Poems are written in lines. A group of lines in a poem is called a stanza. Purpose. Practice How many stanzas does this poem have?

Transcription

1 Elements of Poetry

2 Poems are written in lines. A group of lines in a poem is called a stanza. March A blue day A blue jay And a good beginning. Purpose Stanzas separate ideas in a poem. They act like paragraphs. Practice How many stanzas does this poem have? One crow, Melting snow Spring s winning! This poem has 2 stanzas By Eleanor Farjeon 2

3 Couplet: a two-line stanza Triplet: a three-line stanza Quatrain: a four-line stanza Types of stanzas Cinquain/Quintet: a fiveline stanza Sestet: a six-line stanza Septet: a seven line stanza Octet/Octave: an eight line stanza

4 Practice: Types of stanzas Label the type of stanza next to each example Listen... With faint dry sound, Like steps of passing ghosts, The leaves, frost-crisp'd, break from the trees And fall. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Type: Cinquain Type: Quatrain 3. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee Type: Couplet

5 Repetition Repetition Repetition Definition: Repeated sound, syllable, word, phrase, line, or stanza in poetry. Purpose: Strengthens the rhythm of a poem Strengthens feelings, ideas and mood in a poem. It may also emphasize an important theme in the poem.

6 Repetition Example The Sun by Sandra Liatsos Someone tossed a pancake, A buttery, buttery, pancake. Someone tossed a pancake And flipped it up so high, That now I see the pancake, The buttery, buttery pancake, Now I see that pancake Stuck against the sky. Highlight the word or phrase that is repeated. 6

7 Definition: Rhyme When the ending of words have identical sounds: It s what you HEAR, not necessarily what you see. Purpose: Contributes to the rhythm and tone of a poem Example: Rule and fool.

8 Internal Rhyme: Definition: Types of Rhyme Rhyming within the same line of a poem Example: The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain End Rhyme: Definition: Rhyming words at the ends of lines in a poem Example: Under my window, a clean rasping sound When the spade sinks into gravelly ground

9 Rhyme Practice As a group, create a line with internal rhyme. As a group, create a couplet which employs end rhyme.

10 Definition: Rhyme Scheme The pattern of end rhymes in lines of a poem or song Usually referred to by using letters to indicate which lines rhyme Purpose: To establish structure while creating rhythm

11 Dust of Snow by Robert Frost The way a crow Shook down on me The dust of snow From a hemlock tree Has given my heart A change of mood And save some part Of a day I had rued. A B A B C D C D Example of Rhyme scheme

12 You Try! The Alligator The alligator chased his tail Which hit him in the snout; He nibbled, gobbled, swallowed it, And turned right inside-out. by Mary Macdonald B A B C 12

13 Poetry Structure

14 Poetic Forms: Haiku Definition: a Japanese poem with 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables. Total of 17 syllables. Does not rhyme. Purpose Is about an aspect of nature or the seasons. Captures a moment in time. Example: Little frog among rain-shaken leaves, are you, too, splashed with fresh, green paint? 14 by Gaki

15 Poetic Forms: narrative poem Definition: Tells a story which has characters and a plot Can be several stanzas long May follow any rhyme scheme (but does not need to rhyme) Purpose: To tell a story in poetic form

16 Narrative Poem Examples Love that Dog & Hate that Cat by Sharon Creech The Highway Man by Alfred Noyes

17 Poetic Forms: limerick Definition: 5 line poem with a rhyme scheme of AABBA Has a bouncing rhythm Purpose: Lighthearted Humorous tone Example:

18 Limerick Example There Seems to Be a Problem I really don t know about Jim. When he comes to our farm for a swim, The fish as a rule, jump out of the pool. Is there something the matter with him? By John Ciardi Practice: Label the rhyme scheme of the poem 18

19 Poetic Forms: English Sonnet Definition: Purpose: A poem which is fourteen lines long 10 syllables per line Has a fixed rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg Broken into three quatrains (stanzas of 4 lines grouped) and a couplet at the end (2 rhyming lines to make up a stanza) Often about love

20 Sonnet Example: Shakespeare s Sonnet 8 Music to hear, why hear'st thou music sadly? Sweets with sweets war not, joy delights in joy: Why lov'st thou that which thou receiv'st not gladly, Or else receiv'st with pleasure thine annoy? If the true concord of well-tuned sounds, By unions married, do offend thine ear, They do but sweetly chide thee, who confounds In singleness the parts that thou shouldst bear. Mark how one string, sweet husband to another, Strikes each in each by mutual ordering; Resembling sire and child and happy mother, Who, all in one, one pleasing note do sing: Practice: Label the first stanza s rhyme scheme Whose speechless song being many, seeming one, Sings this to thee: 'Thou single wilt prove none.'

21 Poetic Forms: Ballad Definition: Purpose Written like a song that tells a story Contains simple stanzas and usually a recurring refrain To tell a story through song

22 Ballad Example I am standing under the mistletoe, And I smile, but no answering smile replies For her haughty glance bids me plainly know That not for me is the thing I prize; Instead, from her coldly scornful eyes, Indifference looks on my barefaced guile; She knows, of course, what my act implies But look at those lips! Do they hint a smile? I stand here, eager, and beam and glow, And she only looks a refined surprise As clear and crisp and as cold as snow, And as Stop! I will never criticize! I know what her cold glance signifies; But I ll stand just here as I am awhile Till a smile to my pleading look replies But look at those lips! Do they hint a smile? The Ballad Of The Mistletoe Bough by Ellis Parker Butler Just look at those lips, now! I claim they show A spirit unmeet under Christmas skies; I claim that such lips on such maidens owe A something the custom justifies; I claim that the mistletoe rule applies To her as well as the rank and file; We should meet these things in a cheerful guise But look at those lips! Do they hint a smile? Practice: Label the first stanza s rhyme scheme