Characteristics of the Text Genre Fantasy Text Structure

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1 LESSON 20 TEACHER S GUIDE Putting Frosting on the Cake by Gina Parnell Fountas-Pinnell Level D Fantasy Selection Summary When Dee and Mom put frosting on the cake, they make a pretty cake until Dee takes a lick of frosting and needs to fix the hole. She makes the cake even prettier and she makes a mess, too! Number of Words: 120 Characteristics of the Text Genre Fantasy Text Structure Content Themes and Ideas Language and Literary Features Sentence Complexity Vocabulary Words Illustrations Book and Print Features Third-person narrative describes what happens when Dee tries to fix the cake. Cause and effect structure Making a cake Mother and daughter activity It s fun to bake with Mom. Disobeying a parent has consequences. You need to clean up your own messes. Simple dialogue assigned to speaker Simple, repeated sequence of events Amusing, engaging characters in familiar settings close to children s experience Some sentences with more than six words: Then Dee and Mom put frosting on the cake. Some sentences with prepositional phrases Exclamatory sentence One and two syllable words familiar to child Important content words supported by illustrations (cake, frosting, carrot, garden, fl oor) Many high-frequency words (and, put, want, eat, said, after, out some, no) Nouns, verbs, pronouns, prepositions, adjective, adverbs Lively, cartoon-like drawings with more details support and extend the text. Nine pages of text, illustrations on every page. Print in large, plain font and in same position on every page. Some sentences turn over the line Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Permission is hereby granted to individual teachers using the corresponding (discipline) Leveled Readers to photocopy student worksheets from this publication in classroom quantities for instructional use and not for resale. Requests for information on other matters regarding duplication of this work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, Attn: Contracts, Copyrights, and Licensing, 9400 SouthPark Center Loop, Orlando, Florida Printed in the U.S.A If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited. Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

2 Putting Frosting on the Cake by Gina Parnell Build Background Read the title to children and talk with them about what the little girl rabbit is doing in the cover illustration. What do you think the little girl rabbit will do in this story? Encourage children to use what they know about making a cake to think about the story. Ask questions such as the following; What do you think is the best part of a cake, the cake or the frosting? Introduce the Text Guide children through the text, noting important ideas, and helping with unfamiliar language and vocabulary. Explain important text features, such as labels in illustrations. that identify important content words in the story. Here are some suggestions: Page 2: Explain that in this story a little girl rabbit named Dee and her mom bake a cake together. Suggested language: Turn to page 2 of this book. You see Dee and Mom in their kitchen. The sentence reads: Dee and Mom made a cake. What color is the cake? Page 3: Point out that next Dee and Mom put frosting on the cake. Say put. What is the fi rst sound you hear in put? Find the word and point to it. What color frosting did they put on? Does the cake look delicious to you? Dee thinks so! Look at her tongue. I want to eat our cake now! said Dee. Page 4: Explain that Mom told Dee: We can eat the cake after dinner. Say after. Find the word after and put your fi nger under it. Page 5: What is Dee doing in the picture? Do you think she is trying the cake before dinner or after dinner? Now turn back to the beginning and read the story. On every page you will read more about what happens to Dee s cake. Words to Know after more now put said want 2 Lesson 20: Putting Frosting on the Cake

3 Read As the children read, observe them carefully. Guide them as needed, using language that supports their problem solving ability. Respond to the Text Personal Response Ask children to share their personal responses to the story. Begin by asking what they liked best about the story, or what they found interesting. Suggested language: What do you think of the different ways that Dee tries to fix the cake? Would you want to share this story with your friends? Why or why not? Ways of Thinking As you discuss the text, make sure children understand these teaching points: Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text Dee and Mom made a cake together. Dee took some frosting off the cake. Dee tries to fix the cake by adding more frosting. It s fun to make a cake with someone. You should listen to your Mom. The funny pictures add to the humor in the story. The dialogue sounds the way a young child would talk. It s fun to read about what happens when Dee tries to add frosting to the cake Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. Choices for Support Concepts of Print Practice early reading behaviors by asking children to locate the first and last letters of words in continuous text. Phonemic Awareness and Word Work Provide practice as needed with words and sounds, using one of the following activities: Listening Game Materials: pairs of words. Have children listen for words that rhyme. Have them raise their hands if the words rhyme, and keep their hands in their laps if the words do not rhyme. Says pairs of words, for example: cake, bake; eat, egg; fi x, mix; Dee, bee; nose, mess. Clapping Syllables Have children hear and say syllables in words from the book: made, cake, frosting, need, garden, another, nose, carrot. Have them clap on each syllable: made, cake, frost-ing, need, gar-den, an-oth-er, nose, car-rot. 3 Lesson 20: Putting Frosting on the Cake

