HealthStream Regulatory Script. Ergonomics. Version: [May 2006]
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1 HealthStream Regulatory Script Ergonomics Version: [May 2006] Lesson 1: Introduction Lesson 2: Basics of Ergonomics Lesson 3: Musculoskeletal Disorders Lesson 4: Healthy Habits 2006_05_Ergonomics.doc 1
2 Lesson 1: Introduction 1001 Introduction Welcome to the introductory lesson on ergonomics. IMAGE: 1001.JPG As your partner, HealthStream strives to provide its customers with excellence in regulatory learning solutions. As new guidelines are continually issued by regulatory agencies, we work to update courses, as needed, in a timely manner. Since responsibility for complying with new guidelines remains with your organization, HealthStream encourages you to routinely check all relevant regulatory agencies directly for the latest updates for clinical/organizational guidelines.
3 1002 Course Rationale IMAGE: 1002.JPG This course will teach you how to avoid work-related repetitive stress injury [glossary] to your: Wrists Arms Back Other at-risk areas of your body You will learn: Risk factors for injury How good ergonomics can protect against injury
4 1003 Course Goals After completing this course, you should be able to: Define ergonomics. Recognize how ergonomics protects against workrelated injury. Identify common types of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), including causes, symptoms, and risk factors. Recognize strategies for preventing MSDs. List healthy habits for preventing work-related injury. NO IMAGE
5 1004 Course Outline This introductory lesson gives the course rationale, goals, and outline. Lesson 2 explains the basics of ergonomics. Lesson 3 discusses musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This includes a description of MSDs, risk factors, and preventive strategies. Finally, lesson 4 describes healthy habits that can help keep you safe from injury at work. FLASH ANIMATION:1004.SWF/FLA Course Map Lesson 1: Introduction Lesson 2: Basics of Ergonomics Definition Importance Lesson 3: Musculoskeletal disorders Definition Common types Risk factors Symptoms Preventive Strategies Lesson 4: Healthy Habits
6 Lesson 2: Basics of Ergonomics 2001 Introduction & Objectives Welcome to the lesson on the basics of ergonomics. After completing this lesson, you should be able to: Define ergonomics. Recognize the role of ergonomics in preventing workrelated injury. FLASH ANIMATION: 2001.SWF/FLA Lesson map Ergonomics Definition Examples Importance
7 2002 Ergonomics The term ergonomics comes from two Greek words: Ergon, meaning work Nomos, meaning natural laws IMAGE: 2002.JPG Ergonomics means designing work equipment and tasks to fit the natural laws of the human body.
8 2003 Ergonomics in the Workplace: Examples Ergonomics should be used throughout the workplace. IMAGE: 2003.jpg Ergonomic principles should be used to design: Workstations Controls Displays Safety devices Tools Lighting Common tasks
9 2004 Importance of Ergonomics: Injury Why is ergonomics so important? IMAGE: 2004.GIF The body is stressed by awkward and difficult positions and movements. Over time, this stress can lead to injury. This is especially true if: Awkward or difficult positions are held for long periods of time. Awkward or difficult movements are repeated many times.
10 2005 Importance of Ergonomics: Preventing Injury Ergonomics helps prevent work-related injury by helping people avoid awkward and difficult positions and movements. IMAGE: 2005.JPG By preventing work-related injury, an ergonomic work environment can lead to: A decrease in lost work days An increase in productivity Lower worker s compensation costs Improved job satisfaction among employees
11 2006 Review Ergonomics means: a. Work-related injuries b. Fitting the human body to the needs of the job c. Fitting the job to the natural laws of the human body d. None of the above MULTIPLE CHOICE INTERACTION [CORRECT ANSWER: C] [RESPONSE FOR CHOICE A: Incorrect. The correct answer is C.] [RESPONSE FOR CHOICE B: Incorrect. The correct answer is C.] [RESPONSE FOR CHOICE C: Correct.] [RESPONSE FOR CHOICE D: Incorrect. The correct answer is C.]
