wavelength 2 cycles wavelength 4 cycles
|
|
- Shonda French
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Waves Frequency: Cycles per second But that is too simple so instead we call one cycle per second a Hertz (Hz) 1000 cycles/second = 1000 Hz = 1 kilohertz = 1 khz 1,000,000 Hz = 1 megahertz = 1 MHz 1,000,000,000 Hz = 1 gigahertz = 1 GHz wavelength 2 cycles wavelength 4 cycles low frequency means long wavelength high frequency means short wavelength 1 Basic terminology needed to talk about radio waves. Radio waves travel 300,000,000 meters per second so we could think of these figures as showing one second in time, or 300,000,000 meters in space. 1
2 Sound Waves and Radio Waves Sound waves from microphone: 20 20,000 Hz Modulator AM, FM, etc. Amplifier Boosts power level Radio wave carrier Antenna Transmitter power levels: Antenna size depends Walkie-talkie: 5 watts or less on wavelength: Ham radio: watts high frequency Broadcaster: ,000 watts = short wavelength (An ordinary light bulb uses 60 watts) = small antenna 2 The transmitter takes a pure radio carrier wave and modulates it with audio information (voice, music, etc.) Common types of modulation are shown in the handout: AM, FM, CW. Hams often use single side band (SSB) which is a modified version of AM that uses less bandwidth. Simple antennas are a half or quarter wavelength in size though there are various tricks for making them shorter (and usually less effective.) Receivers perform the reverse action: pick up signals from the antenna, amplify them, and de-modulate (or detect) them to pull out the audio information for you to listen to. 2
3 Wavelength: 1000 m 100 m 10 m 1 m 0.1 m Long Wave Medium Short Wave Wave Frequency: 300 khz 3 MHz 30 MHz 300 MHz 3 GHz LF MF HF VHF UHF AM broadcast Where is amateur radio? On many bands from the top of MF through UHF. Broadcasters, military, etc. TV channels 2-13 FM broadcast GPS Cell phones TV channels This portion of the radio spectrum is what we are interested in here. The spectrum actually includes lower and higher frequencies than shown here. There are numerous radio services not shown here see the NTIA spectrum chart for the full story. Notice again that long waves correspond to low frequencies. 3
4 Radio Waves Travel Direct waves go straight from the transmitter to your radio. Ionosphere Skywaves are reflected off the ionosphere and can be picked up hundreds or thousands of kilometers away. 4 You can always pick up a transmitted signal if it is in sight and you are standing in the direction the antenna is aimed. Some antennas have narrow beams (directional) while others send radio waves in all directions (nondirectional or omnidirectional) Some radio waves can travel far beyond what you can see from the transmitter antenna. These radio waves are reflected by the ionosphere (or sometimes other things in the lower atmosphere) and can be picked up on the other side of the earth if conditions are right. 4
5 Daytime Skywave Off to outer space F region: > 250 km E region: ~120 km D region: < 100 km Absorbed! HF can be picked up far, far away! MF HF VHF 300 khz 3 MHz 30 MHz 300 MHz 5 Sunlight ionizes the upper atmosphere (rips electrons away from the atoms) creating several regions that reflect radio waves. The D region absorbs radio waves in the MF and low HF range so there are no skywaves in the daytime. The E region reflects radio waves in the lower HF range. Sometimes a strange version called sporadic E can reflect radio waves up to the VHF range, but it is not the usual state. The F region is at the highest altitude and can reflect radio waves farthest if the waves have not already been absorbed or reflected by the D and E regions. Normally VHF and UHF signals pass right through the ionosphere and out into space, so these frequencies are used for satellite and space probe communication. 5
6 Nighttime Skywave Off to outer space F region: > 300 km No D-region absorption! Both MF and MF HF VHF HF can be heard over 300 khz 3 MHz 30 MHz 300 MHz long distances 6 At night when sunlight goes away, the D and E regions fade away. The F region drifts upward and fades slowly, but it usually survives until sunlight returns in the morning. With the D region out of the way, MF waves (AM radio stations) can be reflected over long distances, and HF waves tend to have the farthest reflections. VHF and UHF waves still head off into space.