4 Writing About Reading Critical Thinking Read the directions for children on BLM 20.7 and guide them in answering the questions. Responding Read aloud the questions at the back of the book and help children complete the activities. Target Comprehension Skill Cause and Effect Tell children that the effect tells what happens in a story. The cause tells why it happened. Model how to think about cause and effect. Think Aloud In this story I read that Dee made a carrot with the frosting. Then there was frosting all over her nose and shirt. Making the carrot with frosting was the cause. Getting frosting all over her nose and shirt was the effect. Practice the Skill Have children find another example of cause and effect in this story. Writing Prompt: Thinking Beyond the Text Have aloud the following prompt. Have children draw and write their response, using the writing prompt on page 6. Draw a picture to show what will happen next to Dee and her mom. What are Dee and her mom doing? 4 Lesson 20: Putting Frosting on the Cake

5 Read directions to children. English Language Learners Front-Load Vocabulary Use the illustrations and labels to reinforce the meanings of: cake, frosting, carrot, floor, mess. Oral Language Development Check children s comprehension, using a dialogue that best matches their English proficiency level. Speaker 1 is the teacher, Speaker 2 is the child. Beginning/ Early Intermediate Intermediate Early Advanced/ Advanced Speaker 1: Point to the girl in the story. Speaker 2: [Points to the girl] Speaker 1: Point to her mother. Speaker 2: [Points to mother] Speaker 1: What do the girl and her mother make? Speaker 2: a cake Speaker 1: When does Mom want Dee to eat the cake? Speaker 2: after dinner Speaker 1: After Dee takes some frosting off the cake, what does she need to do? Speaker 2: fix the cake Speaker 1: How does Dee fix the cake? Speaker 2: She makes carrots with the frosting. Speaker 1: What else does Dee make? Speaker 2: She makes a mess. Name Lesson 20 BLACKLINE MASTER 20.7 Putting Frosting on the Cake Write an answer to the question. Responses may vary. 1. Why does Dee want to fix the cake? She did not want her mother to know that she had tasted the cake. Making Connections Think about something you have tried to fix. Write some sentences about what happened.. All rights reserved. 9, Unit 4: Exploring Together 5 Lesson 20: Putting Frosting on the Cake

6 Name Date Putting Frosting on the Cake Draw a picture to show what will happen next to Dee and her mom. What are Dee and her mom doing? 6 Lesson 20: Putting Frosting on the Cake

7 Name Lesson 20 BLACKLINE MASTER 20.7 Putting Frosting on the Cake Write an answer to the question. 1. Why does Dee want to fix the cake? Making Connections Think about something you have tried to fix. Write some sentences about what happened. 7 Lesson 20: Putting Frosting on the Cake

8 Student Date Putting Frosting on the Cake LEVEL D Lesson 20 BLACKLINE MASTER Putting Frosting on the Cake Running Record Form page Selection Text Errors Self-Corrections 2 Dee and Mom made a cake. 3 Then Dee and Mom put frosting on the cake. I want to eat our cake now! said Dee. 4 Mom said, We can eat the cake after dinner. Then she went out to the garden. 5 Dee took some frosting off the cake and ate it. 6 Oh no! said Dee. Comments: Accuracy Rate (# words read correctly/54 100) % Self-Correction Rate (# errors + # Self-Corrections/ Self-Corrections) 1: Behavior Code Error Read word correctly cat 0 Repeated word, sentence, or phrase Omission cat 0 cat 1 Behavior Code Error Substitution cut cat 1 Self-corrects cut sc cat Insertion the ˆcat 1 Word told T 1 cat Lesson 20: Putting Frosting on the Cake