The Internet. Education, business, entertainment and government are changing as the Internet moves into the lives of more and more people.

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1 1 is a network of millions of computers all over the world that are connected with each other and work together. It started in the USA in the 1970s and 1980s as a government project. The World Wide Web, which came up in the middle of the 1990s, made the Internet easy to use for everybody. Education, business, entertainment and government are changing as the Internet moves into the lives of more and more people. Networks A network is a group of computers that are connected to each other by cables or telephone lines. Most networks have one or more servers, more powerful computers that hold programmes and other data. A group of computers that are in the same room or building is usually called a LAN (Local Area Network). A Wide Area Network (WAN) connects computers that are far apart. How the Internet Works All computers that are connected to the Internet must speak the same language. It is called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol). and makes sure that information sent by one computer arrives at a certain destination. Every computer on the Internet has an IP address. It is made up of 4 groups of up to 3 numbers, separated by a dot. For example : Such an IP number can only occur once in the whole world. Because such numbers are difficult to remember, computers have names, like or If we want to get information from a certain computer we must type in its name. Special computers on the net have the job of turning names into numbers which computers can understand. Such computers are called Domain Name Servers (DNS). DNS My computer Microsoft server Words arrive = get to business =the buying and selling of goods came up = started certain =special connect = to join together data = information that is stored on a computer destination = a place where something or someone is going to dot =point education = teaching and learning entertainment =films, television and other performances that people go to or watch far apart = to be far away government =the people who rule a country make sure =to find out if something is true or see if it has been done network = a group of computers that are connected to each other and exchange information occur = happen, exist type = to write with a keyboard whole = all of

2 2 When a computer sends data to another computer it is broken up into many small packets. These small packets can travel on their own. When they get to their destination, the packets are put together again in the right order. Each of them may take different routes and they pass by many other computers to get there. Internet services 1. is the oldest and most popular form of communication between computers. People send messages to each other using an address. Such an address has two parts: the user name of a person and the name of the computer itself. These two parts are separated by john.meyer@aol.com top level domain the organisation or the country where the computer can be found user name normally a user can choose this part host name name of computer on the Internet 2. Newsgroups are discussion boards that let many people all over the world post messages on a certain topic. These messages are saved and people can read them over and over again. 3. Chats are live Internet meetings in which you type a message into your keyboard and it appears immediately on the screens of other chatters. Groups of people meet in chat rooms where they talk about subjects they like. Words appear = you can see it board = group broken up =split apart certain = special communication = the way of sending information data = information that is stored on a computer destination = a place where something or someone is going to immediately = at once, right away message = written information that you send to someone on their own =by themselves packet =small part popular = liked by a lot of people post = to put a message on the Internet so that people can read it right order = in the same way that they started out route = path, a way from one place to another separate =divide screen =computer monitor subject = thing that you talk about topic = subject, field of interest top level = highest type = to write with a keyboard user name =a special name or word that allows you to work on a computer or send and get s

3 3 4. The World Wide Web is another popular way of sharing information on the Internet. It uses a special language called HTML, which stands for Hypertext Markup Language. A document on the web can have text, pictures, animations, videos and music. Hyperlinks allow you to move to other documents on the same computer or let you travel around the world to another computer on the Internet. If you want to read web pages you need a special kind of programme called a web browser, that can understand these documents. Common web browsers are the Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator or Firefox. There are over 10 billion documents on the web. Each one of them has a unique address called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator). It looks like this: name of computer on which the information can be found name of document or file HTTP tells the browser that this is a web page directory or folder on the computer People today like to start their web browser and click from one website to another to find information or to see what s new. This is called browsing the net. Finding Information and the World Wide Web have put a world of information at our doorstep. But how can we find what we re looking for? Search engines help us find the information we need. Most of them use programmes called spiders that visit as many websites as they can and put them into a catalogue or index. However, Internet users must be careful. Just about anyone can put information on the web. Some of that information may be very accurate, but other information may be completely wrong. So it s up to us to find out what s right and what s wrong. Words accurate = true and correct allow =let billion = 1,000 million browse the net =to search for information on the Internet catalogue = a complete list of things common = a lot of people use it directory =catalogue, listing document = a page doorstep = very near your home file = information on your computer that you store under a special name folder =directory, listing however =but index = here: database with a list of names or other information it s up to us = it s the work we have to do, it s our job popular = liked by a lot of people search engine = a computer programme that helps you find information on the Internet share = to use together stands for = means unique = there is only one in the whole world website = a place on the Internet where you can find information about something

