU KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics (BUDAPEST): 320 CPU
21 WLCG status ( Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 21/30
22 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 22/30 WLCG: Hungarian Contribution RMKI started its grid site and joined LCG in 2003 as BUDAPEST Together with SZTAKI we develope and operate HunGrid for Hungarian non-hep academic users Resource allocation of the capacity of BUDAPEST: ALICE/CMS = 1/2, HunGrid by demand CPU in ksi2000 ALICE: 115, CMS: 230, HunGrid: 20 Total CPU now 365 ksi2000, by the end of 2008: 470 ksi2000 To be multiplied by 1.5 to get official LCG numbers. Common storage: 72 TB
23 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 23/30 Creating black holes? Do we threaten the Earth, the Solar System, the Milky Way or the whole Universe? In the centers of galaxies black holes, BH: M BH > 3 solar mass, R BH few km Some theoretical models predict production of short-lived, microscopic black holes which evaporate immediately Cosmic rays bombard everything with times the LHC energy since years Thus it is unprobable in LHC. Let us wait and see???
24 There are many theoretical models Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 24/30
25 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 25/30 Preparing the LHC Design starts in 1984 (5 years before the LEP start!) Digging new caves from 1998 tunnel relaxes during LEP use compensate by correcting magnet positions LEP stop (stiff resistance): end of Removal of LEP and its detectors: 2001 Testing (repairing!), lowering, installing 9300 magnets: Cooling to 1.9 K-re (cooler than the Cosmos): Jan-Aug 2008 First circulation of protons: Sep 2008.
26 LHC Control Room, Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 26/30
27 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 27/30 Preparations for acceleration: the failure Gradual increase of magnet currents to cca A sector by sector Success in 7 sectors out of 8 19 Sep: At Sector 3-4 a faulty contact between two magnets caused an arc which punched a cooling pipe. Several tons of helium blew out displacing a few magnets. About 20 magnets have to be uninstalled, brought up to the surface for reparation and replaced by spare ones.
28 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 28/30 The LHC starts next spring It does not work this year, but it may start 1 or 2 months earlier next year than originally planned Of course, the experiments are not happy: No p-p collisions at 900 GeV for testing and calibrating detector elements. The LHC tunnel will be closed earlier next year, some additionally ordered detector components may not arrive by then for installation. Such failures may always happen, they do not threaten the whole project Oct: Big LHC celebration with ministers, presidents from all member states
29 Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 29/30 Acknowledgements National Science Foundation and National Bureau Science and Development OTKA NK67974, K72172, H07C and TéT JAP-21/2006 EU FP6 MC-ToK and FP7 III Hungarian and Austrian Academies of Sciences Understanding collaboration partners
30 Thanks for your attention Dezső Horváth: LHC: Computing and its Hungarian Contribution NorduGrid 2008, Budapest, 27 Oct p. 30/30
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