7 VHF and UHF waves travel line-of-sight Works great over a couple of miles if nothing much is in between. Not so great if there are buildings or mountains in the way. 10 VHF and UHF do not usually have skywaves. There are somewhat unusual cases where skywave propagation occurs: reflection from auroras, strong sporadic E, and tropospheric ducting. For our purposes, we won t worry about these cases. Basic VHF and UHF communication relies on direct waves from the transmitter to the receiver, which are limited to line of sight as far as you can see. If mountains or tall buildings get in the way, you may not be able to communicate.
8 VHF and UHF use repeaters for better coverage Everyone who can see the repeater can talk to each other, even if they cannot see each other. 11 The solution is to put repeaters on tall buildings or mountains where line-ofsight is very good. The repeater listens on one frequency and transmits what it hears on a slightly different frequency. People can talk to each other through the repeater when direct (simplex) communication is impossible. Broadcast stations use a similar method to increase coverage.
9 12
1. Introduction. FER-Zagreb, Satellite communication systems 2011/12
1. Introduction Topics History Characteristics of satellite communications Frequencies Application 1 History Arthur C. Clark suggested in 1945. Earth coverage with 3 geostationary satellites. On 4th of
More informationYerkes Summer Institute 2002
Before we begin our investigations into radio waves you should review the following material on your trip up to Yerkes. For some of you this will be a refresher, but others may want to spend more time
More informationTechnician Licensing Class. Lesson 1. presented by the Arlington Radio Public Service Club Arlington County, Virginia
Technician Licensing Class Lesson 1 presented by the Arlington Radio Public Service Club Arlington County, Virginia 1 FCC Rules Sub element T1 2 Why Amateur Radio? The basis & purpose of the amateur service
More informationMobile use, radio signals and health
Mobile use, radio signals and health Mobile use, radio signals and health How does the mobile network work? Since the 1970s, the use of various types of radio transmitters has risen dramatically, to the
More informationPropagation: The science and study of radio wave reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and scattering.
Propagation: The science and study of radio wave reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and scattering. Hamvention Reuben Meeks, W8GUC Electronics, R.F. Engineer, Frank J. Beafore
More informationRadio Merit Badge Workbook
Merit Badge Workbook This workbook can help you but you still need to read the merit badge pamphlet. The work space provided for each requirement should be used by the Scout to make notes for discussing
More informationRegional Emergency Communications. John Walters W8CX Alpena RACES
Regional Emergency Communications John Walters W8CX Alpena RACES Regional Communications Needs 400 mile radius No skip zone; no dead spots No interference with or from broadcasters Reliable day/night coverage
More informationTechnician Licensing Class
Technician Licensing Class Antennas Presented by Amateur Radio Technician Class Element 2 Course Presentation ELEMENT 2 SUB-ELEMENTS (Groupings) About Ham Radio Call Signs Control Mind the Rules Tech Frequencies
More informationGermanium Diode AM Radio
Germanium Diode AM Radio LAB 3 3.1 Introduction In this laboratory exercise you will build a germanium diode based AM (Medium Wave) radio. Earliest radios used simple diode detector circuits. The diodes
More informationAntennas & Propagation. CS 6710 Spring 2010 Rajmohan Rajaraman
Antennas & Propagation CS 6710 Spring 2010 Rajmohan Rajaraman Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors o Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space o Reception
More informationApplication Note Receiving HF Signals with a USRP Device Ettus Research
Application Note Receiving HF Signals with a USRP Device Ettus Research Introduction The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum between 3 and 30 MHz is commonly referred to as the HF band. Due to the propagation
More informationAM TRANSMITTERS & RECEIVERS
Reading 30 Ron Bertrand VK2DQ http://www.radioelectronicschool.com AM TRANSMITTERS & RECEIVERS Revision: our definition of amplitude modulation. Amplitude modulation is when the modulating audio is combined
More informationsources in our environment i.e. Natural and man-made. The sun, earth and ionosphere are the natural source.
Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) consist of waves of electric and magnetic energy moving together at the speed of light and sometimes is referred as electromagnetic field (EMF) They are basically two forms
More informationCHAPTER 4. Electromagnetic Spectrum
ELEC4504 Avionics Systems 9 CHAPTER 4. Electromagnetic Spectrum 4.1. Electromagnetic (EM) Waves In free space (or the atmosphere) the electric field is perpendicular to the magnetic field and both are
More informationR adio. Enhancing our youths competitive edge through merit badges
R ADIO STEM-Based BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA MERIT BADGE SERIES R adio Enhancing our youths competitive edge through merit badges Requirements 1. Explain what radio is. Then discuss the following: a. The differences
More informationKHF 1050. Pilot s Guide. HF Communications System. (with PS440 Control Display Unit)
N Pilot s Guide KHF 1050 HF Communications System (with PS440 Control Display Unit) WARNING The enclosed technical data is eligible for export under License Designation NLR and is to be used solely by
More informationINTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND TRANSMISSION MEDIA
COMM.ENG INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND TRANSMISSION MEDIA 9/6/2014 LECTURES 1 Objectives To give a background on Communication system components and channels (media) A distinction between analogue
More informationAN INTRODUCTION TO TELEMETRY PART 1: TELEMETRY BASICS
AN INTRODUCTION TO TELEMETRY PART 1: TELEMETRY BASICS Telemetry is defined as the sensing and measuring of information at some remote location and then transmitting that information to a central or host
More informationElectromagnetic (EM) waves. Electric and Magnetic Fields. L 30 Electricity and Magnetism [7] James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)
L 30 Electricity and Magnetism [7] ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES Faraday laid the groundwork with his discovery of electromagnetic induction Maxwell added the last piece of the puzzle Heinrich Hertz made the experimental
More informationStudy of RF Spectrum Emissions in High Pressure Sodium and Metal Halide Lamps. Lawrence P. Glaister VE7IT, Automation Engineer.
Study of RF Spectrum Emissions in High Pressure Sodium and Metal Halide Lamps Lawrence P. Glaister VE7IT, Automation Engineer May 2010 Abstract: This research was performed in collaboration with the City
More informationSingle Transistor FM Transmitter Design
Single Transistor FM Transmitter Design In telecommunications, frequency modulation (FM) conveys information over a carrier wave by varying its frequency. FM is commonly used at VHF radio frequencies for
More informationMeteor Radar SDR Receiver (FUNcube Dongle)
1 Introduction This article describes recent experiments with the software defined radio equipment known as the FUNcube Dongle (FCD) 1 to determine its usefulness as the receiver in a Meteor Scatter Radar.
More informationDT3: RF On/Off Remote Control Technology. Rodney Singleton Joe Larsen Luis Garcia Rafael Ocampo Mike Moulton Eric Hatch
DT3: RF On/Off Remote Control Technology Rodney Singleton Joe Larsen Luis Garcia Rafael Ocampo Mike Moulton Eric Hatch Agenda Radio Frequency Overview Frequency Selection Signals Methods Modulation Methods
More informationADS Chapter 564 Security Communications
ADS Chapter 564 Security Communications Document Quality Check Date: 10/02/2012 Partial Revision Date: 12/30/2011 Responsible Office: SEC/CTIS File Name: 564_100212 12/30/2011 Partial Revision Functional
More informationPDHonline Course L105 (12 PDH) GPS Surveying. Instructor: Jan Van Sickle, P.L.S. PDH Online PDH Center
PDHonline Course L105 (12 PDH) GPS Surveying Instructor: Jan Van Sickle, P.L.S. 2012 PDH Online PDH Center 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030-6658 Phone & Fax: 703-988-0088 www.pdhonline.org www.pdhcenter.com
More informationSATELLITE COMMUNICATION
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION By Gaurish Kumar Tripathi. 1.0 INTRODUCTION: The use of satellite in communication system is very much a fact of everyday in life. This is evidence by the many homes, which are
More informationUSING HF. HF transceivers can provide an entire world of communications options, and challenges.
