Contents. 1. Basic Electricity, Light and Sound 1

Transcription

1 1. Basic Electricity, Light and Sound 1 The Structure of an Atom 3 The Formation of Compounds 4 Types of Electricity 6 Static Electricity 6 Capacitance 10 Current Electricity 12 Thermal and Chemical Effects of Currents 19 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current 30 Magnets and Earth Magnetism 40 Electromagnetic Induction 47 Electric Shock 62 Physical Principles of Light 65 Physical Principles of Sound Low Frequency Currents 75 Faradic Type Current 75 Electrotherapeutic Currents 76 Waveforms 85 Current Modulation 89 Indications for the use of Low Frequency Currents 90 Physiological Effects of Low Frequency Currents 92 Methods of Treatment 94 Treatment of Patient s Condition 94 Proforma for Patient s Assessment 94 Median Nerve Stimulation 98 Ulnar Nerve Stimulation 101 Radial Nerve Stimulation 104 Erb s Paralysis 106 Facial Nerve Stimulation 108 Deltoid Inhibition 111 Quadriceps Inhibition 112 Lateral Popliteal Nerve Injury 113 Faradism Under Pressure 115 Faradic Foot Bath 116

2 xviii Textbook of Electrotherapy Common Motor Points 119 Strength Duration Curve 124 Iontophoresis 128 Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation 129 Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation Medium Frequency Currents 135 Rebox-type Currents 135 Russian Currents 135 Interferential Therapy 136 Methods of Treatment 139 Treatment of Patient s Condition 139 Proforma for Patient s Assessment 140 Low Back Pain 143 Periarthritis Shoulder 145 Osteoarthritis Knee 147 Absorption of Exudates 148 Stress Incontinence High Frequency Currents 151 Diathermy 151 Short Wave Diathermy 151 Capacitor Field Method 154 Cable Method or Inductothermy 161 Physiological Effects of Heating the Tissues 163 Therapeutic Effects of Short Wave Diathermy 164 Dangers of Short Wave Diathermy 166 Contraindications of Short Wave Diathermy 168 Pulsed Short Wave Diathermy 169 Microwave Diathermy 169 Long Wave Diathermy 172 Methods of Treatment 173 Treatment of the Patient s Condition 173 Proforma for Patient s Assessment 173 Cervical Spondylosis 175 Periarthritis Shoulder 177 Low Back Ache 179 Lumbar Spondylosis 182 Short Wave Diathermy to Hip Joint 183 Sciatica 184 Osteoarthritis of Knee 185 Secondary Osteoarthritis 186

3 xix Ligament Injuries 188 Plantar Fasciitis 192 Salpingitis (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) Radiation Therapy 196 Infrared Radiations 196 Dangers of Infrared Radiations 201 Contraindications 202 Methods of Treatment 202 Treatment of Patient s Condition 202 Infrared Radiations 202 Proforma for Patient s Assessment 202 Low Back Ache 204 Postimmobilization Stiffness 207 Absorption of Exudates or Edema 208 The Ultraviolet Radiations 209 Production of Ultraviolet Radiations 209 Techniques of Application 211 Techniques of General Irradiation 212 Physiological Effects of Ultraviolet Radiations 212 Indications of Ultraviolet Irradiations 213 Contraindications 215 Methods of Treatment 216 Treatment of Patient s Condition 216 Ultraviolet Radiations 216 Proforma for Patient s Assessment 216 Ulcers 218 Acne Vulgaris 220 Pressure Sores 221 Psoriasis 221 Rickets 223 General Debilitating Condition 223 Vitiligo 224 Alopecia 224 Sensitizers Laser Therapy 226 Methods of Treatment 232 Treatment of Patient s Condition 232 Proforma for Patient s Assessment 232 Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis) 234 Supraspinatus Tendinitis 235

4 xx Textbook of Electrotherapy Golfer s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis) 236 Plantar Fasciitis Superficial Heating Modalities 237 Paraffin Wax Bath Therapy 237 Proforma for Patient s Assessment 239 Hotpacks/Hydrocollator Packs 240 Electric Heating Pads 241 Whirlpool Bath 241 Contrast Bath 242 Heliotherapy 243 Sauna Bath Ultrasonic Therapy 245 Techniques and Methods of Application 252 Physiological Effects of Ultrasound 257 Therapeutic Uses of Ultrasound 259 Dangers of Ultrasound 260 Contraindications 260 Phonophoresis 262 Combination Therapy 264 Shock Wave Therapy 265 Methods of Treatment 266 Treatment of Patient s Condition 266 Ultrasound Therapy 267 Proforma for Patient s Assessment 267 Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis) 268 Golfer s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis) 269 Supraspinatus Tendinitis 270 De Quervain s Disease (Tenosynovitis) 270 Bicipital Tendinitis 271 Subdeltoid Bursitis 271 Subacromial Bursitis 272 Metatarsalgia Cryotherapy 273 Physiological Effects and Therapeutic Uses of Cold Therapy 276 Dangers and Contraindications 277 Proforma for Patient s Assessment 277 Ankle Sprain 278 Muscle Contusion/Hematoma 279

5 xxi 10. Biofeedback Electromyography 287 The Electromyographic Examination 293 Kinesiological Electromyography 296 Nerve Conduction Velocity 296 Glossary 305 Suggested Reading 315 Index 317