Urban-Use Soil Descriptions Delaware County Soil Survey AmD2 Amanda silt loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes, eroded.

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1 AmD2 Amanda silt loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes, eroded. This moderately steep, very deep well-drained soil is on short breaks and hillsides along drainage ways in the eastern and south central parts of the county. It formed in medium lime silt loam or loam glacial till. Erosion has removed part of the original surface layer. The present surface layer is a mixture of the remaining original surface layer and subsoil. Included with this soil are small areas of somewhat poorly drained Bennington soils in drainage ways. Permeability is moderately slow and the available water capacity is moderate. Surface runoff is medium, and the root zone is moderately deep. The good natural drainage is favorable for building site development. Considerable excavation commonly is needed to create a conventional building site. Scalped areas erode very rapidly and need to be re-seeded as soon as possible to prevent serious losses. Special bank type structures commonly require less excavation. Septic tank absorption fields should be large because of the moderately slow permeability of the soil. Down-slope seepage of effluent is likely. Consult Delaware County Health Department for regulations regarding slope and size of field. AmE Amanda silt loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes This steep, very deep well-drained soil is on breaks to the major stream valleys and on the side slopes of narrow valleys. It formed in medium lime silt loam or loam glacial till. Included with this soil are small areas of somewhat poorly drained Bennington soils at the base of the slope. Permeability is moderately slow and the available water capacity is somewhat moderate. Surface runoff is high and the root zone is moderately deep or deep. Areas of this soil are poorly suited to building site development because of their steep slopes. Considerable excavation is needed to develop a building site. Exposed areas erode very rapidly. Areas of this soil are generally unsuited to septic tank absorption fields because of downslope seepage of effluent to the surface. AmF Amanda silt loam, 25 to 50 percent slopes. These very steep, very deep well-drained soils are on the side slopes of stream valleys. They formed in medium lime silt loam, or loam glacial till. Included with this soil are small areas of somewhat poorly drained Bennington soils at the base of the slope. Page 1 of 29 Symbols: AmD2 - AmF

2 Permeability is moderately slow and surface runoff is high. The available water capacity is moderate and the root zone is moderately deep. Areas of this soil are generally unsuited to building site development or septic tank absorption fields. Extensive excavation commonly is needed to develop a building site. Exposed areas erode very rapidly. Downslope seepage of septic tank effluent to the surface is likely. BeA Bennington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This nearly level, very deep somewhat poorly drained soil is on upland flats in the eastern part of the county. It formed in silty clay loam, clay loam or loam medium lime glacial till. Included with this soil are small areas of the dark colored very poorly drained Pewamo soils and the lighter colored Condit soils on the lowest part of the landscape. Also included are the moderately well drained Cardington or Centerburg soils on the highest part of the landscape. Permeability is moderately slow or slow and surface runoff is low. The root zone is deep, and the available water capacity is moderate. The natural wetness of this soil limits its suitability for building site development and septic tank absorption fields. The water table is within 12 inches of the surface in the winter and spring. Footer drains are needed to keep water away from basement walls. Lots should be graded so that surface water flows away from the foundation. In some areas, diversions are needed to intercept runoff from nearby slopes. Excessive wetness also interferes with the operation of septic tank absorption fields. In addition, permeability is slower than optimum for their operation. Subsurface (curtain) drains can be used to lower the water table in areas to be used as absorption fields if an adequate outlet is available. Absorption fields should be large because of the slow permeability of the soil. BeB Bennington silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes. This gently sloping very deep somewhat poorly drained soil is on uplands in the eastern part of the county. Slopes commonly are short and irregular. The soil formed in silty clay loam, clay loam, or loam medium lime glacial till. Included with this soil are small areas of the moderately well drained Cardington or Centerburg soils on the highest part of the landscape. Also included are the very poorly drained Pewamo and the lighter colored Condit soils on the lowest part of the landscape. Permeability is moderately slow or slow and surface runoff is low or medium. The available water capacity is moderate and root zone is deep. Seasonal wetness limits the use of this soil for building site development and septic tank absorption fields. The water table is within 12 inches of the surface for extended Page 2 of 29 Symbols: BeA - BeB

