Western Red Cedar Grade Book Edition
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1 Western Red Cedar Grade Book 2015 Edition
2 Western Red Cedar Morton, WA Shelton, WA Amanda Park, WA Naples, ID Version #15-1 Copyright 2014 Alta Forest Products Western Red Cedar Fencing
3 Alta Forest Products Alta Forest Products is the premier manufacturer of Western Red Cedar fencing. Operating four facilities located in Morton, WA, Shelton, WA, Amanda Park, WA and Naples, ID, Alta Forest Products employs over 400 individuals and has an annual production that exceeds 300,000,000 board feet of finished goods. Our mills produce over 140 different products ranging from 42 inches to 8 feet long and from 3 inches all the way to 7.5 inches wide, ensuring the best and most complete use of our natural resources. We are dedicated to providing our customers with the best products available, through the most efficient manufacturing facilities and supply chain. Our team utilizes our unique synergies to effectively deliver the best renewable resource based building products in the most environmentally conscious manner. STATEMENT OF VALUES I. Integrity We do what we say we are going to do. We ensure this by planning ahead and proactively communicating with our customers. II. Quality Our goal is simple: to produce the highest quality fence board in the industry. Anything less is unacceptable. III. Accountability Our success in living up to these values is defined not by us, but by our customers. We will constantly solicit critical feedback. IV. Partnership Based Selling We prioritize long-term partnerships over all other forms of business. We believe reliable, long-term partnerships equal stability for both ours and our customer s businesses. V. Service Our success is wholly dependent upon our partners success. We aim to set the industry standard for responsiveness, communication and customer support. VI. Innovation We are committed to looking at things in new and different ways be it a quote, a product, or a partnership. The status quo is not acceptable. We are focused on being the industry s most efficient producer.
4 Alta Forest Products Western Red Cedar is the classic all-natural, all- American fencing choice. There are many fencing options, but no other product combines the beauty, stability, and longevity of Western Red Cedar. Western Red Cedar s attributes include: Durability Natural tannins provide insect, rot, and decay resistance without the addition of harmful man-made chemicals. A properly installed Western Red Cedar fence should last 20 years. Sustainability Western Red Cedar grows naturally in the sustainably managed forests of the Pacific Northwest. Beauty A distinctive wood grain, rich fiber tone, tight knot structure, and natural appearance lend a timeless beauty to Western Red Cedar fencing. Stability Minimal tendency to warp, shrink, swell, cup, or twist. Versatility Easily accepts stain or naturally grays for a timeless look (typically a 2-3 year process). Good fences make good neighbors, and Western Red Cedar makes for the best fence available.
5 Competition & Alternative Products Vinyl More expensive than cedar and whitewood products. Price and availability subject to a volatile petroleum market. Sold as a low maintenance fence option, but prone to mildew in wet climates. Unnatural appearance. 3/4 S1S2E Cedar Comes mostly from Canada. More expensive than domestic 5/8 Western Red Cedar and less plentiful. Accumulated as a by-product from lumber mills, not produced from a dedicated fence mill. 5/8 Western Red Cedar The nationally preferred wood fencing product. Sustainably harvested and rough sawn from the log in domestic fence mills. Superior durability, stability, and beauty. Import Not a cedar species, often from Asia. Subject to unreliable international transportation and logistics. Performance, appearance and shelf life are well below Western Red Cedar. Not sustainably harvested and long term supply is in question. Douglas Fir Similar in appearance to other whitewoods, but more resistant to decay and better structural stability. Often sold to a consumer wanting more longevity from their fence, but at a competitive price point. Incense Native fiber of California. Longevity is less than other fence products and is prone to mildew, insect damage, and shrinkage issues. Appearance is not as desired as Western Red Cedar. Usually marketed as a price point option. Stained Whitewood Pre-stained Northwest conifer. Less expensive than cedar, not as durable, but looks good with long lasting color. Competes with pressure treated and price point Western Red Cedar fence grades. Pressure Treated Made from whitewood, such as imported South American Pine and domestic Southern Yellow Pine. A chemically treated and inexpensive alternative to many other fencing products. Product Price Point Durability Vinyl & Composites Western Red Cedar (S1S2E) 5/8 Western Red Cedar Most Expensive Excellent Artificial Highest for Wood High Excellent Excellent Import Medium Poor Douglas Fir Medium Good Incense Cedar Medium Poor Aesthetic Value Rich depth of natural tones Rich depth of natural tones Lighter uniform tone Lighter uniform tone Lighter uniform tone Availability Varies with oil prices Supply is often tight Can be tight during seasonal and cyclical peaks Poor Readily available Can be tight during seasonal and cyclical peaks Key Markets Nationwide Mid-West, Mountain states, Northwest, and East coast Nationwide Coastal regions Nationwide California, Texas, and Mid-West Stained Whitewood Low Fair Pre-stained in three colors Plentiful Texas, Mid-West, and Western US Pressure Treated Lowest Fair Poor Plentiful South and East
6 Alta Forest Products Pack Sizes Width of Board Total # of Boards Height of Unit (# of boards) Width of Unit (# of boards) Height of Unit Width of Unit New Package Design WESTERN RED CEDAR WESTERN RED CEDAR MADE IN U.S.A.
