This recruiting poster was a result of the settlement of a 1976 suit filed against the San Diego Fire Department by the Civil Rights Division because

Transcription

1 This recruiting poster was a result of the settlement of a 1976 suit filed against the San Diego Fire Department by the Civil Rights Division because of employment discrimination against women. The efforts of the Division have led to openings for women in other traditionally maleonly occupations such as police officer and correctional officer. 1

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3 Approximately 600 marchers started out on the Selma, AL march that Sunday morning. When the marchers crossed the Edmund Pettus bridge on the outskirts of town, they were met by about 200 state troopers, and the local sheriff and his deputies mounted on horseback, all armed with tear gas, night sticks and bull whips. The marchers were ordered to turn back, when they did not, they were attacked by the law enforcement officers. The air filled with tear gas and marchers were beaten, whipped and trampled by the horses. Finally, they turned around and returned to Selma. 17 marchers were hospitalized. 2

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5 American Indians are also a racial group who faced discrimination the same as African Americans do. In fact, before the civil rights laws were enacted, in some states you could find three separate drinking fountains labeled Whites, Colored and Indian. There were also three sections in some movie theaters. All of the civil rights laws that protect people from discrimination because of race or color or national origin also protect American Indians. 3

6 Cesar Chavez was a Mexican American labor activist and leader of the United Farm Workers. During the 20 th century he was a leading voice for migrant farm workers (people who moved from place to place in order to find work). His tireless leadership focused national attention on these laborers terrible working conditions, which eventually led to improvements.

7 Elizbeth Cady Stanton was one of the first leaders of the American woman s rights movement. An excellent writer and speaker, she and Susan B. Anthony formed the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869 and worked together to secure women s right to vote. Throughout her life, Elizabeth was a spokesperson for the rights of women, and her daughter, Harriot Stanton Blatch, carried on her mother s work.

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9 On 12/7/42, the country of Japan bombed the U.S. military base at Pearl Harbor. As a result, the United States entered World War II against Japan, Germany and Italy. As a result, many people in the U.S. did not trust people of Japanese ancestry. Even Japanese- Americans who were born in this country were mistakenly thought to be loyal to Japan. There was no proof that they were disloyal to America. However, the federal government and its military leaders decided that no one of Japanese ancestry could live on the west coast of the U.S., while people of Italian and German ancestry could remain. On 2/18/42, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, which began this prohibition. 8

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11 Martin Luther King Jr. was the most important voice of the American civil rights movement, which worked for equal rights for all. He was famous for using nonviolent resistance to overcome injustice, and he never got tired of trying to end segregation laws (laws that prevented blacks from entering certain places, such as restaurants, hotels, and public schools). He also did all he could to make people realize the all men are created equal. Because of his great work, in 1964 he received the Nobel Peace Prize the youngest person ever to receive this high honor. He was assassinated in Memphis, TN, when he was just 39 years old. His birthday is now observed as a national holiday on the third Monday in January. 10

12 On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, refused to give up her seat on the bus to a white passenger, as local law required. She was arrested. A few days later the black community in Montgomery began a bus boycott.

13 On July 26, 1990, President George H.W. Bush signed into law the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) the world s first comprehensive civil rights law for people with disabilities. The Act prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment (Title I), in public services (Title II), in public accommodations (Title III) and in telecommunications (Title IV). Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is responsible for enforcing Title I s prohibition against discrimination against people with disabilities in employment. The ADA has been described as the Emancipation Proclamation for the disability community.

14 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) prohibits discrimination in employment, in places of public accommodation, including all hotels, restaurants, retail stores, theaters, health care facilities, convention centers, parks, and places of recreation, in transportation services, and in all activities of state and local governments because a person has a disability.

15 The Supreme Court rules on the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS, unanimously agreeing that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. The ruling paves the was for large-scale desegregation. The decision overturns the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling that sanctioned separate but equal segregation of the races, ruling that separate educational facilities are inherent unequal. It is a victory for NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, who will later return to the Supreme Court as the nation s first black justice.

16 Little Rock, Arkansas, formerly all-white Central High School learns that integration is easier said than done. Nine black students are blocked from entering the school on the orders of Governor Orval Faubus. President Eisenhower sends federal troops and the National Guard to intervene on behalf of the students, who had become know as the Little Rock Nine.

17 President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1963, prohibiting discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.

18 She guided nine students in their 1957 crusade to enroll in the white school. The students' initial effort was rebuffed, and the governor, Orval Faubus called in the National Guard to stop the students at the door. President Eisenhower intervened, and the students were admitted. She reported when schools violated the Supreme Court's 1954 decision, Brown v. the Board of Education, that outlawed segregation, in Arkansas State Press, the newspaper she and her husband published. Her memoir, The Long Shadow of Little Rock, won a 1988 National Book Award.

19 Patsy T. Mink was the first non-white woman to serve in Congress. She is celebrated as one of the most important civil rights leaders, especially for writing the Title IX Amendment which today preserves the rights of all genders in education.

20 On November 14, 1960 a six-year-old African-American girl named Ruby Bridges, dressed in her Sunday best, kissed her mother good-bye in front of William Frantz School in New Orleans. She was one of four African-American children to enroll in two previously all-white schools on that historic morning. Because of the admission of African-Americans to the school, many white students stayed home, and the following day their parents organized a massive rally. The mounting hysteria ultimately resulted in two days of rioting. No one was killed, but dozens were shot, stabbed and beaten. Some 250 people were arrested, and the city finally lapsed into a sullen truce.

21 Ron Gonzales is the first Mexican American mayor in the city of San Jose. He has worked his whole life in helping the people and communities around him. Although Ron Gonzales is a minority, his hard work and dedication have led him to hold several political positions.