EWEA Wind Turbine Sound 2014

Transcription

1 EWEA Wind Turbine Sound 2014 The Institute of Acoustics Working Group on Wind Turbine Amplitude Modulation: Progress towards a preferred assessment methodology Malmö 9 th December 2014 Gavin Irvine, Ion Acoustics Ltd

2 UK History Denbrook

3 More History R-UK Study R-UK Planning Condition

4 Structure Institute of Acoustics IoA Council Wind Turbine Noise Group Amplitude Modulation Working Group

5 Working Group Members Gavin Irvine, Ion Acoustics (Chair) Matthew Cand, Hoare Lea Acoustics Bob Davis, Robert Davis Associates Dave Coles, 24 Acoustics Sam Miller, Parsons Brinckerhoff Tom Levet, Hayes McKenzie Partnership John Shelton, AcSoft Jeremy Bass, RES David Sexton, West Devon Borough Council Geoff Leventhall

6 The Problem: What is the AM Rating?

7 Why an agreed method? For use in planning conditions, either as a stand-alone threshold or with a penalty scheme For research purposes and mitigation studies, to provide a consistent method for trialling different techniques For noise nuisance investigations

8 Scope of Work Undertake a literature review of available research and evidence on amplitude modulation and current methods in use, as appropriate; and on psycho-acoustic effects of AM Consider the design parameters for an AM metric and assessment method to be used in the UK; Consider the various metrics and methodologies available to describe AM, and develop a preferred option if possible, or identify alternatives for the IOA membership to consider; Produce a first draft of a consultation document with explanatory notes / justifications for consultation; Consult the IOA membership and where appropriate other relevant technical experts on the draft guidance document; Consider the consultation responses and if appropriate, produce a final Supplementary Guidance Note and / or consider the need for further research; Provide software, if possible, to allow the analysis of AM data.

9 Literature Review Fastl H. and Zwicker E. Psycho-Acoustics: Facts and Models. (Chapter 10 Fluctuation Srength) Springer. Shin S-H. (2008). Comparative study of the commercial software for sound quality analysis.. Acoustic Science and Technology 29: Cheong C and Joseph P. (2014.) Cyclostationary spectral analysis for the measuement and prediction of wind turbine swishing noise. Journal of Sound and Vibration 333: Cooper J. and Evans T. (2013). Automated detection and analysis of amplitude modulation at a residence and wind turbine. Proc. ACOUSTICS Victor Harbor, Australia. Di Napoli C. (2009). Case Study: Wind Turbine Noise in a small and quiet community in Finland. 3rd International Meeting on Wind Turbine Noise. Aalborg. Di Napoli C. (2011). Long distance Amplitude Modulation of Wind Turbine Noise. 4th International Meeting on Wind Turbine Noise. Rome.. Gabriel J. et al. (2013). Amplitude Modulation and Complaints about Wind Turbine Noise. 5th International Meeting on Wind Turbine Noise. Denver. Larsson C. and Ohlund O. (2014). Amplitude modulation of sound from wind turbines under various meteorological conditions. J. Acous. Soc. Am. 135(1). Larsson C. and Ohlund O. (2012) Variations of Sound from wind turbines during different weather conditions. Proc. INTERNOISE New York.

10 Literature Review Lenchine V. Amplituide modulation in wind turbine noise. Proc. ACOUSTICS 2009, Adelaide, AustraliaC Lee S. et al. Annoyance caused by amplitude modulation of wind turbine noise. Noise Control Engineering 1 99(1) Jan-Feb Lee S. et al. An estimation method of the amplitude modulatoin in wind turbine noise for community assessment. 3rd International Meeting on Wind Turbine Noise. Aalborg. June Legarth S.V. (2007). Auralization and Assessments of Annoyance from Wind Turbines. Proc. 2nd International Meeting on Wind Turbine Noise. Lyon. Lundmark G. Measurement of Swish Noise. A new method. 4th International Meeting on Wind Turbine Noise. Rome. April Jiggins M. Subjective perception of Wind Turbine Blade Noise. M.Sc. thesis. Heriot-Watt University McLaughlin D. (2011). Measurement of amplitude modulation frequency spectrum. 4th International Meeting on Wind Turbine Noise. Rome. Seong Y. et al. (2013). An experimental study on rating scale for annoyance due to wind turbine noise. Proc. INTERNOISE. Innsbruck. Fukushima A, Tachibana H et al. Study on the amplitude modulation of wind turbine noise: Part 1 Physical investigation. Proc. INTERNOISE Yokoyama S et al. (2013). Study on the amplitude modulation of wind turbine noise: Part 2:. Proc. INTERNOISE Innsbruck.

11 Literature Review Tachibana H et al. (2014). Nationwide field measurements of wind turbine noise in Japan. Noise Control Engineering Jhl 62(2): van den Berg G.P. The Sound of High Winds: The effects of atmospheric stability on wind turbine sound and microphone noise. Doctoral thesis, Rijksuniversetiet van den Berg G.P. The Beat is getting stronger: The Effect of Atmospheric Stability on Low Frequency Modulated Sounds of Wind Turbines. Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control Vol 24, No Studies and papers by MAS Environmental - NSW Planning Guidelines Wind Farms (Consultation draft). (2011). New South Wales Department of Planning and Infrastructure Acoustics Wind farm Noise. New Zealand Standard NZS 6808:2010. Wind farms environmental noise guidelines (2009). South Australia Environmental Protection Agency. Wind turbine amplitude modulation: research to improve understanding as to its cause and effect. Renewable UK Limited December Template Planning Condition on Amplitude Modulation. Renewable UK Limited, December The efficacy of the RUK AM condition. Renewable Energy Foundation March Persson Waye K. and Ohrstrom E. (2002. Psycho-acoustic chtracters or relevance for Annoyance of Wind Turbine Noise. JSV 250(1) 65073

12 Classifying Methods Impulsivity FFT Fluctuation Strength Hybrid Methods Tachibana Peak to Trough (Time) Standards / Conditions

13 Methods backed with subjective studies Salford mean peak to trough Tachibana et al D AM Seong, Lee L AMax Gabriel & Hubner / Vogl Legarth Reference level, db(a) Modulation Depth, db

14 Comparing Methods Analysis by Tom Levet, Hayes McKenzie

15 Comparing Methods Analysis by Matthew Cand, Hoare Lea

16 Option 1 FFT-based Method Use band-limited spectrum based on 1/3 rd Octave Band Monitoring Contribution of BPF harmonics?? Allow for variation in turbine rpm

17 Option 2 Hybrid Method Evans and Cooper Objective to measure noise from a wind farm to determine compliance with interim AM limits in NZS 6808: 2010 Applied FFT method to detect periodic peaks related to BPF and reject non-related peaks, using time windows of varying width. Then applied peaktrough tests to time-series data identified as being WTAM dominated. Technique largely eliminated false positive exceedances of db(a) limit.