Current Interruption Transients Calculation

Transcription

1 Brochure More information from Current Interruption Transients Calculation Description: Current Interruption Transients Calculation is a comprehensive resource for the understanding, calculation and analysis of the transient recovery voltages (TRVs) and related re ignition or re striking transients associated with fault current interruption and the switching of inductive and capacitive load currents in circuits. This book provides an original, detailed and practical description of current interruption transients, origins and the circuits involved, and how they can be calculated and then analyzed using only a hand calculator and a spreadsheet program. Key features: - Detailed theory of all the current interruption cases that can occur in a power system. - Clear explanation of how to calculate transients, showing how four basic circuits can represent almost all transients and can be solved in general without any use of the classical Laplace transform method. - Series and parallel RLC circuit theory, followed by the calculation of pole factors using the symmetrical component method to derive the base power frequency components, with results applied to all the relevant transient cases. - Fault current interruption and inductive and capacitive load current switching cases illustrated using real application examples. With its practical approach, this book offers engineers the tools they need when analyzing circuit breaker applications. It will be of great interest to practicing engineers and electric utility staff involved in circuit breaker design, specification, testing, switchgear application, system operation and planning, and, in particular, for engineers using simulation programs for transient calculations. It will also be useful for senior undergraduate and postgraduate electrical power engineering students looking to work in switchgear manufacturing units and testing laboratories. Contents: Preface ix 1 Introduction Background Short Circuit Rating Basis for High Voltage Circuit Breakers Current Interruption Terminology 4 Bibliography 7 2 RLC Circuits General Series RLC Circuit with Step Voltage Injection Source Free Series RLC Circuit with Precharged Capacitor Source Free Parallel RLC Circuit with Precharged Capacitor Parallel RLC Circuit with Ramp Current Injection Alternative Equations Travelling Wave Basics 28

2 2.8 Summary 32 Bibliography 32 3 Pole Factor Calculation General Pole Factors: Effectively Earthed Systems Pole Factors: Non Effectively Earthed Systems Alternative Pole Factor Calculation Method Three Phase Test Circuit Arrangement Summary 59 Bibliography 60 4 Terminal Faults General Considerations Standard TRV Derivation Effect of Added Capacitance Effect of Added Resistance Effect of Added Inductance Out of Phase Switching Asymmetrical Currents Double Earth Faults Summary 102 Bibliography Short Line Faults General Line Side Voltage Calculation Effect of Added Capacitance Discussion 118 Bibliography Inductive Load Switching General General Shunt Reactor Switching Case Shunt Reactors with Isolated Neutrals 130

3 6.4 Shunt Reactors with Neutral Reactor Earthed Neutrals Shunt Reactors with Earthed Neutrals Re Ignitions Unloaded Transformer Switching Discussion Summary 139 Bibliography Capacitive Load Switching General Shunt Capacitor Banks Energization De Energization Outrush Transmission Lines Cables Summary 165 Bibliography Circuit Breaker Type Testing Introduction Circuit Breaker Interrupting Time Inherent Transient Recovery Voltages Inductive Load Switching Capacitive Current Switching 175 Bibliography 175 Appendix A: Differential Equations 177 Bibliography 186 Appendix B: Principle of Duality 187 Appendix C: Useful Formulae 190 Appendix D: Euler s Formula 193 Bibliography 196 Appendix E: Asymmetrical Current Calculating Areas Under Curves 197 Appendix F: Shunt Reactor Switching: First Pole to Clear Circuit

4 Representation 200 Appendix G: Special Case: Interrupting Small Capacitive Currents 207 Bibliography 210 Appendix H: Evolution of Transient Recovery Voltages 211 H.1 Introduction 211 H.2 TRVs: Terminal Faults 212 H.3 Terminal Fault TRV Standardization 218 H.4 Short Line Fault 220 H.5 Inductive and Capacitive Load Current Switching 221 H.6 Terminal Fault TRV Calculation 221 H.6.1 Pole Factor Calculation 221 H.6.2 Transient Calculation 225 Bibliography 226 Index 231 Ordering: Order Online - Order by Fax - using the form below Order by Post - print the order form below and send to Research and Markets, Guinness Centre, Taylors Lane, Dublin 8, Ireland.

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