Radiation Protection in Industrial Applications in India. Dr Ramanathan Ganesan ex-barc (Bhabha Atomic Research Centre), India

Transcription

1 Radiation Protection in Industrial Applications in India Dr Ramanathan Ganesan ex-barc (Bhabha Atomic Research Centre), India

2 Outline Applications of radiation in industry in India Country-wide radiation protection Radiological protection surveys Training programs in radiation protection Radiation incidents

3 Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)

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8 List of radiation sources used in various nucleonic control systems Number of Institutions 1010 Level gauges 3559 Density and moisture gauges 1062 Thickness gauges 536 Well logging tools 486 Betascopes 156 Others 714

9 Estimate of the current extent and status of the industrial radiography in India (as on 2008) Number of NDT companies 500 Number of NDT gamma and x-ray devices 1300 Number of radiographers 3900 Number of declared accidents/incidents Mean individual dose 2-3/y 0.8mSv Taken from RAS/9/042 First Workshop of the Asian Region ALARA Network Improving Radiation Protection in Industrial Radiography, Chiba, Japan 5-7 Nov 2008

10 Applications of Nuclear Gauges in Industry Film Thickness Film Thickness Paper Thickness QUALITY CONTROL Beverage Level Oil Level 10

11 GAMMA COLUMN SCANNING Provides clear internal details Co-60 Detector

12 Leak location in underground pipelines using radiotracers Radiotracer for studying slit movement Dredging etc. in coasts/harbours

13 2016/9/29

14 Radiation Protection and personnel safety in industrial radiography No practices be adopted unless their introduction produces net positive benefits All exposures be kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) The dose equivalent to individuals shall not exceed the limits set by ICRP/IAEA The design of radiation source/assembly must meet the requirements of ISO 2919 TLD personal monitor Radiation monitors

15 Distribution of doses in different intervals for various industrial sub-categories (Thanks to Sanaye etal., Occupational exposures in industry during Radiation Protection and Environment, January 2012, Vol.35, Issue 1)

16 Safety and security of radiation sources used in industry Safety and security of radiation sources is well organized in India No source can be obtained without an authorisation by BARC/AERB BARC/AERB ensures planning of installation, availability of appropriate infrastructure including trained staff, equipment, storage and handling facilities before authorisation. BARC/AERB carries out pre-commissioning surveys, surprise checks, quality assurance, type tests and performance tests in all institutions. Implementation of radiation protection in industrial radiography is a difficult

17 2016/9/29 From Loss and recovery of radiation sources in India U.C.Mishra and A.S.Pradhan, Proceedings of IAEA conference on Goiania, 10years later, Oct.1997

18 2016/9/29 From Loss and recovery of radiation sources in India U.C.Mishra and A.S.Pradhan, Proceedings of IAEA conference on Goiania, 10years later, Oct.1997

19 Loss of source during open field radiography Ir-192 source ~16 Ci was lost The source was found by a railway gangman Teams of scientists were despatched to locate the source and enquire in hospitals Source was accidently located in the shack where the gang-man was staying. Source was retrieved with remote control and brought in lead pot to BARC There was a radiation burn in his thigh and a plastic surgery was done

20 Dose estimates correlated well with clinical findings Dose calculations: Loss of source during open field radiography Calculations based on the activity, duration and geometry of exposure conditions. Problem of dose assessment due to varying distances of the source from the body, lack of information about exact duration of exposure in different portions. Experimental simulations using a thigh phantom of tissue equivalent material and CaSo 4 :Dy TLD. Doses to different regions ranged from 5 Gy 11.5 Gy

21 Recovery of Lost Radioactive Source in Coovum River Sources were finally recovered in tact from a slushy area of the river 3 sources were lost - 2 Am-Be of GBq and 18.5 Gbq and 1 Cs Gbq Sources were stolen from a U.S. company doing oil-well logging for Oil & Natural gas commission (ONGC)

22 Recovery of Lost Radioactive Source in Coovum River Chronology of the event: The authorisation to import these sources were given by BARC to ONGC in 1990 The first information report (FIR) on the theft of the sources was received on September 23, 1993 by Madras Police Several teams of scientists were assembled to survey all potential areas covering in this process over 450 km of roads in the city and surroundings. Police enquiry indicate that the two sources were lying in the slushy area in the river Specialists from AERB, BARC and ONGC were called The sources were finally recovered after erecting a coffer dam around the region the sources were lying to allow for local de-watering. ( 880 trucks dumping tonnes of gravel and 10,000 bags of sand used)

23 Training courses on radiography testing RT-1 Radiographers certification course of 10 days duration is the first training course on radiography testing started in 1978 by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). 64 such courses were conducted during at different institutions in the country and generated about 1760 certified radiographers. In 1994 this course was abandoned and Radiography Testing Level-1 (RT-1) course was started. Currently, these courses are being run by 4 institutes approved by BARC/AERB. 15 RT-1 courses are conducted every year. 130 courses conducted since 1994 has produced 3000 radiographers. RT-1 training course is conducted as per ISO-9712 and syllabus approved by AERB. The duration of the course is 15 days.

24 Year-wise distribution of RT-1 courses, pass percentages and candidates during

25 Training Course on Radiography Testing Level-2 The course is conducted as per the guidelines of ISO-9712 and the syllabus conforms to IAEA-TECDOC-628/Rev.2. This course is mandatory in the country for those who want to set-up the radiography exposure devices or to work as Radiological Safety Officer (RSO) in the radiography practices. A candidate who successfully completes the course becomes eligible to act as a certified radiographer as per standard provisions. The course is of 20 days duration 5-6 courses are conducted every year producing ~300 certified radiographers

26 TRAINING COURSE ON RADIATION SAFETY ASPECTS OF NUCLEONIC GAUGES (NG) A person who undergoes and qualifies the training course becomes eligible to work as RSO in the sponsoring organization. Training programme is conducted normally at BARC. Depending upon the availability of facilities and sufficient number of participants, this course can be arranged at user institution also. The course was conducted by BARC till Since then it is outsourced to the Indian Association for Radiation Protection who organize the course in collaboration with BARC. It is a 9-day (working days, including Saturday & Sunday) course. There are 18 lectures on different topics related to radiation safety and two practical demonstrations. It is normally scheduled when sufficient applications (about 30-35) are received.

27 Training Programme - Industrial Applications 27

28 Namasthe Thank You