12 2007 Summary You have completed the lesson on the basics of ergonomics. NO IMAGE Remember: Ergonomics means designing work environments to fit the human body. Awkward positions and repeated movements can lead to injury. Ergonomics can help prevent injury by preventing awkward and difficult positions and movements.
13 Lesson 3: Musculoskeletal Disorders 3001 Introduction & Objectives Welcome to the lesson on musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). After completing this lesson, you should be able to: Define musculoskeletal disorder. Identify the types of workers at risk for MSDs. Recognize symptoms and risk factors for MSDs. List strategies for preventing MSDs, including general ergonomic best practices. FLASH ANIMATION: 3001.SWF/FLA Lesson Map Musculoskeletal disorders Definition Severity Who is at risk? MSDs in clerical workers Hand, wrist, and arm injury Back pain Eye problems MSDs in clinical & environmental workers Back injury Ergonomic best practices
14 3002 Musculoskeletal Disorders due to Repetitive Stress The most common type of work-related injury is the repetitive stress injury (RSI). IMAGE: 3002.JPG RSIs also are known as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). MSDs happen when there is ongoing wear and tear on the body. This wear and tear can damage: Muscles Tendons Ligaments Cartilage Nerves Blood vessels
15 3003 MSDs: Severity MSDs vary in severity. IMAGE: 3003.JPG In some people, MSDs cause pain and problems every day. Others have pain and problems only once in a while.
16 3004 MSDs: Who Is at Risk? All workers are at some risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders due to repetitive stress. IMAGE: 3004.JPG However, the risk is higher among certain types of workers. For example, clerical workers are more likely to develop: Injuries related to repetitive motion of the hands, wrists, and arms Eyestrain and headache Back pain Clinical and environmental workers are at high risk for back injury.
17 3005 MSDs in Clerical Workers: Hand, Wrist, & Arm Injury: Causes Many clerical workers spend at least part of each workday performing repetitive tasks with their hands, for example: Typing Filing IMAGE: 3005.JPG Over time, this can result in injury to the: Hand Wrist Arm
18 3006 MSDs in Clerical Workers: Hand, Wrist, & Arm Injury: Common Types Three common hand and arm injuries seen in clerical workers are: Carpal tunnel syndrome DeQuervain s tenosynovitis Bursitis Click on the name of each MSD to learn more. CLICK TO REVEAL Carpal tunnel syndrome Carpal tunnel syndrome (or CTS) happens when a nerve becomes pinched at the wrist. Painful, burning numbness in the palm of the hand is a common symptom. Numbness generally awakens the patient at night or happens with repetitive use of the hand. Pain may radiate up the arm toward the shoulder. Loss of strength in the hand also is a common symptom. DeQuervain s tenosynovitis Tendons are the rope-like structures that connect muscles to bone. The synovial sheath is the protective lining around tendons. Tenosynovitis is inflammation of tendons and the surrounding synovial sheath. DeQuervain s or stenosing tenosynovitis affects the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist. Symptoms include aching, tenderness, swelling, and shooting pain. Bursitis Bursae are small, fluid-filled sacs that allow bones to glide smoothly against moving structures such as muscles and tendons. Bursitis is the inflammation of a bursa. Symptoms of bursitis include pain and stiffness aggravated by movement. Pain may be prominent at night. Almost any bursa in the body can be affected, but those located around a joint are affected most often.
19 3007 MSDs in Clerical Workers: Hand, Wrist, and Arm Injury: Prevention To help prevent MSDs in the hand, wrist, and arm: Avoid awkward wrist positions. Reduce repetitive hand movements. Minimize the use of vibrating tools. Redesign tools and workstations to maintain a neutral hand position. Add variety to tasks. Take frequent breaks. Use wrist supports. Adjust desk height. IMAGE: 3007.JPG
20 3008 MSDs in Clerical Workers: Back Pain: Causes Causes of back pain in clerical workers include: Sitting with poor posture Sitting in poorly designed chairs Sitting in chairs that are not adjusted properly IMAGE: 3008.JPG Sitting is a static posture that can stress the back, neck, arms, and legs. This puts pressure on the back muscles and the spine. People who sit for long periods also may have swelling or tension in muscles of the buttocks. This puts pressure on the sciatic nerve, causing pain.
