Level 2 Classical Studies, 2007

Transcription

1 Q Level 2 Classical Studies, Examine in essay format an aspect of the classical world Credits: Five 2.00 pm Tuesday 20 November 2007 QUESTION BOOKLET There are FOUR topics: Topic One: Athenian Democracy Topic Two: Athenian Social Life Topic Three: Roman Politics in the Age of Caesar and Cicero Topic Four: Roman Social Life Choose ONE of the four topics. Each topic has three questions. For the topic that you have chosen, choose ONE of the three questions. Write your answer in Answer Booklet 90249A. Check that this booklet has pages 2 7 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank. YOU MAY KEEP THIS BOOKLET AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION. Achievement Criteria Achievement Examine, with supporting evidence, an aspect of the classical world. Write clearly and relevantly in essay format. Achievement with Merit Examine in detail, with supporting evidence, an aspect of the classical world. Write a well-organised response in essay format. Achievement with Excellence Discuss, with supporting evidence, an aspect of the classical world. Write a focused and effective response in essay format. New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.

2 2 You are advised to spend 50 minutes answering your chosen question. There are FOUR topics: Topic One: Athenian Democracy (page 3) Topic Two: Athenian Social Life (page 4) Topic Three: Roman Politics in the Age of Caesar and Cicero (page 5) Topic Four: Roman Social Life (page 6) Choose ONE of the four topics. Each topic has three questions. For the topic that you have chosen, choose ONE of the three questions. Your answer must be in essay format. It must have: an introduction well-organised paragraphs a conclusion. In your Answer Booklet, there are spaces for: copying the essay question that you have chosen to answer planning your essay writing your essay.

3 3 TOPIC ONE: ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY demonstrate knowledge of important historical figures and events use Greek terms where appropriate. Kleisthenes was a key figure in the move towards democracy in Athens. the social organisation before Kleisthenes reforms the reasons why Kleisthenes undertook his reforms what social reorganisation Kleisthenes made, including reference to the phylae and deme the political reforms Kleisthenes undertook, including the boule and ostracism. Then discuss in detail how successful Kleisthenes was in making Athens democratic. Examine in detail the role of the jury courts in Athens, including: the historical development of jury courts in Athens from the time of Solon until the time of Perikles the selection, duties, and powers of jurors the trial procedures. Then discuss in detail both the strengths and weaknesses of the Athenian jury court system. One of the key documents for the study of Athenian democracy is Perikles famous Funeral Oration (also known as the Funeral Speech). Examine this speech in detail by explaining: under what circumstances this speech took place and was written what features of Athenian democracy are highlighted in the speech how accurate are the claims of this speech. Then discuss to what extent leaders who followed Perikles, such as Kleon, upheld the ideals put forward in this speech.

4 4 TOPIC TWO: ATHENIAN SOCIAL LIFE use Greek terms where appropriate. The agora and its environs formed the economic and political heart of the city of Athens. Explain in detail: the buildings related to politics, justice, military administration, and the economy that were in and around the agora the types of shops, stalls, and private businesses that were found in and around the agora. Then discuss for what reasons other than political and economic that Athenians (both male and female) might visit the agora. The beginning and ending of the life of an Athenian were milestones that were marked by rituals; some religious and some secular. the rituals that surrounded the birth of children in the family the rituals surrounding funerals for men of citizen class. Then discuss why the rituals surrounding funerals may have developed. Unlike entertainment in the home, public entertainment in Athens often had religious overtones. the entertainment provided in Athenian theatres what a spectator could expect to see at athletics competitions such as the Panathenaic or Olympic games. Then discuss how the Athenians celebrated the religious aspects of both theatrical and athletic festivals.

5 TOPIC THREE: ROMAN POLITICS IN THE AGE OF CAESAR AND CICERO demonstrate knowledge of important historical figures and events use Latin terms where appropriate. During the first century BC, there was a weakening of the political functions of the senate and people that had been the mainstay of Republican rule. Examine in detail the following traditional aspects of the Republican constitution: the political functions of the senate the political functions of the people the principles and stages of the cursus honorum. Then discuss ONE political event in the first century BC that threatened the stability of the Republican constitution. 5 and the Republic was again at the mercy of the men who commanded the loyalty of the legions. H. H. Scullard, From the Gracchi to Nero Choose any TWO of the following generals: Sulla, Pompey, Caesar. the military background of each man the use each one made of the loyalty of his troops for his personal advantage. Then discuss the reasons why the relationship between legions and their commanders had strengthened AND the consequences of this relationship for the future leadership of Rome. Perhaps the final straw was Caesar s taking the title dictator perpetuus (dictator for life), which he did at the beginning of 44BC. David Taylor, Cicero and Rome the aspects of Caesar s rule that suggested he was aiming for sole political power the planning and carrying out of the assassination of Caesar the expectations of the assassins for the aftermath of the assassination. Then discuss to what extent the expectations of the assassins were fulfilled.

6 6 TOPIC FOUR: ROMAN SOCIAL LIFE use Latin terms where appropriate. The daily life of a Roman boy of the upper class reflected his position in society and the expectations for his future. Examine in detail THREE of the following areas in the life of such a Roman boy: his daily routine the subjects he studied at school, at each stage of his education his relationship with his teachers the events celebrating his coming-of-age. Then discuss how such an upbringing in the areas you have examined prepared him for public life as an adult. The hardest thing to bear in poverty is the fact that it makes men look ridiculous. Juvenal, Satires 3 Examine in detail the life of the poor citizens in the first century AD, covering THREE of the following aspects: housing employment food the life of the client. Then discuss the accuracy of Juvenal s statement AND discuss any advantages there were in general for a poor man living in the city of Rome. Romans of the first century AD are said to have had holidays on almost half of the days of the year, and to avoid civil unrest needed to be kept occupied for as much of this time as possible. Examine in detail TWO of the following areas of entertainment available to the Romans in the first century AD: performances in the amphitheatre theatrical performances the chariot races. Then discuss the benefits of such entertainment both for the populace in general and for the people providing the entertainment.

7 7 References Page 5 H. H. Scullard, From the Gracchi to Nero (London: Methuen, 1959). David Taylor, Cicero and Rome (London: MacMillan Education, 1973). Page 6 Juvenal, The Sixteen Satires (St Ives: Penguin, 1998).