USING HF Original idea from Dan Manningham HF transceivers can provide an entire world of communications options, and challenges. High frequency (HF) radio is perhaps the oldest form of airborne radio
More informationSignal directionality Lower frequency signals are omnidirectional Higher frequency signals can be focused in a directional beam
Transmission Media Transmission medium Physical path between transmitter and receiver May be guided (wired) or unguided (wireless) Communication achieved by using em waves Characteristics and quality of
More informationRadio Communications
Radio Communications In the Digital Age Volume 1 HF TECHNOLOGY Edition 2 First Edition: September 1996 Second Edition: October 2005 Harris Corporation 2005 All rights reserved Library of Congress Catalog
More informationData Transmission. Data Communications Model. CSE 3461 / 5461: Computer Networking & Internet Technologies. Presentation B
CSE 3461 / 5461: Computer Networking & Internet Technologies Data Transmission Presentation B Kannan Srinivasan 08/30/2012 Data Communications Model Figure 1.2 Studying Assignment: 3.1-3.4, 4.1 Presentation
More informationEE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission. Prof. Murat Torlak
Path Loss Radio Wave Propagation The wireless radio channel puts fundamental limitations to the performance of wireless communications systems Radio channels are extremely random, and are not easily analyzed
More informationThe Phase Modulator In NBFM Voice Communication Systems
The Phase Modulator In NBFM Voice Communication Systems Virgil Leenerts 8 March 5 The phase modulator has been a point of discussion as to why it is used and not a frequency modulator in what are called
More informationANTENNA CONSTRUCTION AND PROPAGATION OF RADIO WAVES
MCI 2515H MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE ANTENNA CONSTRUCTION AND PROPAGATION OF RADIO WAVES MARINE BARRACKS WASHINGTON, DC UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE 912 POOR STREET S. E. WASHINGTON NAVY
More informationMAINTENANCE & ADJUSTMENT
MAINTENANCE & ADJUSTMENT Circuit Theory The concept of PLL system frequency synthesization is not of recent development, however, it has not been a long age since the digital theory has been couplet with
More informationModulation Methods SSB and DSB
Modulation Methods SSB and DSB William Sheets K2MQJ Rudolf F. Graf KA2CWL SSB or Single Sideband, is a type of AM without the carrier and one sideband. DSB or double sideband is AM with the carrier suppressed,
More informationFURTHER READING: As a preview for further reading, the following reference has been provided from the pages of the book below:
FURTHER READING: As a preview for further reading, the following reference has been provided from the pages of the book below: Title: Cellular/PCS Management Author: Paul Beddel Publisher: McGraw-Hill
More informationHomebuilt HF Radios for Use Underground Paul R. Jorgenson KE7HR
Homebuilt HF Radios for Use Underground Paul R. Jorgenson KE7HR With the good success in using Amateur Band HF radio for underground communications, I started looking for cheaper alternatives to the $500+
More informationcommunication over wireless link handling mobile user who changes point of attachment to network
Wireless Networks Background: # wireless (mobile) phone subscribers now exceeds # wired phone subscribers! computer nets: laptops, palmtops, PDAs, Internet-enabled phone promise anytime untethered Internet
More informationData Transmission. Raj Jain. Professor of CIS. The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH 43210 Jain@ACM.Org http://www.cis.ohio-state.
Data Transmission Professor of CIS Columbus, OH 43210 Jain@ACM.Org http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/ 2-1 Overview Time Domain and Frequency Domain Bit, Hertz Decibels Data vs Signal Attenuation, Delay
More informationHAM FOR HACKERS TAKE BACK THE AIRWAVES. JonM DEFCON 16
HAM FOR HACKERS TAKE BACK THE AIRWAVES JonM DEFCON 16 JonM Licensed Amateur Extra the highest class of license in the US Operating since 2000 Radio is just one of my hobbies software security consulting
More informationCOLLATED QUESTIONS: ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
COLLATED QUESTIONS: ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 2011(2): WAVES Doppler radar can determine the speed and direction of a moving car. Pulses of extremely high frequency radio waves are sent out in a narrow
More informationAbout Me" List of Lectures" In This Course" Mobile and Sensor Systems. Lecture 1: Introduction to Wireless Systems" " Dr. Cecilia Mascolo" "
About Me Reader in Mobile Systems NetOS Research Group Research on Mobile, Social and Sensor Systems More specifically, Human Mobility and Social Network modelling Opportunistic Mobile Networks Mobile
More informationCIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 9 AIR SPACE AND AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SERIES 'D' PART VI
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA OFFICE OF DIRECTOR GENERAL OF CIVIL AVIATION TECHNICAL CENTRE, OPP SAFDARJANG AIRPORT, NEW DELHI CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 9 AIR SPACE AND AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SERIES 'D'
More informationThere are at least six ways to go about loading a short vertical monopole.
