Ancient Greece. Archaic For note taking

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1 Ancient Greece Archaic For note taking

2 The Greek World 2

3 Key Point #1 Idealized proportions and spatial relationships, expressing societal values of harmony and order in all art forms Ancient Greek art provides a foundation for later European and Mediterranean art

4 Key Point #2 Man is the Measure of All Things Body and Mind are developed Even the gods took human form and acted with human traits The human body is used as an exemplar of perfection 4

5 Key Point #3 The art of Ancient Greece is grounded in civic ideals and polytheism and greatly influenced Etruscan and Roman artists and everyone in the future

6 Depictions of gods 6

7 Greek Culture Borrowed many ideas, motifs, conventions, and skills from the Near East and Egypt Recovering from a 400 yr dark ages Democratic Society Slaves were seen as natural and universal Women were secluded at home City-states at constant war with each other Cause for celebration and display of strength in architecture and knowledge through art 7

8 Archaic Greece

10 #26 Athenian Agora Archaic through Hellenistic Greek. 600 BCE-150 CE. Plan. Occupied in all periods of Athens history Changed purpose, but was always in use Mainly used as a market and gathering place (like downtown Alpharetta) Originally for residences, then as a meeting place, and back to residences Why is this an important work of art??? Demonstrates exchange with other areas An example of the unusual government, Democracy How both these shaped Greek culture

11 #26 Athenian Agora Archaic through Hellenistic Greek. 600 BCE-150 CE. Plan. Grey path leads from Athens defensive gate, through the Agora, to the Acropolis, and ended at the Parthenon A major religious procession occurred yearly Agora- a central spot or gathering place for athletic, artistic, spiritual, and political life. Stoa- A covered colonnade (shaded walkway) with a wall on other side Tholos a circular temple

12 #26 Athenian Agora Archaic through Hellenistic Greek. 600 BCE-150 CE. Plan. Represents the beginnings of democracy Representatives were chosen by lottery, so every Athenian had a chance to serve In times of crisis, they elected them Pericles was elected general 15 times First time human beings were credited with the ability to use their reason and logic to create laws

13 #26 Athenian Agora Archaic through Hellenistic Greek. 600 BCE-150 CE. Plan.

14 #26 Athenian Agora Archaic through Hellenistic Greek. 600 BCE-150 CE. Plan. Pericles- patron - a political leader who oversaw the many additions Phidias- a sculptor who oversaw the sculptural decorations

16 #26 Athenian Agora Archaic through Hellenistic Greek. 600 BCE-150 CE. Plan. The Panathenaic procession would walk through the Agora and up the sacred mountain to the Parthenon Yearly religious celebration in honor of Athena, the protector of Athens From Agora to Acropolis to Parthenon To worship Athena

17 #26 Athenian Agora Archaic through Hellenistic Greek. 600 BCE-150 CE. Plan. The Stoa of Zeus was the most important structure -a two-story Doric building (Very little of the Stoa of Zeus remains)

18 Grave Markers Were originally ceramic pots Kraters = large mixing bowls Offerings were made to the deceased through the pots No bottoms so wine would go into the earth where the deceased was

19 Sculpture of the Archaic Era BCE Kouros and Kore statues Kouros = a young male sometimes representing a god or a votive figure or a grave marker Kore = freestanding, clothed female figure Bold innovations and identifiers Archaic smile Made to make them more life-like Freestanding figures Nude Also idealized and stylized 19

20 Evolution of Greek figural sculpture 750 bce 600 bce 530 bce

21 Kouros, ca. 600 BCE. Marble, approx. 6 1/2 high Grave marker Not a real portrait Rigidly frontal Like Egyptians Idealized and stylized Frontal Left foot forward New Nude Negative space Free standing Hair is knotted Originally painted 21

22 #27 Anavysos Kouros Archaic Greek. C. 530 BCE. Marble with remnants of paint. CONTEXT Discovered at a grave in Anavysos Kouros is Greek for youth Thousands were made Ideal male youth Rigidly frontal, symmetrical Used for funeral markers Replaced the use of large vases as grave markers

23 #27 Anavysos Kouros Archaic Greek. C. 530 BCE. Marble with remnants of paint. Context (The story): Boy name Kroisos died heroically in war around 530 B.C.E. His family had this made for him The inscription at the base says, stay and mourn at the tomb of Kroisos, who raging Aries slew as he fought the front ranks. The statue is a bit larger than life-size.

24 #27 Anavysos Kouros Archaic Greek. C. 530 BCE. Marble with remnants of paint. Archaic smile- A slight smile that represents no emotion -Represents transcendence: beyond this world, aristocratic This is not a portrait, but it is more naturalistic than earlier Kouros Frontal Encaustic hot wax mixed with pigment for color best way to paint stone for adherence

25 #27 Anavysos Kouros Archaic Greek. C. 530 BCE. Marble with remnants of paint. Earlier Kouros -larger head -longer face -stiff hair -narrow hips -hard lines on body Anavysos Kouros- -head more proportional -more naturalistic -rounder face -hair falls more naturally -fuller hips Both: Archaic smile, knees locked, left foot forward, nude, free from block (in the round), balanced weight, rigid, fists clenched.

26 #28 Peplos Kore from the Acropolis. Archaic Greek. c. 530 BCE. Marble, painted details. Kore- Female clothed figure Counterpart to Kouros Votive statues making an offering to Athena Found on the Acropolis The female ideal However This one is misnamed. She was thought to be wearing a peplos (a simple, belted garment folded over on the top) but it is now believed that she is wearing the garments of goddesses-chiton and cape)

27 #28 Peplos Kore from the Acropolis. Archaic Greek. c. 530 BCE. Marble, painted details. Content Small statue- less than 4 Her body shows breasts, a waist, and legs Whatever attribute is missing from her left hand would ve identified her Stylistic sister to Anavysos Kouros Archaic smile is softer Face is more naturalized Goddess evidence She may have held a bow in her left hand and an arrow in her right (Artemis) Original coloration is that of a goddess Many holes crown her head where she a crown of rays came out Evidence of rod once extending from the top of her head Earring holes for bronze earrings Clothing shows signs of embroidered animals-fertility peplos kore-smart history

28 #28 Peplos Kore from the Acropolis. Archaic Greek. c. 530 BCE. Marble, painted details Trying to move from frozen in time to a momentary pause Smile and tilt of her head Encaustic: wax with pigment used to paint the sculptures Representation as the goddess Artemis with bow and arrow 28

29 Fits into the corner of the pediment Hair is knotted Pose is awkward and unnatural Archaic smile Dying warrior, from the west pediment of the Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, Greece, ca BCE. 29

30 Temple of Aphaia West Pediment End of Archaic Era East Pediment Beginning of Classical Era 30

31 Floor Plan of a Temple Colonnade A continuous row of columns Peristyle When the columns completely surround a building or courtyard Cella Inner sanctuary where the image of the deity is held Pronaos Front porch Stylobate Top step Stereobate are the other steps Opithodomos Rear porch Usually held the treasury 31

32 Doric Order Entablature Includes all horizontal elements Doric is divided into 3 s Architrave Lowest part that rests on the column Frieze Alternating triglyphs and metopes Triglyphs are triple grooved Metopes can be smooth or hold a relief Cornice Protruding element at the top Pediment Triangular area supported by the entablature Contained sculptures ENTABLATURE 32

33 Ionic Order Lighter in proportion Columns are thinner More elegant in detail Decorated bases Volute capital Scroll like Continuous Frieze Not broken up by triglyphs and metopes 33

34 Entablatures make a difference Doric Ionic

35 35

Kraters registers. Kouros kouroi kore korai

Kraters registers. Kouros kouroi kore korai Greek art overview 1. Quest to define the ideal male and female proportions. Greek sculptures strived to create ideal imagery of beauty for both men and women. The Greek style of sculpture is often called