Figure 1. Map of ancient Egyptian gemstone quarries. Drawing by author.

Transcription

1 Figure 1. Map of ancient Egyptian gemstone quarries. Drawing by author. 1

2 Figure 2. Inner necklace with gold and amethyst cabochons, and outer necklace with gold and emerald beads (natural hexagonal crystal segments) similar to the ones depicted in the mummy portrait in Figure 28; second century CE (outer necklace) and early third century CE (inner necklace), Roman period (possibly from Egypt; The British Museum, London, EA 2731 outer necklace and EA 2749 inner necklace). Length 41.6 cm for outer necklace and 40 cm for inner necklace. Photo courtesy of The British Museum. 2

3 Figure 3. Necklace with convex bicone beads of amethyst and a central amazonite Ba bird amulet; Middle Kingdom (from Egypt; The British Museum, London, EA 35116). Length of necklace 45.9 cm and height of amulet 2.16 cm. Photo courtesy of The British Museum. 3

4 Figure 4. Necklace with drop beads of amazonite (light bluish-green), carnelian (orange-red), lapis lazuli (dark blue) and gold, and smaller spherical beads of amazonite, amethyst (purple), turquoise (light blue) and gold plus a pectoral with the praenomen of king Senusret II in a cartouche and cloisonné inlays of carnelian, lapis lazuli and turquoise set in gold; Dynasty 12, Middle Kingdom (from el-lahun, Egypt, tomb of princess Sithathoryunet; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, ). Length of necklace 82 cm, and width of pectoral 8.3 cm. Photo courtesy of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 4

5 Figure 5. Originally loose jewelry elements restrung as a necklace with amazonite (large bluish-green convex bicone and oblate spheroid smooth and ribbed beads), carnelian (large orange-red convex bicone and tiny cylindrical beads), lapis lazuli (large dark blue oblate spheroid smooth and ribbed beads), dark blue glass (large oblate spheroid and tiny cylindrical beads replacing lapis lazuli in the design) and gold; Dynasty 18, New Kingdom (from Thebes, Egypt, Tomb of the Three Princesses; The British Museum, London, EA 66827). Length of outer string 65.5 cm. Photo courtesy of The British Museum. 5

6 Figure 6. Amulet in the form of a Ba bird with cloisonné inlays of lapis lazuli (dark blue), turquoise (light blue) and, on the shoulder and in the tail, brownish-gray steatite in a gold setting; Late Period or Ptolemaic period (possibly from Saqqara, Egypt; The Brooklyn Museum of Art, Brooklyn, E). Height 3.1 cm and width 6.8 cm. Photo courtesy of The Brooklyn Museum of Art. Figure 7. String of spherical beads of red garnet and, at each end, beads of carnelian (orange-red); possibly Middle Kingdom (from Egypt; The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London, UC 51423). Approximately 58 cm long. Photo courtesy of The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology. NEED HI-RES PHOTO! 6

7 Figure 8. Submetallic hematite headrest amulet; Late Period (from Egypt; The British Museum, London, EA 8308). Height 2.5 cm, width 4.5 cm and depth 1.5 cm. Photo courtesy of The British Museum. 7

8 Figure 9. Metallic hematite Taweret figure; Dynasty 26, Late Period (from Egypt; The British Museum, London, EA 64594). Height 6 cm and width 1.8 cm. Photo courtesy of The British Museum. 8

9 Figure 10. Malachite scarab amulet; possibly New Kingdom (from Egypt; The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London, UC 52072). Height 2.0 cm and width 1.4 cm. Photo courtesy of The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology. NEED HI-RES PHOTO? 9

10 Figure 11. Obsidian sphinx figure, possibly of Amenemhat III; Dynasty 12, Middle Kingdom (from Egypt; The British Museum, London, EA 65506). Width 2.8 cm and length 5.2 cm. Photo courtesy of The British Museum. 10

11 Figure 12. Peridot ring stone carved with a male head, possibly Ptolemy XII; mid-first century BCE, Ptolemaic period (from Egypt; Michael J. Shubin Collection, ms-010). Height 8.5 mm, width 7.4 mm and thickness 3.1mm. Photo by Lisbet Thoresen. 11

12 Figure 13. Rock crystal (colorless quartz) cosmetic jar inscribed with hieroglyphs saying offering given by the king and towards the gods ; possibly Middle Kingdom (from Egypt; The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London, UC 69831). Height approx. 1.5 cm and width approx. 1.0 cm. Photo courtesy of The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology. NEED HI-RES PHOTO? 12

13 Figure 14. String of convex bicone and drop beads of carnelian with a central leg amulet in sardonyx; Dynasty 6, Old Kingdom (from Egypt; The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London, UC 51356). Length approx. 51 cm. Photo courtesy of The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology. NEED HI-RES PHOTO? 13

14 Figure 15. String of convex bicone and barrel beads of common agate (black/dark gray and white wavy banding), onyx (black/dark gray and white planar banding), sardonyx (reddish-brown and white planar banding) and carnelian (solid orange-red); Roman period (from Tell Dafana, Egypt; The British Museum, London, EA 23471). Length 35 cm. Photo courtesy of The British Museum. 14

15 Figure 16. Buttons of common (white) chalcedony and, at upper right, carnelian; possibly Late Period (from Egypt; The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London, UC 58016). Diameter cm and thickness approx. 0.7 cm. Photo courtesy of The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology. NEED HI-RES PHOTO! 15

16 Figure 17. Red jasper girdle-tie-of-isis amulet; New Kingdom (from Egypt; The British Museum, London, EA 20641). Height 6.0 cm. Photo courtesy of The British Museum. 16

17 Figure 18. Green jasper heart-scarab amulet set in a hollow sheet-gold plinth with the hieroglyphic texts inscribed around the sides and bottom of the plinth coming from Chapter 30B of the Book of the Dead; reign of Sobekemsaf II, Dynastic 17, Second Intermediate Period (from Qurna, Egypt; The British Museum, London, EA 7876). Length 3.8 cm and width 2.5 cm. 17

18 Figure 19. Yellow jasper plaque of Amenhotep II inscribed with the figure of a horse and hieroglyphs for Amun, great, majesty and he is strong; Dynasty 18, New Kingdom (from Egypt; The British Museum, London, EA 4077). Height 0.57 cm, length 1.78 cm and width 1.27 cm. Photo courtesy of The British Museum. 18

19 Figure 20. Amber Taweret amulet; Dynasty 18, New Kingdom (from el-amarna, Egypt; The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, UC 68089). Length 2.4 cm, width 1.7 cm and thickness 1.1 cm. Photo courtesy of The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology. NEED HI-RES PHOTO! 19

20 Figure 21. Hippopotamus ivory figure of a woman; Late Predynastic Badarian period (from el-badari, Egypt; The British Museum, EA 59648). Height 14 cm, width 3.8 cm and depth 2.2 cm. Photo courtesy of The British Museum. 20

21 Figure 22. Elephant ivory cosmetic jar in the form of a hippopotamus; Late Predynastic Badarian period (from el-mustagidda, Egypt; The British Museum, EA 63057). Height 5.9 cm and length 7.3 cm. Photo courtesy of The British Museum. 21

22 Figure 23. Gold wire and pearl earring; second century CE, Roman period (from Berenike, Egypt; excavation registry number BE , 2436 b-d-4848). Height 2.7 cm. Photo by Steven Sidebotham. NEED COLOR PHOTO! 22

23 Figure 24. Shell-bead girdle or belt; Late Predynastic Pan Grave period (from el- Mustagidda, Egypt; The British Museum, EA 63257). Length 55.3 cm and width 3.2 cm. Photo courtesy of The British Museum. 23

24 Figure 25. Mother-of-pearl shell pendant or amulet inscribed with a cartouche bearing the prenomen of Senusret I; Dynasty 12, Middle Kingdom (from Egypt; The British Museum, EA 65268). Diameter 11.4 cm. Photo courtesy of The British Museum. 24

25 Figure 26. Carnelian bead-manufacturing scene from the tomb of Aba at Deir el- Gebrawi, Egypt; Dynasty 6, Old Kingdom. Drawing adapted from Davies 1902: pls. 13 and 14 (the original color painting is still in situ). 25

26 Figure 27. Carnelian bead-manufacturing scene from the tomb of Sobekhotep at Thebes, Egypt; Dynasty 18, New Kingdom (The British Museum, London, EA 920). Height 66 cm and width 79 cm. Photo courtesy of The British Museum. 26

27 Figure 28. Mummy portrait of a women wearing earrings and inner necklace of emerald and gold, and outer necklace of amethyst and gold with two pearls dangling from the large emerald cabochon in the center with the two necklaces resembling those in Figure 2; early second century CE, Roman period (from Hawara, Egypt; The British Museum, London, EA 74706). Height 38.2 cm and width 20.5 cm. Photo courtesy of The British Museum. 27