Business Database Technology. Shouhong Wang. Hai Wang

Transcription

1 Business Database Technology An Integrative Approach to Data Resource Management with Practical Project Guides, Presentation Slides, Answer Keys to Handson Exercises for Students in Business Programs i Shouhong Wang Hai Wang UniversalPublishers Boca Raton

2 Table of Contents PREFACE CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Database Technology Data Are Resource of the Organization Data, Information, Knowledge Common Mistakes in Data Resource Management Control Data Redundancy Database and Database System Database Management Systems Commonly Used DBMS for Relational Database 21 CHAPTER 2. DATA STRUCTURE TECHNIQUES FOR DATABASE Data Secondary Storage Disk File, Record, Attribute, and Key Pointer Basic File Organizations Sequential file Random file Indexed file 2.5. Btree Overview of Btree Construction of Btree Btree maintenance CHAPTER 3. DATA MODELS. 1

3 Associative Foreign Table of Contents 3.1. Overview of Data Models ER Model Entity, Attribute, and Primary Key Relationship Instrument for Implementing 1:1 and 1:M Relationships 3.6. Instrument for Implementing M:M Relationships 3.7. Summary of ER Diagram Key 52 Entity 55 Convention Construction of ER Diagram Transcript Sample datasheets Redundant relationships in ERD Iterations of ERD construction 65 CHAPTER 4. RELATIONAL DATABASE Relational Data Model and Tables Candidate Key and Alternative Key Conversion of ER Model to Relational Data Model Data Retrieval from Relational Database Referential Integrity 79 CHAPTER 5. NORMALIZATION AND LOGICAL DATABASE DESIGN Normalization Functional Dependency Normal Forms Unnormalized form Conversion from ONF to a normal form 88 2

4 Table of Contents First Normal Form (INF) Data redundancy and data modification anomaly Partial key dependency in INF table, and normalize INF Second Normal Form (2NF) and nonkey dependency Normalize 2NF table with nonkey dependency and Third Normal Form (3NF) Summary of normalization procedure from ONF to 3NF BoyceCodd Normal Form (BCNF) Normalize 3NF table with reverse dependency into BCNF Fourth Normal Form (4NF) Normalize BCNF table with multivalued dependency into 4NF The Nature of Normalization and HigherLevel Normal Forms Logical Database Design 103 CHAPTER 6. DATABASE PROCESSING AND SQL Introduction to SQL CREATE and DROP INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE Query SELECT WHERE Clause and Comparison User Input Request ORDER BY Clause Aggregate Functions GROUP BY Clause and HAVING Clause Arithmetic Operations Joining Tables 126 3

5 reducing Table of Contents Alternative Format of InnerJoin and Outer Join Subquery Subquery computational workload of join operation Subquery as an alternative to GROUP BY Subquery representing Subquery determining a variable 133 an uncertain criterion UNION Operator Tactics for Writing Queries SQL Embedded in Host Computer Programming Languages 137 CHAPTER 7. PHYSICAL DATABASE DESIGN Physical Design Adding 7.3. Adding Index 144 Subschema Clustering Tables Merging Tables» Horizontal Partitioning Table Vertical Partitioning Table Creating New Primary Key Substituting Foreign Key Duplicating Table or Duplicating Part of Partitioned Table Storing Information (Processed Data) Implementation of Physical Database Design 150 CHAPTER 8. DATABASE ADMINISTRATION Data Planning and Database Design 155 4

6 Table of Contents 8.2. Data Coordination Data Security, Access Policies, and Data Ownership Data Quality Database Performance User Training Data Standards, Data Dictionary, and Documentation Database Backup and Recovery Data Archiving, Database Maintenance Managing Business Rules Related to the Database Design 161 CHAPTER 9. DATABASE IN COMPUTER NETWORKS Centralized Database in the Local Area Network Environment Centralized Database in the Internet Environment Distributed Databases XML for Databases 171 CHAPTER 10. DATA WAREHOUSE Data Warehouse Multidimensional Data and Data Cube Creating Data Cube from Relational Database Definition of OLAP Analytical Processing Techniques of OLAP Business Intelligence and Data Mining Data Resource for Organizational Knowledge Development 184 TECHNICAL GUIDE A. CONSTRUCTING DATABASE USING MICROSOFT ACCESS 189 5

7 Table ofcontents TECHNICAL GUIDE B. AN EXAMPLE OF NORMALIZATION 231 TECHNICAL GUIDE C. OLAP USING MICROSOFT OFFICE 239 ANSWERS TO EXERCISE QUESTIONS AND REVIEWS 267 INDEX 284 POWERPOINT SLIDES 291 ** Electronic teaching material for this textbook includes model syllabus, answers to all assignment questions, sample exams, answers of the exams, lecture PPT, the Microsoft Access database for the textbook SQL. examples, Microsoft Access database for Technical Guide A, Microsoft Access database for Technical Guide C, and others. 6