7 Table of Contents Western Red Cedar 1 x 6 6 Clear Western Red Cedar 1 x 6 6 #1-2Face Western Red Cedar 1 x 6 6 #2/Btr NH Western Red Cedar 1 x 6 6 #3/Btr NH Western Red Cedar 1 x 6 6 Rustic Western Red Cedar 1 x Clear Western Red Cedar 1 x #1-2Face Western Red Cedar 1 x #2/Btr NH NPS Western Red Cedar 1 x #3/Btr NH Western Red Cedar 1 x Rustic Western Red Cedar 1 x 5 6 #2/Btr NH NPS Western Red Cedar 1 x 5 6 #3/Btr NH Western Red Cedar 1 x 4 6 Clear Western Red Cedar 1 x 4 6 #1-2Face Western Red Cedar 1 x 4 6 #2/Btr NH Western Red Cedar 1 x 4 6 #3/Btr NH Western Red Cedar 1 x 4 6 Rustic Western Red Cedar 1 x #2/Btr NH NPS Western Red Cedar 1 x #3/Btr NH Western Red Cedar 1 x Rustic Glossary
8 Western Red Cedar 1 x 6 6 Clear 1
9 Western Red Cedar 1 x 6 6 Clear Clear is the highest quality product available. It will be free of defects creating a very clean and uniform look. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. Clear None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 2
10 Western Red Cedar 1 x 6 6 #1-2Face 3
11 Western Red Cedar 1 x 6 6 #1-2Face #1-2Face will have tight sound knots with little defect. It is the highest quality board produced in which knots are allowed. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. #1-2Face None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 4
12 Western Red Cedar 1 x 6 6 #2/Btr NH 5
13 Western Red Cedar 1 x 6 6 #2/Btr NH #2/Btr NH (#2 and Better No Hole) offers a structurally sound and aesthetically pleasing product achieved by blending the #1-2 Face and #2 grades. It will be knotty in appearance and include little to moderate defect. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. #2/Btr NH None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 6
14 Western Red Cedar 1 x 6 6 #3/Btr NH 7
15 Western Red Cedar 1 x 6 6 #3/Btr NH #3/Btr NH (#3 and Better No Hole) will have moderate defects; it is structurally sound and free of holes at the time of manufacture. It is graded as a quality product that will show the character of larger knots, some splits, and increased wane. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. #3/Btr NH None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 8
16 Western Red Cedar 1 x 6 6 Rustic 9
17 Western Red Cedar 1 x 6 6 Rustic Rustic is produced with a rustic appearance in mind; it is structurally sound, however it can include a greater number of defects including thru holes. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. Rustic None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 10
18 Western Red Cedar 1 x Clear 11
19 Western Red Cedar 1 x Clear Clear is the highest quality product available. It will be free of defects creating a very clean and uniform look. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. Clear None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 12
20 Western Red Cedar 1 x #1-2Face 13
21 Western Red Cedar 1 x #1-2Face #1-2Face will have tight sound knots with little defect. It is the highest quality board produced in which knots are allowed. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. #1-2Face None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 14
22 Western Red Cedar 1 x #2/Btr NH NPS 15
23 Western Red Cedar 1 x #2/Btr NH NPS #2/Btr NH NPS (#2 and Better No Hole No Prior Select) offers a structurally sound and aesthetically pleasing product achieved by blending the clear, #1-2 Face, and #2 grades. It will be knotty in appearance and include little to moderate defect. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. #2/Btr NH NPS None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 16
24 Western Red Cedar 1 x #3/Btr NH 17
25 Western Red Cedar 1 x #3/Btr NH #3/Btr NH (#3 and Better No Hole) will have moderate defects; it is structurally sound and free of holes at the time of manufacture. It is graded as a quality product that will show the character of larger knots and increased wane. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. #3/Btr NH None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 18
26 Western Red Cedar 1 x Rustic 19
27 Western Red Cedar 1 x Rustic Rustic is produced with a rustic appearance in mind; it is structurally sound, however it can include a greater number of defects including thru holes. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. Rustic None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 20
28 Western Red Cedar 1 x 5 6 #2/Btr NH NPS 21
29 Western Red Cedar 1 x 5 6 #2/Btr NH NPS #2/Btr NH NPS (#2 and Better No Hole) offers a structurally sound and aesthetically pleasing product achieved by blending blending the clear, #1-2 Face, and #2 grades. It will be knotty in appearance and include little to moderate defect. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. #2/Btr NH NPS Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane None Limited Moderate Common 22
30 Western Red Cedar 1 x 5 6 #3/Btr NH 23
31 Western Red Cedar 1 x 5 6 #3/Btr NH #3/Btr NH (#3 and Better No Hole) will have moderate defects; it is structurally sound and free of holes at the time of manufacture. It is graded as a quality product that will show the character of larger knots and increased wane. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. #3/Btr NH None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 24
32 Western Red Cedar 1 x 4 6 Clear 25
33 Western Red Cedar 1 x 4 6 Clear Clear is the highest quality product available. It will be free of defects creating a very clean and uniform look. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. Clear None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 26