With a mobile installation and most base locations, the HF seems to pose problems especially using the top band. 160 meters is also known as the top band. It is the only frequency group in the MF band
More informationMobile Communications Chapter 2: Wireless Transmission
Mobile Communications Chapter 2: Wireless Transmission Frequencies Signals Antennas Signal propagation Multiplexing Spread spectrum Modulation Cellular systems Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.jochenschiller.de/
More informationMEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF RF EME LEVELS FROM MOBILE TELEPHONE BASE STATIONS LOCATED AT LEICHHARDT, NSW
AUSTRALIAN RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AGENCY A R P N S A Lower Plenty Road YALLAMBIE VIC 3085 Phone 61 3 9433 2211 Fax 61 3 9432 1835 E-mail: arpansa@health.gov.au Web: www.arpansa.gov.au
More informationImplementing Digital Wireless Systems. And an FCC update
Implementing Digital Wireless Systems And an FCC update Spectrum Repacking Here We Go Again: The FCC is reallocating 600 MHz Frequencies for Wireless Mics 30-45 MHz (8-m HF) 174-250 MHz (VHF) 450-960 MHz
More informationWestern Washington Amateur Relay Association
WWARA BAND PLANS NOTE: This document has exactly the same content as the Western Washington Amateur Relay Association Coordination Policies (Adopted June 3, 2004) but is easier to read. It was written
More informationT = 1 f. Phase. Measure of relative position in time within a single period of a signal For a periodic signal f(t), phase is fractional part t p
Data Transmission Concepts and terminology Transmission terminology Transmission from transmitter to receiver goes over some transmission medium using electromagnetic waves Guided media. Waves are guided
More informationRepeaters what are they and how to use them
Repeaters what are they and how to use them More hams use frequency-modulated (FM) voice than any other communications mode. Most hams have an FM rig of some type. They use it to keep in touch with their
More informationIntroduction : Historical Perspective
CHAPTER 1 Introduction : Historical Perspective 1.1. INTRODUCTION : HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Ever since human beings learnt to communicate, the goal is to send and to receive maximum information over vast
More informationChapter 4 Solution to Problems
Chapter 4 Solution to Problems Question #1. A C-band earth station has an antenna with a transmit gain of 54 db. The transmitter output power is set to 100 W at a frequency of 6.100 GHz. The signal is
More informationDAB Digital Radio Broadcasting. Dr. Campanella Michele
DAB Digital Radio Broadcasting Dr. Campanella Michele Intel Telecomponents Via degli Ulivi n. 3 Zona Ind. 74020 Montemesola (TA) Italy Phone +39 0995664328 Fax +39 0995932061 Email:info@telecomponents.com
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R F.1113. (Question ITU-R 157/9) b) that systems using this mode of propagation are already in service for burst data transmission,
Rec. ITU-R F.1113 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R F.1113 RADIO SYSTEMS EMPLOYING METEOR-BURST PROPAGATION (Question ITU-R 157/9) (1994) Rec. ITU-R F.1113 The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that
More informationCommunication Systems
AM/FM Receiver Communication Systems We have studied the basic blocks o any communication system Modulator Demodulator Modulation Schemes: Linear Modulation (DSB, AM, SSB, VSB) Angle Modulation (FM, PM)
More informationFILTERS - IN RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
Reading 32 Ron Bertrand VK2DQ http://www.radioelectronicschool.com FILTERS - IN RADIO COMMUNICATIONS RADIO SIGNALS In radio communications we talk a lot about radio signals. A radio signal is a very broad
More informationSHTF Survivalist Radio Frequency List Page - 1 - of 7
SHTF Survivalist Radio Frequency List Page - 1 - of 7 SHTF Survivalist Radio Frequency List Page - 2 - of 7 Wallet size frequency list (PRINT) SHTF Survivalist Radio Frequency List === BAND === CHAN. FREQUENCY
More informationEnvironmental Monitoring: Guide to Selecting Wireless Communication Solutions
Environmental Monitoring: Guide to Selecting Wireless Communication Solutions By: Scott South Published in WaterWorld, January 2005 (Page 48) Rapidly growing demands for information and increased productivity
More informationAudio processing and ALC in the FT-897D
Audio processing and ALC in the FT-897D I recently bought an FT-897D, and after a period of operation noticed problems with what I perceived to be a low average level of output power and reports of muffled
More informationGSM frequency planning
GSM frequency planning Band : 890-915 and 935-960 MHz Channel spacing: 200 khz (but signal bandwidth = 400 khz) Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN) lower band: upper band: F l (n) = 890.2 +
More informationINTRODUCTION FIGURE 1 1. Cosmic Rays. Gamma Rays. X-Rays. Ultraviolet Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red Infrared. Ultraviolet.