4 4 How we use the Internet and the World Wide Web play important roles in many areas of life: Words More and more products are sold over the net. Companies advertise their products on websites and customers can buy them online without going to a shop. Software can be downloaded from servers. News agencies, newspapers and TV stations bring breaking news stories to a worldwide audience. You can watch videos,listen to interviews and look at photos of major events whenever you want to. People buy fewer CDs in music stores. More and more songs are downloaded from the Internet and copied to a discman or an MP3 player. Schools and universities use the Internet to find information. Pupils often get their homework over the Internet or send teachers essays and other homework. Pupils and teachers communicate with each other by and in chat sessions. Scientists all over the world share information on different kinds of projects and experiments. It is even possible to make instruments, like telescopes or microscopes, work by remote control. has made travelling easier. You can book holidays and buy flight tickets on the net. advertise = to tell people about a product, so that they can buy it audience = people who watch or listen to something area = field breaking = here: an important event becomes known communicate = to exchange information company = an organisation that makes or sells something customer = a person who buys something download = to move from a computer on the Internet to your own computer essay = if you write about your ideas on a subject few = not many major = big, important microscope = an instrument that makes small things look larger MP3 player = a small machine that can play music that is downloaded from the web news agency = an organisation that collects news stories and gives them to newspapers, radio and TV stations online = if you are connected to the Internet remote control =a thing you use to control a TV or a radio without having to touch it role = part scientist =a person who is trained in science share = use together session = meeting server = a big computer on a network that controls all the others telescope = an instrument with which you can see things in space website = a place on the Internet where you can find information about something worldwide = in the whole world

5 5 Dangers on the Internet has many good sides but there are also dangers on the net. Here are some things that you should be aware of: Viruses are small computer programmes that are created by people who want to do damage to the Internet. They are made to make computers slower or, in some cases, erase important information or even make a computer crash. has made it easy to send these programmes from one computer to another. Very often, you get a virus by opening a file that comes with an . You can protect yourself by using anti-virus programmes. They warn you if a virus has reached your computer or if something is wrong. Do not open attachments if you don t know who sent them! User names and passwords are very important personal information. When you browse the web there are many websites where you have to type in such information. You also need a password to read your . Protect your passwords from other eyes. Think of passwords that are difficult to find out. Don t use your phone number or your date of birth. Use a combination of numbers and letters Store your passwords in a safe place and don t show them to anybody. Hackers are waiting to take control of your computer. Use a firewall to keep them out. From time to time security holes are discovered. Always download patches that give your operating system more protection. Log offline when you don t need the Internet. Be careful when you buy something from online stores and make sure you are using a safe connection. A closed lock at the bottom of your browser shows you that you are on a safe website. Words attachment = a file that comes with an aware = be careful of browse the web = to click from one website to another case =situation connection =to join together crash = here : it suddenly stops working create = make damage =the harm done to something date of birth = the day, month and year of your birth discover = to find out about something erase = to remove information from a computer file = information on your computer that you store under a special name firewall = a system that protects your computer so that others cannot read data that you have saved or change programmes from time to time= sometimes hacker = a person who gets into your computer and changes information that you have saved lock = an object that keeps something closed so that you cannot get in log offline = to stop using the Internet make sure =to find out if something is true or see if it has been done operating system =a system in a computer that helps all the programs work together patch = a small computer programme that you install to make your computer safer protect =defend, guard reach = get to security holes =areas into which viruses can get into your system store = save type = write with a keyboard user name =a special name or word that allows you to open special pages on the net website = a place on the Internet where you can find information about something

