Spontaneous abortion: Management. Grand Rounds 5/15/13 Jamie Peregrine, R2 WCGME OB/GYN

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1 Spontaneous abortion: Management Grand Rounds 5/15/13 Jamie Peregrine, R2 WCGME OB/GYN

2 Objectives Differentiate between abnormal pregnancies: ectopic vs missed/incomplete/complete abortion. Know where to look for management of spontaneous abortions Review management of threatened and incomplete abortions Discuss birth control options after abortion

3 Common presentations of abnormal pregnancies 9w0d by LMP, VBx4d, no IUP by TVS, UPREG+ quant 20,000; 48 hours later 18,000 9w0d by LMP, VB x4d, live IUP measures 8w5d by TVS w/ subchorionic hemorrhage >50% 9w0d by LMP, VBx4d, abd pn & back cramps, live IUP 8w5d by TVS, cervix 2cm w/ bleeding 11w0d by LMP, routine PNC, absent cardiac activity IUP 8w5d by TVS, cervix closed

4 Resources Williams OB 23 rd edition Ch 9 Abortion pp Creasy MFM 6 th edition Ch 33 Embryonic and Fetal Demise pp paragraph

5 Resources continued UpToDate ACOG practice bulletins No. 94 Medical management of ectopic pregnancy No. 67 Medical management of abortion RCOG NICE clinical guideline Diagnosis and initial management in early pregnancy of ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage Dec 2012 (281 pp)

6

7 Threatened abortion Bleeding through a closed cervical os, first ½ of pregnancy, +/- pain 20-25% of early pregnancies 50% of all threatened abs end in abortion, but 90-96% of pregnancies with fetal cardiac activity & VB at 7-11 weeks will result in ongoing pregnancy Managed expectantly until resolution, dx nonviable pregnancy, or progress to inevitable, incomplete, or complete Sab.

8 Threatened abortion management Cochrane reviewed RCTs and found insufficient evidence to recommend: Bedrest HCG Vitamin supplementation Tocolytics/beta-agonists

9 Threatened abortion management Meta-analysis showed lower miscarriage with progestin compared with placebo or none. (RR 0.53; 95% CI ) 4 studies, 2 oral 2 vaginal, 1 good study (the only one which did show significant difference by itself), vaginal subgroup analysis CI crossed 1 Regimens: PO dydrogesterone (Duphaston) 10 mg bid, continued until 1 week after bleeding stopped. PV 25 mg progesterone bid, cont until 14 d after bleeding stopped PV 90 mg progesterone (Crinone 8%) daily x 5d PO dydrogesterone 40 mg then 10 mg bid, treatment cont until 16 weeks RCOG guidelines find it probably cost effective to treat, but find insufficient evidence to treat based on quality of data, lack of long-term safety data. Dydrogesterone not available in US?

10 Spontaneous abortion Non-induced loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks; <500 g (WHO). 8-20% of clinically recognized pregnancies 13-36% of all pregnancies

11 Expectant vs active tx of Sab

12 Expectant vs active tx of Sab

13 Expectant vs active tx of Sab

14 Expectant vs active tx of Sab

15 Expectant vs active tx of Sab

16 Expectant vs active tx of Sab

17 Expectant vs active tx of Sab

18 Expectant vs active tx of Sab

19 Expectant vs active tx of Sab

20 Expectant vs active tx of Sab

21 Medical vs surgical tx of Sab

22 Medical vs surgical tx of Sab

23 Medical vs surgical tx of Sab

24 Medical vs surgical tx of Sab

25 Medical vs surgical tx of Sab

26 Medical vs surgical tx of Sab

27 Medical vs surgical tx of Sab Risk of Asherman s increases from 8% with 1 st or 2 nd D&C to 30% with 3 rd.

28 Medical vs surgical tx of Sab

29 Cytotec PV vs placebo: missed ab

30 Cytotec PV vs placebo: missed ab

31 RU-486 vs placebo: missed ab

32 Cytotec+RU-486 vs RU-486: missed ab

33 Cytotec Dose: missed ab

34 SL cyotec x1 or longer: missed ab

35 SL cyotec x1 or longer: missed ab

36 SL Cytotec x1 or more: missed ab

37 PO vs SL: missed ab

38 PO vs SL: missed ab

39 PO vs SL: missed ab

40 SL vs PV: missed ab

41 SL vs PV: missed ab

42 SL vs PV: missed ab

43 PO vs PV: missed ab

44 PO vs PV: missed ab

45 PO vs PV: missed ab

46 PO vs PV: missed ab

47 Cytotec PV vs placebo: incomplete

48 Dose of PO cytotec: incomplete

49 Dose of PO cytotec: incomplete

50 Dose of PO cytotec: incomplete

51 Cytotec PO vs PV: incomplete

52 Cytotec PO vs PV: incomplete

53 Cytotec PO vs SL: incomplete

54 Cytotec PO vs SL: incomplete

55 Rhogam Sab: yes, as many as 5% become isoimmunized without it Threatened abortion: controversial

56 Contraception post-sab Gaffield ME, Kapp N, Ravi A. Use of combined oral contraceptives post abortion. Contraception Oct;80(4): doi: /j.contraception Epub 2009 Jun 4. Systematic review: 7 articles identified, 1 involving spontaneous ab. Quality of data not great. Immediate COCs didn t increase bleeding after induced abortion in 1 st trimester. Coagulation parameters increased compared to copper IUD control. Clinical significance unknown. Increase VTE not reported. WHO and CDC Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use COCs, Depo, IUDs: no restriction after induced abortion IUD no restriction after 1 st trimester induced or spontaneous abortion Non-IUD methods no restriction in GTN (decreasing or persistently elevated HCG) Otherwise doesn t specify safety of contraception immediately post- Sab

57 Use single dose of 800 mcg dose vaginally or sublingually

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