3 periods in the winter and spring. Footer drains are needed to keep water away from basement walls. Higher and more convex parts of the landscape should be favored, and distinct depressions avoided, when selecting a building site. The seasonal high water table and moderately slow or slow permeability interfere with the operation of septic tank absorption fields. Subsurface (curtain) drains can be used to lower the water table in areas to be used as absorption fields if an adequate outlet is available. BoA Blount silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This nearly level very deep somewhat poorly drained soil is on upland flats in the western part of the county. It formed in high lime clay loam and silty clay loam glacial till. Included with this soil are small areas of the dark colored very poorly drained Pewamo soils on the lowest part of the landscape. Also included are the moderately well drained, Glynwood soils on the highest part of the landscape. Permeability is slow or moderately slow and surface runoff is low. The root zone is moderately deep and the available water capacity is moderate. The natural wetness of this soil limits its suitability for building site development. The water table is within 12 inches of the surface in the winter and spring. Footer drains are needed to keep water away from basement walls. Lots should be graded such that surface water flows away from the foundation. In some areas, diversions are needed to intercept runoff water from nearby slopes. The seasonal high water table and slow permeability interfere with the operation of septic tank absorption fields. Subsurface drains can be used to lower the water table in areas to be used as absorption fields if an adequate outlet is available. Absorption fields should be large because of the slow permeability of the soil. BoB Blount, 2 to 4 percent slopes. This gently sloping, very deep somewhat poorly drained soil is on uplands in the western part of the county. It formed in high lime clay loam or silty clay loam glacial till. Moderately well drained Glynwood soils are included on the higher part of the landscape. Also included are small areas of the dark colored very poorly drained Pewamo soils on the lowest part of the landscape. Permeability is slow or moderately slow and the available water capacity is moderate. The root zone is moderately deep, and surface runoff is low or medium. This soil is considerably wetter than optimum for building site development. The water table is within 12 inches of the surface for extended periods in the winter and spring. Footer drains are needed to keep water away from basement walls. Higher and more convex parts of the landscape should be favored, and distinct depressions avoided, when selecting a building site. The seasonal high water table and slow permeability interfere with the operation of septic tank absorption fields. Subsurface (curtain) drains can be used to lower the water table in areas to be used as absorption fields if and Page 3 of 29 Symbols: BoA - BoB

4 adequate outlet is available. Absorption fields should be large because of the slow permeability of the soil. CaB Cardington silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes. This gently sloping, very deep moderately well drained soil is on uplands in the eastern part of the county between Alum Creek and Big Walnut Creek. It formed in medium lime silty clay loam and clay loam glacial till. Included with this soil are small areas of somewhat poorly drained Bennington soils on the lower part of the landscape. Also included are the dark colored very poorly drained Pewamo soils in depressions. Permeability is moderately slow or slow and surface runoff is medium. The root zone is deep and the available water capacity is moderate. The gentle slope of this soil is favorable for building site development, but seasonal wetness is a problem. The water table is within 24 inches of the surface in the winter and early spring. Footer drains are needed to keep water away from basement walls. The higher more convex parts of the landscape should be favored in site selection. The seasonal high water table and moderately slow or slow permeability interfere with the operation of septic tank absorption fields. Subsurface (curtain) drains can be used to lower the water table in areas to be used as absorption fields if an adequate outlet is available. Absorption fields should be large because of the moderately slow or slow permeability of the soil. CaC2 Cardington silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded. This strongly sloping, very deep moderately well drained soil is on short hillsides mainly in the eastern part of the county between Alum Creek and Big Walnut Creek, along small natural drainage courses. It formed in medium lime silty clay loam or clay loam glacial till. Erosion has removed part of the original surface layer. The present surface layer is a mixture of the remaining original surface layer and subsoil. Included with this soil are well-drained Amanda soils on steeper parts of slopes. Also included are small areas of somewhat poorly drained Bennington soils in natural drainage ways. Permeability is moderately slow or slow and surface runoff is rapid. The root zone is deep and the available water capacity is moderate. Areas of this soil that are exposed during building site development should be reseeded as soon as possible to prevent erosion. Wetness problems can be minimized by avoiding distinctly concave areas and seep spots in selecting sites for buildings and absorption fields. The water table is within 24 inches of the surface in the winter and early spring. Footer drains are needed to keep water away from basement walls. Page 4 of 29 Symbols: CaB - CaC2

5 The seasonal high water table and moderately slow or slow permeability interfere with the operation of septic tank absorption fields. Subsurface (curtain) drains can be used to lower the water table in areas to be used as absorption fields if an adequate outlet is available. Absorption fields should be large because of the moderately slow or slow permeability of the soil. Laying the distribution lines on the contour across the slope will minimize downslope seepage of effluent. CeB Centerburg silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes. This gently sloping, very deep moderately well drained soil is on uplands in the eastern part of the county east of Big Walnut Creek. It formed in medium lime glacial till. Included with this soil are small areas of the somewhat poorly drained Bennington soils on the lower part of the landscape. Also included are the dark colored very poorly drained Pewamo soils in depressions. Permeability is moderately slow and surface runoff is low or medium. The root zone is deep and the available water capacity is moderate. The gentle slope of this soil is favorable for building site development, but seasonal wetness is a problem. The water table is within 24 inches of the surface in the winter and early spring. Footer drains are needed to keep water away from basement walls. The higher and more convex parts of the landscape should be favored in site selection. The seasonal high water table and moderately slow permeability interfere with the operation of septic tank absorption fields. Subsurface (curtain) drains can be used to lower the water table in areas to be used as absorption fields. Absorption fields should be large because of the moderately slow permeability of the soil. CeC2 Centerburg silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes. This strongly sloping, very deep moderately well drained soil is on short hillsides mainly along small natural drainage courses in the eastern part of the county east of Big Walnut Creek. It formed in medium lime loam glacial till. Erosion has removed part of the original surface layer. The present surface layer is a mixture of the remaining original surface layer and subsoil. Included with this soil are small areas of the welldrained Amanda soils on steeper parts of the slopes. Also included are the somewhat poorly drained Bennington soils in natural drainage ways. Permeability is moderately slow and surface runoff is medium. The available water capacity is moderate and the root zone is deep. Areas of this soil that are exposed during building site development should be reseeded as soon as possible to prevent erosion losses and gullying. The water table is within 24 inches of the surface in the winter and early spring. Footer drains are needed to keep the water away from basement walls. Wetness problems can be minimized by Page 5 of 29 Symbols: CeB - CeC2

6 avoiding concave areas and seep spots in selecting sites for buildings and septic tank absorption fields. The seasonal high water table and moderately slow permeability interfere with the operation of septic tank absorption fields. Subsurface (curtain) drains can be used to lower the water table in areas to be used as absorption fields. Absorption fields should be large because of the moderately slow permeability of the soil. Laying the distribution lines across the slope will minimize downslope seepage of effluent. CnA Condit silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This nearly level, very deep, very poorly drained soil is on upland flats and depressions. It formed in clay loam and loam glacial till. Included with this soil are small areas of the somewhat poorly drained Bennington soils around the edge. Also included are the dark colored very poorly drained Pewamo soils in some depressions. Permeability is slow. Surface runoff is negligible or low. Most areas are in the lowest part of the landscape and receive runoff and seepage from higher areas nearby. These areas pond after heavy rains. Available water capacity is moderate. Root zone depth is limited by the water table, which may be very deep in late summer and fall. This soil is poorly suited to building site development and generally unsuited to septic tank absorption fields. The water table is within 12 inches of the surface for extended periods in the winter and spring, and some areas are ponded during wet periods. Footer drains are needed to keep water away from basement walls. Corrective measures commonly are complex and costly. Areas of this soil should be avoided when selecting sites for buildings and absorption fields. EdA Edwards muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes. This nearly level, very dark colored, very poorly drained soil is present in closed depressions on outwash plains. In these depressions, the remains of plants have partially decayed to form muck. The muck is underlain by white marl (remains of shells) at about 19 inches. Some of the depressions are small, but one southwest of Radnor is about 40 acres. This is the only organic (muck) soil mapped in the county. Included with this soil around the edges is the dark colored, very poorly drained Pewamo soil and the dark colored deep somewhat poorly drained Stone soil. Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in the muck and moderately slow or slow in the marl. Surface runoff is negligible. The available water capacity is moderate. The root zone is determined by the level of the water table. Page 6 of 29 Symbols: CnA - EdA

