Spontaneous abortion: Management. Grand Rounds 5/15/13 Jamie Peregrine, R2 WCGME OB/GYN
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1 Spontaneous abortion: Management Grand Rounds 5/15/13 Jamie Peregrine, R2 WCGME OB/GYN
2 Objectives Differentiate between abnormal pregnancies: ectopic vs missed/incomplete/complete abortion. Know where to look for management of spontaneous abortions Review management of threatened and incomplete abortions Discuss birth control options after abortion
3 Common presentations of abnormal pregnancies 9w0d by LMP, VBx4d, no IUP by TVS, UPREG+ quant 20,000; 48 hours later 18,000 9w0d by LMP, VB x4d, live IUP measures 8w5d by TVS w/ subchorionic hemorrhage >50% 9w0d by LMP, VBx4d, abd pn & back cramps, live IUP 8w5d by TVS, cervix 2cm w/ bleeding 11w0d by LMP, routine PNC, absent cardiac activity IUP 8w5d by TVS, cervix closed
4 Resources Williams OB 23 rd edition Ch 9 Abortion pp Creasy MFM 6 th edition Ch 33 Embryonic and Fetal Demise pp paragraph
5 Resources continued UpToDate ACOG practice bulletins No. 94 Medical management of ectopic pregnancy No. 67 Medical management of abortion RCOG NICE clinical guideline Diagnosis and initial management in early pregnancy of ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage Dec 2012 (281 pp)
6
7 Threatened abortion Bleeding through a closed cervical os, first ½ of pregnancy, +/- pain 20-25% of early pregnancies 50% of all threatened abs end in abortion, but 90-96% of pregnancies with fetal cardiac activity & VB at 7-11 weeks will result in ongoing pregnancy Managed expectantly until resolution, dx nonviable pregnancy, or progress to inevitable, incomplete, or complete Sab.
8 Threatened abortion management Cochrane reviewed RCTs and found insufficient evidence to recommend: Bedrest HCG Vitamin supplementation Tocolytics/beta-agonists
9 Threatened abortion management Meta-analysis showed lower miscarriage with progestin compared with placebo or none. (RR 0.53; 95% CI ) 4 studies, 2 oral 2 vaginal, 1 good study (the only one which did show significant difference by itself), vaginal subgroup analysis CI crossed 1 Regimens: PO dydrogesterone (Duphaston) 10 mg bid, continued until 1 week after bleeding stopped. PV 25 mg progesterone bid, cont until 14 d after bleeding stopped PV 90 mg progesterone (Crinone 8%) daily x 5d PO dydrogesterone 40 mg then 10 mg bid, treatment cont until 16 weeks RCOG guidelines find it probably cost effective to treat, but find insufficient evidence to treat based on quality of data, lack of long-term safety data. Dydrogesterone not available in US?
10 Spontaneous abortion Non-induced loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks; <500 g (WHO). 8-20% of clinically recognized pregnancies 13-36% of all pregnancies
11 Expectant vs active tx of Sab
12 Expectant vs active tx of Sab
13 Expectant vs active tx of Sab
14 Expectant vs active tx of Sab
15 Expectant vs active tx of Sab
16 Expectant vs active tx of Sab
17 Expectant vs active tx of Sab
18 Expectant vs active tx of Sab
19 Expectant vs active tx of Sab
20 Expectant vs active tx of Sab
21 Medical vs surgical tx of Sab
22 Medical vs surgical tx of Sab
23 Medical vs surgical tx of Sab
24 Medical vs surgical tx of Sab
25 Medical vs surgical tx of Sab
26 Medical vs surgical tx of Sab
27 Medical vs surgical tx of Sab Risk of Asherman s increases from 8% with 1 st or 2 nd D&C to 30% with 3 rd.
28 Medical vs surgical tx of Sab
29 Cytotec PV vs placebo: missed ab
30 Cytotec PV vs placebo: missed ab
31 RU-486 vs placebo: missed ab
32 Cytotec+RU-486 vs RU-486: missed ab
33 Cytotec Dose: missed ab
34 SL cyotec x1 or longer: missed ab
35 SL cyotec x1 or longer: missed ab
36 SL Cytotec x1 or more: missed ab
37 PO vs SL: missed ab
38 PO vs SL: missed ab
39 PO vs SL: missed ab
40 SL vs PV: missed ab
41 SL vs PV: missed ab
42 SL vs PV: missed ab
43 PO vs PV: missed ab
44 PO vs PV: missed ab
45 PO vs PV: missed ab
46 PO vs PV: missed ab
47 Cytotec PV vs placebo: incomplete
48 Dose of PO cytotec: incomplete
49 Dose of PO cytotec: incomplete
50 Dose of PO cytotec: incomplete
51 Cytotec PO vs PV: incomplete
52 Cytotec PO vs PV: incomplete
53 Cytotec PO vs SL: incomplete
54 Cytotec PO vs SL: incomplete
55 Rhogam Sab: yes, as many as 5% become isoimmunized without it Threatened abortion: controversial
56 Contraception post-sab Gaffield ME, Kapp N, Ravi A. Use of combined oral contraceptives post abortion. Contraception Oct;80(4): doi: /j.contraception Epub 2009 Jun 4. Systematic review: 7 articles identified, 1 involving spontaneous ab. Quality of data not great. Immediate COCs didn t increase bleeding after induced abortion in 1 st trimester. Coagulation parameters increased compared to copper IUD control. Clinical significance unknown. Increase VTE not reported. WHO and CDC Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use COCs, Depo, IUDs: no restriction after induced abortion IUD no restriction after 1 st trimester induced or spontaneous abortion Non-IUD methods no restriction in GTN (decreasing or persistently elevated HCG) Otherwise doesn t specify safety of contraception immediately post- Sab
57 Use single dose of 800 mcg dose vaginally or sublingually
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