21 3009 MSDs in Clerical Workers: Back Pain: Prevention To help prevent back pain as a result of prolonged sitting: Use an ergonomically designed chair Place your chair at the proper height. Your feet should rest flat on the floor or on a support. Distribute your body weight evenly on both hips. Bend your knees at a right angle. Keep your knees even with or slightly higher than your hips. Sit with your back straight and shoulders back. Avoid sitting in the same position for more than 30 minutes at a time. IMAGE: 3009.JPG
22 3010 MSDs in Clerical Workers: Eye Problems: Types Computer use has not been shown to cause permanent injury to the eyes. IMAGE: 3010.JPG However, computer users often have temporary problems with eyestrain and headaches. Other eye problems can include: Double or blurred vision Burning or dry feeling in the eyes Eye fatigue Loss of focus
23 3011 MSDs in Clerical Workers: Eye Problems: Prevention To help prevent computer-related eye problems: Have your eyes checked by an eye doctor regularly. Rest your eyes for at least 20 seconds every 30 minutes. Clean your monitor screen regularly. Keep your monitor 18 to 24 inches from your face. Adjust lighting to reduce glare on your screen. Use an anti-glare screen if necessary. IMAGE: 3011.JPG
24 3012 MSDs in Clinical & Environmental Workers: Back Injury: Introduction Clinical staff and environmental workers often do a lot of lifting. IMAGE: 3012.GIF This puts them at high risk for back injury.
25 3013 MSDs in Clinical & Environmental Workers: Back Injury: Risk Factors For clinical workers, a significant risk factor for back injury is not using the right device to assist with patient lifts and transfers. IMAGE: 3013.JPG Other risk factors for back injury when lifting are: Poor posture Poor physical condition Improper body mechanics Lifts that take a lot of force
26 3014 MSDs in Clinical & Environmental Workers: Back Injury: Prevention To help prevent back injury related to lifting and transferring patients: Always use the proper device (e.g., gait belt, transfer board, etc.) for the transfer. Always use enough staff members to do the transfer safely. NO IMAGE Other ways to prevent back injury when lifting include: Maintain proper body alignment. Lift with the knees, keeping the back straight. Wear slip-resistant shoes. Keep lifted loads close to the body. Take breaks and stretch often.
27 3015 General Tips for Preventing MSDs: Ergonomic Best Practices Regardless of the type of work you do, use the following best practices to help prevent MSDs: Avoid fixed or awkward postures. Avoid manual lifting whenever possible (i.e., use carts and lifting devices instead). Avoid highly repetitive tasks. Avoid using a lot of force. Provide support for your limbs. Use the ergonomic tools supplied by your facility (e.g., wrist supports for keyboards). IMAGE: 3015.JPG
28 3016 General Tips for Preventing MSDs: Regular Exercise Regular exercise can help prevent injury and illness of all types. IMAGE: 3016.JPG Always consult your physician before starting an exercise program.
29 3017 Review Roll over the parts of Jane s body where repetitive motion injuries are most likely to occur. FLASH INTERACTION: 3017.SWF/FLA
30 3018 Summary You have completed the lesson on musculoskeletal disorders. NO IMAGE Remember: All workers are at risk for work-related MSDs. The risk of MSDs is greater among certain workers. These include clerical workers, clinical staff, and environmental personnel. Use ergonomic best practices and other appropriate strategies to help prevent MSDs.
31 Lesson 4: Healthy Habits 4001 Objectives Welcome to the lesson on healthy habits. After you have completed this lesson, you will be able to: List eight healthy habits that can help reduce the risk of injury in the workplace. FLASH ANIMATION: 4001.SWF/FLA Lesson map Eight healthy habits for the workplace
32 4002 Healthy Habit 1 Follow your facility s policies and procedures. IMAGE: 4002.JPG Take the time to review information on safe work practices. If you have any questions or need explanation, see your supervisor.
33 4003 Healthy Habit 2 Know your equipment. IMAGE: 4003.JPG You should know about each item of equipment that you use. Know the answers to these questions: How does the equipment work? Can I adjust the equipment to better fit me?.