7 The extreme natural wetness and the unstable nature of the organic surface deposits make areas of this soil generally unsuited to building site development and septic tank absorption fields. Corrective measures commonly are not economically feasible. The water table is within 12 inches of the surface for extended periods and some areas are ponded during the wet periods. GaC2 Gallman loam, loamy substratum, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded. This strongly sloping, very deep, well-drained soil is mostly on outwash terraces along the sides of stream valleys. Most areas are less than 10 acres in size. The soil formed in loamy glacial outwash with a high content of black shale. Erosion has removed part of the original surface layer. The present surface layer is a mixture of the remaining original surface layer and subsoil. Included with this soil are small areas of Amanda soils on steeper parts of slopes. Permeability is moderately rapid in the subsoil and moderately rapid to very rapid in the substratum. Surface runoff is medium. Available water capacity is low and the root zone is deep. The good natural drainage of this soil is favorable for building site development. Exposed areas need to be re-seeded as soon as possible to reduce erosion losses and gulling. The good drainage and moderate permeability are favorable for the operation of septic tank absorption fields. Downslope seepage of effluent can be minimized by laying the distribution lines across the slopes. Pollution of ground water is possible if effluent seeps into the underlying sand and gravel. GbA Gallman silt loam, loamy substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This nearly level, very deep, well-drained soil is on outwash terraces. It formed in loamy glacial outwash with a high content of black shale. Included with this soil are small areas of the moderately deep, very steep Heveric soils along Alum Creek north of Kilbourne and the dark colored very poorly drained Milgrove soils in depressions. Permeability is moderately rapid. Surface runoff is very low or low. The available water capacity is moderate and the root zone is deep or very deep. The nearly level slopes and good natural drainage of this soil are favorable for building site development and septic tank absorption fields. There is a danger of groundwater pollution if septic tank effluent enters the underlying rapidly permeable sand and gravel. This is a very good agricultural soil that is also well suited to many non-farm uses. Its future use should be carefully planned. Page 7 of 29 Symbols: GaC2 - GbA