INTRODUCTION Fibre optics behave quite different to metal cables. The concept of information transmission is the same though. We need to take a "carrier" signal, identify a signal parameter we can modulate,
More informationJust a Dipole. Gary Wescom N0GW July 16, 2007
Just a Dipole Gary Wescom N0GW July 16, 2007 Often we will hear people describing their antennas as just a dipole. After all, a coax cable fed, half wavelength dipole is one of the simplest antennas to
More informationOfficial USA Amateur Radio Band-Plans; reference the ARRL. 160 Meters (1.8-2.0 MHz) 80 Meters (3.5-4.0 MHz) 60 Meters (5 MHz channels)
Official USA Amateur Radio Band-Plans; reference the ARRL 160 Meters (1.8-2.0 ) 1.800-2.000 CW 1.800-1.810 Digital Modes 1.810 CW QRP 1.843-2.000 SSB, SSTV and other wideband modes 1.910 SSB QRP 1.995-2.000
More informationMicrowave Exposure from Mobile Phones and Base Stations in Sweden
Microwave Exposure from Mobile Phones and Base Stations in Sweden Prof. Dr. Yngve Hamnerius and Thomas Uddmar Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Electromagnetics, SE 41 96 Goteborg, Sweden,
More informationComputers Are Your Future. 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Computers Are Your Future 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 3 Wired and Wireless Communication 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 2 What You Will Learn... ü The definition of bandwidth
More informationIFI5481: RF Circuits, Theory and Design
IFI5481: RF Circuits, Theory and Design Lecturer: Prof. Tor A. Fjeldly, UiO og NTNU/UNIK [torfj@unik.no] Assistant: Malihe Zarre Dooghabadi [malihezd@ifi.uio.no] Syllabus: Lectured material and examples,
More informationTABLE OF RADIO FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA
TABLE OF RADIO FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS OF THE Directorate General of Telecommunications Ministry of Transportation and Communications December 19, 2005 revised 1 Regulation: The table of radio frequency
More informationHUMAN EXPOSURE TO EMR: ASSESSMENT OF AMATEUR RADIO STATIONS FOR COMPLIANCE WITH ACA REQUIREMENTS
HUMAN EXPOSURE TO EMR: ASSESSMENT OF AMATEUR RADIO STATIONS FOR COMPLIANCE WITH ACA REQUIREMENTS May 2005 Version 2.0 PO Box 78 BELCONNEN ACT 2616 Telephone (02) 6219 5555 Facsimile (02) 6219 5353 www.aca.gov.au
More informationWhat Does Communication (or Telecommunication) Mean?