34 Western Red Cedar 1 x 4 6 #1-2Face 27
35 Western Red Cedar 1 x 4 6 #1-2Face #1-2Face will have tight sound knots with little defect. It is the highest quality board produced in which knots are allowed. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. #1-2Face None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 28
36 Western Red Cedar 1 x 4 6 #2/Btr NH 29
37 Western Red Cedar 1 x 4 6 #2/Btr NH #2/Btr NH (#2 Better No Hole) will have a broad range of knots both in size and type, creating a nicely blended, durable product with minimal to moderate defect. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. #2/Btr NH None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 30
38 Western Red Cedar 1 x 4 6 #3/Btr NH 31
39 Western Red Cedar 1 x 4 6 #3/Btr NH #3/Btr NH (#3 and Better No Hole) will have moderate defects; it is structurally sound and free of holes at the time of manufacture. It is graded as a quality product that will show the character of larger knots, some splits, and increased wane. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. #3/Btr NH None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 32
40 Western Red Cedar 1 x 4 6 Rustic 33
41 Western Red Cedar 1 x 4 6 Rustic Rustic is produced with a rustic appearance in mind; it is structurally sound, however it can include a greater number of defects including thru holes. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. Rustic None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 34
42 Western Red Cedar 1 x #2/Btr NH NPS 35
43 Western Red Cedar 1 x #2/Btr NH NPS #2/Btr NH NPS (#2 and Better No Hole No Prior Select) offers a structurally sound and aesthetically pleasing product achieved by blending the clear, #1-2 Face, and #2 grades. It will be knotty in appearance and include little to moderate defect. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. #2/Btr NH NPS None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 36
44 Western Red Cedar 1 x #3/Btr NH 37
45 Western Red Cedar 1 x #3/Btr NH #3/Btr NH (#3 and Better No Hole) will have moderate defects; it is structurally sound and free of holes at the time of manufacture. It is graded as a quality product that will show the character of larger knots, some splits, and increased wane. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. #3/Btr NH None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 38
46 Western Red Cedar 1 x Rustic 39
47 Western Red Cedar 1 x Rustic Rustic is produced with a rustic appearance in mind; it is structurally sound, however it can include a greater number of defects including thru holes. Characteristic Attributes The grade chart to the right depicts the most common defects found in Western Red Cedar. Grade is determined by the type and position of knots, as they relate to the structural integrity of the board, as well as wane, shake, or other visible characteristics. All of the permitted characteristics listed are never permitted in maximum size or number, in any one piece, or in any one unit. Rustic None Limited Moderate Common Black ring knot Unsound knot Loose knot Spike knot Heart knot Pin knot Thru hole Shake Splits Checks Decay Bark streak Insect damage Machine gouge Wane 40
48 Glossary Common Characteristics - Defined Bark streak During the growth of a tree, well-defined openings can develop between the annual rings allowing bark growth. These seams can create a streak or pocket of bark on sawn lumber. Machine gouge Usually caused by the dogs on a saw carriage which are used to hold the log in place for sawing. However, any fiber damage by sawmill machinery will be classified as machine gouge. Checks (checking) A separation of the wood normally occurring across or through the rings of annual growth, often caused by seasoning too rapidly. Black ring knot Occurs when a limb dies in a living tree. The wood fibers continue to grow around the limb, but it is no longer a part of the tree and is treated as a foreign body. The tree produces a protective layer of pitch or bark, often dark or black in color, between itself and the dead limb. When the knot is sawn, a black ring is created around the knot. 41 Insect damage While Western Red Cedar has properties which allow it to be resistant to most decay and insect infestation. Insect damage can occur from beetles, grub and water-borne insects in both standing and fallen timber. Insect damage is usually identified by trough shaped trails on the face of sawn lumber. Boring insects can also create thru holes in some cases. Decay (rot, unsound wood) A destruction of the wood fiber due to the action of microorganisms. Most forms of decay will not progress after the tree is harvested.
49 Glossary Thru hole A section of lumber that is void of fiber wholly through the piece. The most common cause of thru hole is from the loss of a knot. Split A separation of wood through the piece to the opposite surface, caused by the tearing apart of the wood cells. Spike knot A knot created when a limb is sawn either lengthwise or diagonally across the face of a piece of lumber. Unsound (soft) knot A knot that keeps its position, but contains decay or is soft to the touch. Loose knot A knot that will not keep its position in a piece of sawn lumber. Wane The lack of wood fiber on the edge or corner of a piece of lumber. Pin knot A small knot or grain swirl. Heart knot A knot created when a limb is sawn at a right angle to its length. 42
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