Oralmans in Kazakhstan

Transcription

1 Oralmans in Kazakhstan Astana, 13 September Introduction 5 Conclusion 2 Historical roots 6 Discussion 3 Integration Process 4 External Assistance 2011 Glocal LifeLearn

2 Introduction Oralmans Oralmans are ethnic Kazakh immigrants, «people who came back» 1.1 million immigrants (since independence) Over 464,000 are ethnic Kazakhs or oralmans 2/4

3 Introduction Please click on all the circles! i x Kazakhs outside Kazakhstan Western Europe, Asia, North and South America 1.5 million Kazakhs in Uzbekistan, 1.5 million in China 1 million in Russia 5 million ethnic Kazakhs live outside Kazakhstan Turkey, Afghanistan and Iran 100,000 in Turkmenistan 80,000 in Mongolia and 45,000 in Kyrgyzstan 1/4

4 Kazakhs in China - Some 1.1 million people in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (the north-west of China); - 4,293 Chinese Kazaks (2002); - 3,907 Chinese Kazaks (2005); - 37,788 (2006); - Kazakhs from China usually know both Kazakh and Chinese;

5 Introduction Please click on the squares! i x Historical roots Some 200,000 Kazakhs left the Soviet Union, primarily to China, Mongolia,India, Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey 1920s and 1930s Political turmoil, repression, forced collectivization, and hunger Kazakhs gradually became a minority in Kazakhstan 3/4

6 The Kazakh catastrophe, The Stalin government ( ) initiated collectivization projects in Kazakhstan; -The population of Kazakhs with the nomadic and livestock lifestyle was reduced from 80 percent in 1926 to 27.4 percent in 1930; - between 1.3 and 1.5 million Kazaks (between 35% and 38% of the total population, the highest percentage of any nationality in the USSR) lost their lives;

7 The Kazakh catastrophe, Kazakh refugees 200,000 fled to China; another million moved into other Soviet Republics; approximately 35,000 families of nomads (140,000 to 165,000 people) had left the Republic;

8 Historical roots i Legislation more than 3,158,400 people 1993 emigrated from Kazakhstan 18 November 1991: Resolution On the Procedures and Conditions of the Relocation to Kazakh SSR for Persons of Kazakh Ethnicity from Other Republics and Abroad Willing to Work in Rural Areas : 16,5 million to under 15 million First quota, repatriation of 10,000 families (or approximately 40,000 persons) 1/3

9 The development of the oralman quota Established each year by Presidential decree Applications through consular or diplomatic offices Applications by individuals The first annual quota was set in 1993 the Committee on Migration under the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection 3/3

10 QUOTA for oralmans (repatriates) immigration for 2010 Name of region or city Number of families Akmola region 1020 Aktobe region 1000 Almaty region 3800 Atyrau region 500 East Kazakhstan region 1500 Zhambyl region 1840 West Kazakhstan region 500 Karaganda region 1200 Kostanai region 1000 Kyzylorda region 500 Manghistau region 2500 Pavlodar region 800 North Kazakhstan region 500 South Kazakhstan region 2950 Almaty city 140 Astana city 250 Total 20000

11 How to get the status of oralman? What documents are necessary for acquisition the status of oralman? Documents: petition for getting the status of oralman; identity documents of applicant and members of his family; documenting of parents date of birth outside Kazakhstan or testimonial evidence confirming emigration from the territory of Kazakhstan during repression period or other documents Migration service bodies The status of oralman Filling an application of standard form; Interview with an applicant for the purpose of checking (estimation) the information indicated in application; Making decision of admission the applicant as oralman or reasoned refuse on giving such a status.

12 Institutional Framework Oralmans Assistance to oralmans President Government Local Ministry of Foreign Administration Affairs Ministry of Defence Establishes by Decree the annual quota for oralman immigration Overall responsibility for oralman integration Entitled to provide benefits to oralmans not included in the quota Provides exemption to oralmans from consular duties Organization of deferred military service for oralmans 2/3

13 Benefits to persons arriving under immigration quota Ministry for Foreign Affairs: exemption from consular fees for visas when entering the Republic of Kazakhstan Authorized agency for customs matters: transferring the property through state border with no customs duties charged Authorized agency for education: assignment of quota for enrolment in institutions of secondary vocational and higher vocational education in the quantity to be established by Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

14 Governmental assistance to oralmans Pension payments Grants for oralmans entering post- secondary institutions Exemption from consular fees for required visas Deferred military service Provision of employment assistance and vocational training Assistance in learning Kazakh and Russian Exemption from custom duties while crossing the border

15 Integration Please click on the arrows! i x Language Differences in written Kazakh Cultural Adaptation Religion insufficient Russian language skills; differences in written Kazakh Cyrillic in Kazakhstan; Latin in Turkey and Western Europe; and Ancient Kazakh in China, Iran and Pakistan differences in everyday life; religion Traditionally the Mongolian Kazakhs are Sunni Muslims whereas the rest of the population are associated with Tibetan Buddhism 3/3

16 External Assistance NGOs IOM Activities Providing informational and referral services; Activities numerous project activities to improve the Providing translation services; integration of oralmans and to solve their social problems Activities Providing humanitarian aid; Providing housing assistance; Activities Improving housing conditions of oralmans; Providing training courses for oralmans; Activities Assisting in starting small enterprises and preparing business plans; Drafting project proposals for local and international donor agencies Activities Assisting in legal procedures; Providing start-up assistance for oralman women income generating activities; Supporting NGOs working with oralmans

17 Government assistance to oralmans the 1997 Law on Population Migration KZT 8 billion (Annual budget 2005) KZT 2.0 billion (Annual budget 2003) KZT 375 million (Annual budget 2002)

18 Employment only 61.5 percent of oralmans of working age are actively employed the Labour Code of Kazakhstan distinguishes between two categories of workers: residents and non-residents no special legal regime exists for oralmans oralmans must receive citizenship in order to be legally employed in Kazakhstan previous credentials of oralmans are not recognized only one out of ten oralmans has a steady income in Kazakhstan, whereas before moving to Kazakhstan almost one-quarter (23.9 percent) had steady income

19 Nurly Kosh Program The Program objective: is rationally resettle and assist in setting up of ethnic immigrants, former citizens of Kazakhstan arrived to work in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan and citizens of Kazakhstan living in the problem areas of the country. Participants: 1) Ethnic immigrants; 2) Former citizens of Kazakhstan arrived to Kazakhstan to work; 3) Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan living in the problem areas. Program participants and their families are eligible to receive a number of benefits differentiated by categories of participants in the Program and settlement areas.

20 Social support includes 1) for ethnic immigrants: - granting immigration quota with highest priority to oralmans having appropriate education, qualification and work experience in the economy sector; - free provision of adaptive services (from the budget resources); - payment of lump-sum allowance, reimbursement for travelling and property transportation expenses (out of the republican budget funds) depending on a settlement area. 2) for citizens of Kazakhstan living in the problem areas of the country: - training and retraining (out of the local budget funds); 3) former citizens of Kazakhstan: -to be granted rights for permanent residence and acquiring Kazakhstan nationality.

21 Sources UNDP report: