How to configure Kubuntu

Transcription

1 How to configure Kubuntu Network configuration... 1 Setting up your Linux system on the network...1 Checking your IP address manually...5 Connecting to a remote Windows/Mac network drive using SMB protocol... 6 Graphic configuration...7 Manual configuration and NFS mounts...8 Configuring the screen resolution Graphic configuration...11 Manual configuration...14 Processes management Disk management Graphically...15 Using the console...16 Structure of the Linux and Caldera directories T his document will describe various useful basic Linux commands and procedures, such as: Network configuration. Connecting to a remote Windows/Mac network drive. Configuring the screen and resolution. Managing processes. Disk management. Linux basics. Structure of the Caldera directories. Network configuration Setting up your Linux system on the network By default, in Kubuntu, the network cards are set to DHCP after the installation. 1

2 1. From the Linux Menu, open the System Settings. 2. On the bottom-left side of the window, select Network Settings. 3. On the bottom-right side of the window, select Administrator Mode. 2

3 4. Enter the administration password ( caldera ). 5. Select the network interface you wish to configure, and click Configure Interface. 6. If you wish to use automatic IP addressing, select Automatic/Dhcp, else see below for manual configuration. Make sure to check the Activate when the computer starts box. 7. Select Manual if you wish to assign an IP address manually. Enter your IP address and Netmask. Make sure to check the Activate when the computer starts box. 8. Click on OK to validate your changes. It is necessary to disable and re-enable the interface to validate the settings. 3

4 a. Press on Disable Interface. b. Press on Enable Interface. 9. The gateway can be changed in the Routes tab. c. If you get a message looking like The default Gateway IP address is invalid, input an appropriate IP address or empty the field. 4

5 10. The hostname and DNS can be changed in the Domain Name System tab. d. If you have changed the hostname: - Reboot is required Checking your IP address manually - Edit the Static Hosts entry at the bottom ( ), and change it so that it matches your hostname. 1. From the toolbar on the bottom of the screen, click the Konsole icon. 2. Type ifconfig. This will display the list of all the network interfaces and their respective IP addresses. 5

6 The IP address can be seen on the line starting with inet addr. You can also use the Net-Monitor icon: Connecting to a remote Windows/Mac network drive using SMB protocol In order to be accessible, remote folders have to be mounted. This basically means that a local directory will give you access to the contents of the remote folder. Let s say we want to mount a drive from a Windows remote workstation, called tmp, under a local folder on the Caldera workstation. In our example, and depending on the chosen method, this drive will then be accessible locally from: /mnt/<server>/<share> 6

7 Graphic configuration 1. From the toolbar on the bottom of the screen, click the Smb4k icon. 2. On the left side of the window, you will find your workgroups/domains. If you expand the list for a given group, using the arrow button, you will see the workstations attached to that workgroup/domain. 3. When clicking the arrow button in front of the name of a workstation, you can expand it to see its share points (in other words, these are the remote drives that can be mounted). 4. To mount a share point, simply double-click it. 5. If you do not find your server in the left list, try searching with the Search Dialog tab. 7

8 NOTES: You might be prompted for a username and password. The remote drive will then be mounted under: /mnt/<server>/<share>. You can then reach it by using either FileManager in your Caldera software or the normal Konqueror file browser integrated within Linux. If you reboot your computer, these shares will be remounted automatically, as soon as the user logs in. If you want to setup any mounted share at the system level (without having to log in), please see the section below. Manual configuration and NFS mounts In order to automatically mount shared drives and use NFS mount when the computer boots up, without using the Smb4k tool, you need to set it manually in the Linux FileSystem Table. This method is slightly more complicated, and involves editing the mounting of the startup file systems of your Linux workstation. 1. From the toolbar at the bottom of the screen, click the CalderaTools icon. You will then use a file browser, as the admin user (root). 2. Browse to the /mnt folder. This is the standard folder in which remote shared directories are normally mounted. 8

9 3. By using the menus, create a new directory. In our example, we will call it share. To avoid the removal of this folder at boot-up, please create a sub-folder inside this newly created folder. 4. Browse to the /etc folder. 5. Right-click the file called fstab, and choose Actions, then Edit as Root. This will open a text editor, allowing you to modify that file. Be careful, because this is the standard filesystem mounting file: do not remove nor modify any of the already existing lines in that file! 9

10 6. At the end of this file, you will need to add a specific line. In our example, we will consider that the IP address of the remote workstation is , that the shared folder is tmp, and that neither a username nor a password is required. The line you need to add is the following one: // /tmp/mnt/sharecifsdefaults,password=00 If a username or password is required (in our example, it is caldera for both), add this line: For NFS, add : // /tmp/mnt/sharecifsdefaults,username=caldera,password=caldera :/tmp/mnt/sharenfsdefaults00 7. Save the file now, by using the floppy icon or the menus. 8. In order to test whether the operation has been appropriately performed or not, click the Konsole icon, in the toolbar at the bottom of the screen. 9. Type sudo -s. 10. Enter the root password (by default, it is caldera). Please note that you cannot see what you are typing here. 11. Type mount -a. This will mount or remount all the shared directories. If everything has worked well, you should not get any message. If you do get a message, it means that the fstab file contains an error. Go back to step 4, and modify the file accordingly. The reason to such an error might be because you have input the line incorrectly, or because you need a username and password. Use the Smb4K tool to check this. 10

11 12. Type mount. You should now see the remote shared drive as mounted. Configuring the screen resolution Graphic configuration NOTE: If, at any time during the modifications, you end up being logged in text mode (a black screen without any mouse pointer), proceed to the Manual configuration mode. If you do not see anything on your screen, or if the monitor displays an Out of Range warning message, press Ctrl-Alt-F1 on your keyboard, and proceed to the manual mode. 1. From the Linux Menu, open the System Settings tool. 2. Select Monitor & Display. 11

12 3. Click the Administrator Mode button. 4. Enter the administration password: caldera. 5. You will now see the available resolutions on the bottom as a slide bar. 12

13 6. Change your resolution and Apply. If the changes do not apply immediately, you might need to restart the X-Server: press <Ctrl>-<Alt>-<Backspace> on the keyboard. This will log you out. Log in again as the caldera user. If your resolution is not listed here, or if the slide bar is limited to 1024x768, please correct your monitor type in the hardware section. 1. Click the Hardware tab. 2. Click the Configure button. Normally the monitor should have been detected, though on certain screens (on laptops, for instance), it sometimes does not work. If need be, select the appropriate monitor. 13

14 3. If you have changed the monitor, this will only take effect when the X-Server is restarted. Apply you changes, and press <Ctrl>-<Alt>-<Backspace> on the keyboard. This will log you out. Log in again as the caldera user, and repeat the Screen configuration procedure. Manual configuration This mode is designed specifically to repair your graphical configuration in case you cannot see any graphic screen (it is easy to recognize such a mode: the screen is black, no mouse pointer is available, and a login prompt is displayed). 1. At the login prompt, type caldera. 2. Enter the root password (by default, it is caldera). Please note that you cannot see what you are typing here. 3. You should then get what is called a Unix prompt : caldera@caldera-desktop: $ 4. Type sudo -s. 5. Enter the administration password : caldera. 6. Type RepareXserver and press on <Enter>. 7. Press on <Enter>. 8. The tool will repare and restart your Graphical configuration. Processes management Here is the KDE equivalent to the famous Ctrl+Alt+Del function: KDE System Guard. 1. From the Linux Menu, open the Caldera Shortcuts > KSysGuard. 14

15 2. To stop a running application, select it in the list, and press the Kill button. Disk management Graphically 1. From the Linux Menu, open the Caldera Shortcuts > KDiskFree tool. This will display all mounted drives and partitions, as well as their respective usage. 15

16 2. To check the size of a folder, open a Konqueror window (by clicking the public icon on the desktop, for instance). 3. Right-click on the folder you want to check, and select Properties. Using the console Here are some basic Linux commands to be used within a Konsole window (a terminal). du: shows you the total size of a directory. Example: du /home/public. ls: lists the files in a given directory (this is the equivalent of the dir command in MS-DOS). Example: ls /home/public. df: shows you the disk usage. Example: df. cd: switches to a specific directory (like in MS-DOS). Example: cd /home/public. 16

17 su: switches to super-user mode. Example: su. ping: pings a machine on the network. Example: ping rm: deletes a file. Example: rm /home/public/test.ps. man: displays the manual for a given command. Example: man ls. Structure of the Linux and Caldera directories The / partition This partition contains the Linux operating system, as well as the Caldera software installation. Usually, its size is of about 5 Gb, and it is filled at about 70%. No data can be written on that drive, and as a normal user (caldera), you do not get any writing privileges on that partition. Caldera software structure /opt/caldera/bin (caldera binaries). /opt/caldera/lib (caldera library and data). The /home partition This is the real work partition where your files are stored. It contains: /home/caldera (the home folder of the caldera user). /home/caldera/imageworkdir (the images in the Caldera Image Bar). /home/caldera/.cas (containing your preferences as well as the configuration files). /home/public (the public folder, shared over the network). /home/calderasave (the backup folder). /home/calderatools (the CalderaTools folder). /home/tmp (this folder contains all the data of the Spooler, including reprint files). /home/spooler (the personal folder of the spooler user). 17

18 Devices and Network shares CD/DVD USB Devices Network folders /media/cdrom0 /media/<name of the device> /mnt/<server>/<share> NOTE: USB devices must be ejected properly. To do so, do a right-click on the USB device on the desktop, and choose Safely remove. 18