6 6 Internet ABC Words BOOKMARK BROWSER DOMAIN DOWNLOAD FAQ GIF HTML HYPERLINK INTERNET JPEG MODEM NETWORK the way of saving web pages so that you can go back to them or find them again A programme that finds information on the Internet and shows it on your computer screen the first part of a website s address ; it usually begins with www and ends with.com,.org,.net or other letters that show which country the website is from to copy information from a computer on the Internet to your own computer electronic messages or letters that you send from one computer to another is a short word for Frequently Asked Questions ; questions that many people ask a type of computer file that pictures on the Internet use a computer language that is used to write web pages on the World Wide Web ; it stands for Hypertext Markup Language a word or a picture on a web page that will take you to another page when you click on it all the computers that are connected together on a big worldwide network so that they can communicate with each other a type of graphic file that is used for pictures and photos on the Internet a device that you connect to your computer and the telephone line; it changes data that comes from the telephone to information that you can see on your computer two or more computers that are connected to each other so that they can share information communicate = to exchange information connect = to join together data = information that is stored on a computer device = a machine file = information on your computer that you store under a special name frequent = often message = written information that you send to someone save = store share = to use together stands for = means website = a place on the Internet where you can find information about something worldwide = all over the world OFFLINE if your computer is not connected to the Internet ONLINE a computer that is connected to the Internet WEBSITE a place on the Internet where you can find information about something

7 7 Answer the following questions! How and when did the Internet start? What is a LAN? Which of the following are correct IP addresses? What jobs do domain name servers have? How do chat sessions work? The most popular service on the Internet is the What do you need a web browser for? What is the problem with information that you can find on the Internet? Why don t people buy so many CDs any more? How can viruses damage your computer? What do hackers do and how can you protect yourself? What should you do before you buy something online?

8 8 How can we use the Internet? Write down a few things you can think of!

9 9 Match the Internet terms on the left with their meanings on the right! A WAN people all over the world post messages on certain topics B Domain Name Server file type that is used for photos C powerful computer that controls many smaller ones D E F G top level domain newsgroups HTML browser small computer programme that can damage your system people send messages or letters to each other with the help of a computer a word or picture on a web page that can take you to another place when you click on it a network that connects computers that are very far apart. H server another word for Internet address I MP3 language that is used to write web pages J virus it changes the names of computers into numbers K modem to communicate with someone by typing a message into a keyboard L hyperlink type of music that can be downloaded from the Internet M N hacker URL special programme that finds information on the net and shows it on your computer screen a person somewhere in the world who wants to get into your computer and control it O chat it connects your computer with the telephone line P JPEG the organisation or the country where the computer is located

10 10 Describe the parts of an Internet address! How can you get information on the Internet? Write the main steps into the boxes!

11 11 Rewrite the paragraphs! Many sentences in the following text are wrong. Underline the parts that are wrong and rewrite a correct version of the text in the second box! Every computer on the Internet has a mail address. It is made up of up to 20 numbers. Sometimes two computers have the same address. If you want to read a web page you need a special computer. The only language that it understands is FAQ. A document can only have text or pictures. There are special elements called bookmarks that let you browse from page to page. Hackers sometimes want to help you when you are in trouble. They find out your networks and take control of your domain. You should use a network to keep them out.

12 12 How the Internet has changed my life! - Write a short essay!

13 13 Complete the text on how we use the Internet by filling in the correct words from the box at the bottom! Today, the Internet plays a major in our lives. sell more and more over the net and we can go without leaving our house. has also made easier. Just visit a and book a holiday or a flight. If you want to buy buy just it from the Internet. CDs are bought in music stores. Especially younger people download their music as MP3 files. Whenever in the world happens, the Internet can take you their very. You can read news stories, watch or listen to interviews on the web. More and more schools and are using the Internet to students and pupils. They can communicate with their teachers by or and they even get their homework over the net. Scientists can share information on and other results over the net. It is even possible to telescopes or other that are far away. chat favourite role travelling companies fewer shopping universities control instruments software video clips download products something website experiments quickly teach

14 14 1 Crossword Across Created with EclipseCrossword Down 2. to write with a keyboard 4. if you are connected to the Internet you are information that is stored on a computer 8. to use together 11. true and correct 13. network of computers that are usually in the same building or room 14. a system that protects your computer from anyone who wants to take control of it 15. to tell people about a product so that they can buy it 16. a file that comes with an 1. a place where something or someone is going to 3. the way of saving web pages so that you can go back to them at any time 6. a small programme you can download to make your system safer 7. another word for monitor 8. programme that helps you find information on the Internet (2 words) 9. to remove information from a computer 10. to move data from a computer on the Internet to your own computer 12. file type for pictures on the Internet