34 4004 Healthy Habit 3 Keep your tools close. IMAGE: 4004.JPG Keep the tools you use often right in front of you. This can help reduce: Twisting motions Stress to the arms, shoulders, and back Awkward stretching and bending while searching for items
35 4005 Healthy Habit 4 Maintain neutral positions. IMAGE: 4005.jpg Neutral positions are the natural postures of the body. Neutral positions are especially important when performing repetitive tasks.
36 4006 Healthy Habit 5 Take advantage of supportive equipment. IMAGE: 4006.jpg Your facility supplies special equipment and tools to help: Provide support for repetitive work. Reduce the risk of MSDs. Common examples of supportive equipment include: Keyboard wrist supports Gait belts for lifting Document holders and stands for visual comfort Ergonomically designed chairs for back support
37 4007 Healthy Habit 6 Respond to your aches and pains. IMAGE: 4007.JPG Aches and pains are the early signs of injury. Ignoring pain may result in a more serious injury that is: Harder to treat Slower to heal Pay serious attention to any persistent: Soreness Weakness Numbness Tingling If you experience any of these signs or symptoms, contact your physician to check out the problem as soon as possible.
38 4008 Healthy Habit 7 Modify high-risk work habits. IMAGE: 4008.JPG High-risk behaviors increase the chance of injury. Examples are: Sitting or standing in one position for too long Incorrect hand or wrist position when typing Leaning on the elbows and wrists Holding the head down and forward Slouching when sitting (i.e., poor posture) Work on correcting these bad habits.
39 4009 Healthy Habit 8 Review hobbies and chores at home. IMAGE: 4009.GIF Bad habits at home often carry over to work, and vice versa.
40 4010 Review Arrange items on the desk to avoid the stress of reaching, twisting, and stretching. FLASH INTERACTION: 4010.SWF/FLA Pen Telephone Stamp Envelope Plant Family photograph Mouse Click on each item and drag it to the appropriate work surface.
41 4011 Summary You have completed the lesson on healthy habits. NO IMAGE Remember: Follow your facility s policies and procedures. Know your equipment. Keep your tools close by. Maintain neutral positions. Take advantage of supportive equipment. Respond to aches and pains. Modify high-risk work habits. Practice good habits at home.
42 Course Glossary # Term Definition carpal tunnel syndrome painful and sometimes disabling condition involving compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel, a rigid compartment formed by the carpal bones of the hand at the base of the palm cartilage tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the body, such as the joints, outer ear, and larynx ligament sheet or band of tough, fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages at a joint or supporting an organ muscle tissue composed of fibers capable of contracting to effect bodily movement musculoskeletal disorder any disease, injury, or significant impairment to muscles, bones, joints, or supporting connective tissues nerves any of the cordlike bundles of fibers made up of neurons through which sensory stimuli and motor impulses pass OSHA (Occupational Safety federal agency responsible for national regulations that ensure a safe workplace and Health Administration) repetitive stress injury type of injury sustained over time due to repeating the same task or movement over and over again; also referred to as musculoskeletal disorder sciatica pain along the sciatic nerve, usually caused by a herniated disk of the lumbar region of the spine tendon band of tough, inelastic, fibrous tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment
43 Ergonomics PA Test 1. Ergonomics should be used to improve the design and function of: a. (a) Seating b. (b) Lighting c. (c) Common practices d. Both A and C e. All of the above Correct: All of the above Feedback: Ergonomics should be applied throughout the workplace. 2. A well-designed environment and careful assignment of duties can lead to: a. (a) Improved job satisfaction b. (b) An increase in productivity c. (c) A decrease in lost work days d. Both B and C e. All of the above Correct: All of the above Feedback: Decreased absenteeism, increased productivity, and improved job satisfaction are all benefits of good ergonomic practices. 3. Clerical workers are at risk for MSDs that affect the: a. (a) Back b. (b) Hands c. (c) Wrists d. Both B and C e. All of the above Correct: All of the above Feedback: Clerical workers perform tasks that put repetitive stress on all these body parts. 4. True or false: All workers are at some risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to repetitive stress injury. a. True
44 b. False Correct: True Feedback: The risk varies from job to job. However, all workers are at some risk for MSDs. 5. Joint pain is a common symptom of: a. (a) Bursitis b. (b) Carpal tunnel syndrome c. (c) DeQuervain's tenosynovitis a. Both B and C b. All of the above Correct: Bursitis Feedback: Bursitis causes joint pain. 6. True or false: To help prevent back pain as a result of sitting for long periods, your knees should be slightly lower than your hips. a. True b. False Correct: False Feedback: Keep knees even with or slightly higher than the hips. 7. To prevent back injury: a. (a) Maintain proper body alignment. b. (b) Use devices to help with patient transfers. c. (c) Hold loads away from the body when lifting. d. Both A and B e. All of the above Correct: Both A and B Feedback: To help prevent back injury, maintain proper body alignment. Use devices to help with patient transfers. Hold lifted loads close to the body. 8. True or false: A good exercise program can help prevent injuries. a. True b. False Correct: True Feedback: This statement is true.