What Does Communication (or Telecommunication) Mean? The term communication (or telecommunication) means the transfer of some form of information from one place (known as the source of information) to
More informationFUNcube Dongle Pro+ User Manual (V4)
FUNcube Dongle Pro+ User Manual (V4) AMSAT-UK FCD2 regulatory statements FCC statement WARNING: MODIFICATION OF THIS DEVICE TO RECEIVE CELLULAR RADIOTELEPHONE SERVICE SIGNALS IS PROHIBITED UNDER FCC RULES
More informationReport of WSPR tests in France from july 2008 to december 2009
January 2010 / JMdM/F2MM-v1 Report of WSPR tests in France from july 2008 to december 2009 1-Introduction : F2MM, Jacques MEZAN de MALARTIC In mid 2008 a small group of French VHF users located in Paris
More informationSelected Radio Frequency Exposure Limits
ENVIRONMENT, SAFETY & HEALTH DIVISION Chapter 50: Non-ionizing Radiation Selected Radio Frequency Exposure Limits Product ID: 94 Revision ID: 1736 Date published: 30 June 2015 Date effective: 30 June 2015
More informationSHARING BETWEEN TERRESTRIAL FLIGHT TELEPHONE SYSTEM (TFTS) AND RADIO ASTRONOMY IN THE 1.6 GHz BAND. Paris, May 1992
European Radiocommunications Committee (ERC) within the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) SHARING BETWEEN TERRESTRIAL FLIGHT TELEPHONE SYSTEM (TFTS) AND RADIO
More informationRadio Interface Setup
For getting started with Ham Radio Sound Card digital modes. Jeffrey Kopcak K8JTK Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Program versions... 3 Resources... 3 SignaLink... 3 Rigblaster... 3 Configuration...
More informationHow To Get A Signal From Samoa
1 Government of Samoa Office of the Regulator Private Bag, Apia, Samoa NATIONAL FREQUENCY ALLOCATION TABLE (This document is part of the National Spectrum Plan) Prepare by the Office of the Regulator 2
More informationUnit of Learning # 2 The Physical Layer. Redes de Datos Sergio Guíñez Molinos sguinez@utalca.cl 1-2009
Unit of Learning # 2 The Physical Layer Redes de Datos Sergio Guíñez Molinos sguinez@utalca.cl 1-2009 The Theoretical Basis for Data Communication Sergio Guíñez Molinos Redes de Computadores 2 The Theoretical
More informationThe Spectrum and Its Uses. - A simple guide to the radio spectrum -
The Spectrum and Its Uses - A simple guide to the radio spectrum - September 2006 BBC 2006 This document has been produced for information and research purposes only and it is not a statement of policy
More informationARTICLE. Sound in surveillance Adding audio to your IP video solution
ARTICLE Sound in surveillance Adding audio to your IP video solution Table of contents 1. First things first 4 2. Sound advice 4 3. Get closer 5 4. Back and forth 6 5. Get to it 7 Introduction Using audio
More informationUnderstanding Range for RF Devices
Understanding Range for RF Devices October 2012 White Paper Understanding how environmental factors can affect range is one of the key aspects to deploying a radio frequency (RF) solution. This paper will
More informationCOMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA ACT 1998 NOTIFICATION OF ISSUANCE OF CLASS ASSIGNMENTS
COMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA ACT 1998 NOTIFICATION OF ISSUANCE OF CLASS ASSIGNMENTS IN exercise of the powers conferred by section 169 of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 [Act 588], the Commission
More informationLF, MF og HF båndplan for norske radioamatører LF: 135,7-137,8 khz. MF: 493-510 khz
LF: 135,7-137,8 khz 135.7-136.0 200, station tests, QRSS 136.0-137.4 200 137.4-137.6 200 Digimode, except 137.6-137.8 200 No rigid bandplan is proposed for 135-137 khz QRSS Centre of Activity 137.7 khz
More informationA comparison of radio direction-finding technologies. Paul Denisowski, Applications Engineer Rohde & Schwarz
A comparison of radio direction-finding technologies Paul Denisowski, Applications Engineer Rohde & Schwarz Topics General introduction to radiolocation Manual DF techniques Doppler DF Time difference
More informationHigh Speed Multi Media Mesh Networking Using Commercial Off the Shelf Equipment. John Clements WB5SAL Corpus Christi
High Speed Multi Media Mesh Networking Using Commercial Off the Shelf Equipment John Clements WB5SAL Corpus Christi Digital Radio? Original - CW Packet 600 baud, can saturate network Other Digital modes,
More informationELEMENTS OF CABLE TELEVISION
1 ELEMENTS OF CABLE TELEVISION Introduction Cable television, from its inception, developed in western countries into two separate systems called Master Antenna Television (MATV) and Community Cable Television
More informationAntenna Diversity in Wireless Local Area Network Devices
Antenna Diversity in Wireless Local Area Network Devices Frank M. Caimi, Ph.D. Kerry L. Greer Jason M. Hendler January 2002 Introduction Antenna diversity has been used in wireless communication systems
More informationACCESS CHARGE A fee charged subscribers or other telephone companies by a local exchange carrier for the use of its local exchange networks.
