INTRODUCTION TO SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION FOR HSE STAFF. Mark Stephens FIIRSM FInstLM FISQEMA

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1 INTRODUCTION TO SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION FOR HSE STAFF Mark Stephens FIIRSM FInstLM FISQEMA

2 Disclaimer This training presentation does not qualify you to become a Scaffold Inspector This presentation is purely for awareness training only

3 Definition Scaffold: 1. a temporary or movable platform or structure for holding workers and materials working high above the floor or ground during the erection, repair, decoration or demolition of a structure. 2. an elevated platform or structure on which criminals are killed by being hanged or beheaded

4 Definition Falsework: consists of temporary structures used in construction to support spanning or arched structures in order to hold the component in place until its construction is sufficiently advanced to support itself. Falsework also includes temporary support structures for formwork used to mold concrete to form a desired shape, and shoring which is temporary structural reinforcement used during repairs.

5 Definition Formwork: is the term given to either temporary or permanent molds into which concrete or similar materials are poured.

6 Rule #1 - don t mix the three

7 Statistics On average, 78 fatalities a year in USA ( ) In a Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS) study, 72% of workers injured in scaffold accidents attributed the accident either to the planking or support giving way, or to the employee slipping or being struck by a falling object.

8 Facts Scaffolding fatality study Collapse 18% 12% Electro -cution 70% Falls

9 Typical Middle East Scenario Project Manager: You re the HSE Manager it s your job to sign-off the scaffolding

10 Only a (scaffold) competent person can erect, modify, move, maintain, inspect or dismantle scaffolding, or if being trained, is being supervised by a (scaffold) competent person. Competency

11 Overseas Competent Persons (Scaffolds) Inspection: Structural Engineer Scaffold Inspector (3 day) Scaffold Supervisor (3 day)(6 months experience at level 3) Erection, modification, moving, maintaining, or dismantling : Level 3 (5 day) (6 months experience at level 2) Level 2 (5 day) (6 months experience at level 1) Level 1 (5 day) Trainee laborer/apprentice (1 day)

12 Overseas Competent Persons (Scaffolds) All scaffolds over 10m long, over 8m in height, hung, cantilever or suspended scaffolds must be designed by a qualified, professional structural engineer. All calculations and the design drawing(s) must be included in an Appendix of the Health & Safety Construction Plan, that can be extracted and used as a Scaffolding Plan. Once erected, designed scaffolds must be approved and signed off by the structural engineer as being built to the design.

13 Overseas Competent Persons (Scaffolds) All workers during the orientation/ induction process shall be required to complete a health assessment questionnaire, which shall be kept on file within the site first aid facility. Questions within the health assessment questionnaire shall be based on typical construction work activities that will encountered on the project, examples are, but not limited to: Are you taking any medication which may affect your capacity to do your job safely? Do you suffer from vertigo? Occupational Health Standards

14 Types - System Prefabricated and all components are predesigned to fit in specific places. Fast but lacking in flexibility.

15 Types Open Tube & Coupler/Clamp Allows for greater flexibility of design, but compared to a system scaffold, it is a bit slower to erect and requires competency

16 Types Timber / Bamboo

17 Typical Middle East Scenario Project Manager: You re the HSE Manager it s your job to sign-off the scaffolding

18 Where do I start?

19 Where do I start? Falls from Height Incomplete working platforms Incomplete cover of openings (floor & wall) Insufficient sized working platform Use of equipment to gain extra height Incomplete/Insufficient access Poor Housekeeping (Slips & trips) Failure to wear PPE (PFAS) where required Falling Objects Scaffolding Hazards

20 Structural Collapse Incorrect set-up Anchorages Poor quality materials Unstable footings 4:1 ratio Movement Gravity Overloading Weather Damaged material Where do I start? Electrocution Overhead Power Lines Temporary Electrical equipment (poor grounding/earthing) Lightning Scaffolding Hazards

21 Where do I start? What s going to hit the headlines? Risk Profile

22 Rule #2 Stop it falling over

23 Gravity

24 Structural Collapse All scaffolds must be prevented from collapsing or tipping by secure attachment to the bearing surface or to another structure by the means of the following methods:

25 Structural Collapse Reveal Tie

26 Structural Collapse Box Tie

27 Structural Collapse Through Tie (2-way tie)

28 Structural Collapse Lip Tie

29 Structural Collapse Cast-in

30 Structural Collapse Drilled-in

31 Structural Collapse Lowest level of ties at the lift closest to the height of 4 times the minimum base dimension (4:1 ratio). Highest level of ties as close to the top of the scaffold as possible. Spaced vertically every 8 meters (4 lifts) or less. Tie Safety Criteria Installed at both ends of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals no more than 9 meters measured from one end toward the other.

32 Structural Collapse Rakers

33 Structural Collapse Outriggers

34 Structural Collapse Cross Tube Anchor

35 Structural Collapse Driven Tube & Wire Anchor

36 Gravity

37 Gravity

38 Structural Collapse POST (STANDARD) BEARER (TRANSOM) 4 th LIFT 3 rd LIFT MAX. 3OPEN BAYS 2 nd LIFT 1 st LIFT 35 o -55 o (TYP.) Base Lift TRANSVERSE (SECTIONAL) "ZIG-ZAG" BRACING TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD Bracing

39 POST (STANDARD) Structural Collapse BRACING REPEATED EVERY 5 th POST (STANDARD) RUNNER (LEDGER) 3 rd LIFT 2 nd LIFT 1 st LIFT 35 o -55 o (TYP.) Base Lift LONGITUDINAL (FAÇADE) "ZIG-ZAG" BRACING TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD Bracing

40 Structural Collapse Footings

41 Structural Collapse Footings

42 Structural Collapse Footings

43 Structural Collapse "Sheeted Scaffolds" or scaffolds that have nets or tarpaulins attached to them must have specific calculations and design conducted by a structural engineer to address the issue of "wind-sail" on the complete structure. Weather

44 Structural Collapse In windy conditions, manufacturer's instructions must be adhered to; usually at 17mph all work should cease on mobile towers. Weather

45 Structural Collapse Each scaffold and scaffold component must support without failure its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. Overloading

46 Structural Collapse Couplers should be free from worn threads or damaged bolts and excess oil which reduces friction grip. Correct Connections

47 Structural Collapse Correct Connections

48 Structural Collapse Tubes should not be split, cracked, rusty, bent or distorted, and ends should be cut square and clean. Serviceable material

49 Structural Collapse Scaffold boards must be a minimum of 1,500 lb-f/in2 construction grade lumber, fitted with end hoop irons for protection. Serviceable material

50 Structural Collapse No attempt should be made to move tall, fully-erected towers. The tower must be reduced to a safe height appropriate to the ground conditions. Normally as guidance, the height should not exceed 2 1/2 times the minimum base dimension.. No persons or materials must be on the tower during movement. Movement

51 Rule #3 stop someone from falling off

52 Falls from Height Incomplete Working Platform

53 Falls from Height Working Platform Overhangs

54 Falls from Height Working area size

55 Falls from Height Gaining extra height

56 Falls from Height Housekeeping

57 Rule #4 stop someone from falling through

58 Falls from Height Floor Openings

59 Falls from Height Gaps between Scaffold & Structure

60 Falls from Height Gaps between Working Platform boards

61 Falls from Height Rebar Caps

62 Access Ladders

63 Access Ramps

64 Rule #5 stop tools & materials falling off

65 Falling Objects Fans

66 Falling Objects Sheeting

67 Falling Objects Netting

68 Falling Objects Waste Chutes

69 Scaffolding Contractors Handover Certificates

70 Electrical Safety Overhead Power Lines

71 Electrical Safety Temporary Electrical Safety

72 Inspections Visible Records

73 Summary 1. Never mix scaffolding/formwork/fal sework 2. Stop the scaffolding falling over 3. Stop someone falling off 4. Stop someone falling through 5. Stop tools & materials falling off Rules

74 INTRODUCTION TO SCAFFOLDING INSPECTION Any Questions?

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