45 9. True or false: Heavy computer use has been proven to cause permanent eye damage. a. True b. False Correct: False Feedback. No permanent eye damage has been seen with computer use. However, problems with eyestrain and headaches are common among heavy computer users. 10. True or false: To maintain a neutral position, hold your head down and forward. a. True b. False Correct: False Feedback: Neutral positions are the natural postures of the body. Holding the head down and forward is not neutral.
46 Final Exam Question Title: Question 1 Ergonomic solutions for eyestrain include: a. Taking rest breaks b. Arranging your computer monitor and work materials to minimize stress on the eyes c. Arranging your workstation to minimize reflections and glare on the computer screen d. All of the above Correct: All of the above Rationale: The ergonomic solution for eyestrain takes into account: lighting, distance from screen, line of vision, placement of materials, and periodic rest breaks. Question Title: Question 2 True or false: Bad work habits at home can carry over to work. a. True b. False Correct: True Rationale: Practicing good work habits at home, as well as at work, reduces the risk of developing a MSD due to repetitive strain. Question Title: Question 3 Symptoms of MSDs of the hand and arm include: a. Loss of strength b. Numbness, burning, or aching c. Painful tingling, especially at night d. All of the above Correct: All of the above Rationale: These are all common symptoms of MSDs of the hand and arm.
47 Question Title: Question 4 According to the principles of ergonomics: a. One tool fits all. b. Fit the worker to the tool. c. Keep the tools you use most often close to you. d. All of the above Correct: Keep the tools you use most often close to you. Rationale: Keep the tools you use most often close by, to prevent injuries from bending, reaching, and stretching. Question Title: Question 5 You feel numbness, tingling, pain, and weakness in your hands and fingers. This could be a sign of: a. Back strain b. Bruised wrist c. Pulled tendon d. Carpal tunnel syndrome Correct: Carpal tunnel syndrome Correct Answer: These are all common symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Question Title: Question 6 Choose the correct statement(s). a. Bend at the knees and lift with the legs. b. Avoid manual lifting whenever possible. c. Use devices to help with lifting and transferring patients. d. All of the above Correct: All of the above
48 Rationale: All of the statements are correct. Question Title: Question 7 Prevent back strain while sitting by: a. Sitting up with your back straight b. Periodically shifting your weight from hip to hip. c. Adjusting the height of your chair so that your feet dangle in the air d. All of the above Correct: Sitting up with your back straight Rationale: To prevent back strain while sitting: Sit up with your back straight. Distribute your body weight evenly on both hips. Your feet should rest flat on the floor. Question Title: Question 8 Workers at risk for MSDs include: a. Nurses b. Janitors c. Physicians d. Laundry workers e. All of the above Correct: All of the above Rationale: All workers are at some risk for developing MSDs. Question Title: Question 9 True or false: Neutral positions are natural body positions. Use neutral positions when performing repetitive movements. a. True b. False
49 Correct: True Rationale: It is best to use neutral body positions when performing repetitive movements. This helps to guard against repetitive stress injury.
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