Glossary of Telecommunications Terms (Source: Federal Communications Commission) ACCESS CHARGE A fee charged subscribers or other telephone companies by a local exchange carrier for the use of its local
More informationOverview ISDB-T for sound broadcasting Terrestrial Digital Radio in Japan. Shunji NAKAHARA. NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation)
Overview ISDB-T for sound broadcasting Terrestrial Digital Radio in Japan Shunji NAKAHARA NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) 2003/11/04 1 Contents Features of ISDB-T SB system Current status of digital
More informationUG103.1 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FUNDAMENTALS: WIRELESS NETWORKING
APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FUNDAMENTALS: WIRELESS NETWORKING This document introduces some fundamental concepts of wireless networking. These concepts are referred to in other Application Development Fundamentals
More informationSpectrum Requirements of the Amateur and Amateur-Satellite Services
The International Amateur Radio Union IARU Administrative Council, Revised March 1999 Spectrum Requirements of the Amateur and Amateur-Satellite Services Introduction The present and anticipated future
More informationChapters 1-21 Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems
Chapters 1-21 Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems Yimin Zhang, Ph.D. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Villanova University http://yiminzhang.com/ece8708 Yimin Zhang, Villanova
More informationWireless Internet. Is an system to provide connectivity to customers to the Internet. Service Provider (WISP) TECHNICAL INFO.
Description The Service Provider System (WISP) is an integrated Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) system of connecting customers to the. High-speed wireless data links are used to provide access on a point-to-point
More informationEvolution of Satellite Communication Systems
Mathieu DERVIN Brussels, 6th May 2015 Brussels, May 2015 Agenda I. From Sputnik to wideband satellite services: The key technological evolutions II. Increase the satellite system capacity: A global system
More informationHang Em High: Options for antennas, masts and towers
Hang Em High: Options for antennas, masts and towers Antennas play an important role in radio broadcasting. The antenna is the piece of equipment which gets your signal out to the audience you want to
More informationBASIC RADIO THEORY. G LONGHURST 1999 All Rights Reserved Worldwide
BASIC RADIO THEORY G LONGHURST 1999 All Rights Reserved Worldwide COPYRIGHT All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form
More information'' EGGBEATER '' ANTENNA VHF/UHF ~ PART 2
'' EGGBEATER '' ANTENNA VHF/UHF ~ PART 2 ON6WG / F5VIF Summary Note : In Part 1, Fig 1 shows a maximum gain of 6.45 dbi. Several design attempts were made using slightly different configurations ( i.e.
More informationRadio Frequency Operations and Technology
Radio Frequency Operations and Technology Mobile Device Investigations Program (b)(6) Senior Instructor Technical Operations Division DHS - FLETC RF Operation and Technology Radio propagation the eletromagnetic
More informationMANAGING THE TRANSITION TO DIGITAL SOUND BROADCASTING IN THE FREQUENCY BANDS BELOW 80 MHz
Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) within the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) MANAGING THE TRANSITION TO DIGITAL SOUND BROADCASTING IN THE FREQUENCY BANDS
More information4 Wireless Communication
Section 4 Wireless Communication Objectives After this lesson, students will be able to O.3.4.1 Explain how radio waves transmit information. O.3.4.2 Describe how cellular phones work. O.3.4.3 Explain
More informationAnnex to the joint statement: Exposure of the general public to radiofrequency fields
16 November 2009 Annex to the joint statement: Exposure of the general public to radiofrequency fields 1. Introduction This document presents typical exposure of the general public to radiofrequency (RF)
More informationThe Radio Act, 2014 (1957)
The Radio Act, 2014 (1957) Date of Royal Assent Date of Publication in Nepal Gazette 2014.2.19 (June 1, 1957) 2015.1.4 (April 16, 1958) The Amending Act: Date of Royal Assent and Publication 1. Some Nepal
More information