8 GbB Gallman silt loam, loamy substratum, 2 to 6 percent slopes. This gently sloping very deep well-drained soil is on outwash terraces. It formed in loamy glacial outwash with a high content of black shale. Included with this soil are small areas of the moderately deep, very steep Heveric soils along Alum Creek north of Kilbourne and the dark colored, very poorly drained Milgrove soils in depressions. Permeability is moderately rapid. Surface runoff is low. The available water capacity is moderate and the root zone is deep or very deep. The gentle slope and good natural drainage of this soil are favorable for building site development and septic tank absorption fields. There is a danger of groundwater pollution if septic tank effluent enters the underlying rapidly permeable sand and gravel. This is a very good agricultural soil that is also well suited to many non-farm land uses. Its future use should be carefully planned. GcB Gallman silt loam, till substratum 2 to 6 percent slopes This gently sloping very deep well-drained soil is on outwash terraces. It formed in 60 to 80 inches of loamy glacial outwash with a high content of black shale over loam or clay loam glacial till. Included with this soil are small areas of dark colored moderately well drained Pacer soils in depressions. Permeability is moderately rapid in the subsoil and moderately slow or slow in the substratum. Surface runoff is low. The available water capacity is moderate and the root zone is deep or very deep. This gentle slopes and good natural drainage of this soil are favorable for building site development and septic tank absorption fields. During very wet periods water can move laterally along the top of the till substratum and cause pressure against basement walls. Footer drains are needed to keep water away from basement walls. GwB Glynwood silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes This gently sloping, very deep moderately well drained soil is on uplands in the western part of the county. It formed in high lime silty clay loam or clay loam glacial till. Included with this soil are small areas of the somewhat poorly drained Blount soils, on the lower part of the landscape and the dark colored very poorly drained Pewamo soils in deep depressions. Permeability is slow and surface runoff is low or medium. Available water capacity is moderate and the root zone is moderately deep. Page 8 of 29 Symbols: GbB - GwB

9 The gentle slope of this soil is favorable for building site development, but seasonal wetness is a problem. The water table is within 24 inches of the surface in the winter and early spring. Footer drains are needed to keep water away from basement walls. Wetness problems commonly are the least severe on the higher and more convex parts of the landscape. The seasonal high water table and slow permeability interfere with the operation of septic tank absorption fields. Subsurface (curtain) drains can be used to lower the water table in areas to be used as absorption fields if an adequate outlet is available. Absorption fields should be large because of the slow permeability of the soil. GwC2 Glynwood silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded This strongly sloping, very deep moderately well drained soil is on short slopes adjacent to drainage courses in the western part of the county. It formed in high lime clay loam and silty clay loam glacial till. Erosion has removed a significant part of the original surface layer. The present surface layer is a mixture of the original surface layer and subsoil. Included with this soil are small areas of somewhat poorly drained Blount soils on the lower part of the landscape. Also included are dark colored, very poorly drained Pewamo soils along drainage courses that are sometimes covered with several inches of light colored sediment. Permeability is slow and surface runoff is medium or high. The available water capacity is low or moderate and the root zone is moderately deep. Areas of this soil that are exposed during building site development should be reseeded as soon as possible to prevent erosion losses and gully development. The water table is within 24 inches of the surface in the winter and early spring. Footer drains are needed to keep water away from basement walls. Distinctly concave areas and natural drainage ways should be avoided in selecting sites for building and absorption fields. The seasonal high water table and slow permeability interfere with the operation of septic tank absorption fields. Subsurface (curtain) drains can be used to lower the water table in areas to be used as absorption fields if adequate outlet is available. Absorption fields should be large because of the slow permeability of the soil. Laying the distribution lines across the slope will minimize downslope seepage of effluent. GzC3 Glynwood silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded. These strongly sloping, very deep moderately well drained soils are on hillsides and side slopes of small natural drainage ways in the western part of the county. They formed in high lime clay loam and silty clay loam glacial till. Erosion has removed most of the original silt loam surface layer. The present surface layer is mostly silty clay loam subsoil. Shallow gullies are present in some areas. Included are some small protected areas that have a silt loam surface layer. Also included are somewhat poorly drained Blount soils on the lower part of the landscape and dark colored very poorly drained Pewamo soils along drainage ways that are covered with 10 to 20 inches of light colored sediment. Page 9 of 29 Symbols: GwC2 - GzC3

10 Permeability is slow and surface runoff is high. The available water capacity is low or moderate and the root zone is moderately deep. Areas of these soils that are exposed during building site development should be reseeded as soon as possible to prevent erosion losses and gully development. Mulching will aid in seeding establishment on the eroded surface. The water table is within 24 inches of the surface in the winter and early spring. Footer drains are needed to keep water away from basement walls. Distinctly concave areas and deep spots should be avoided in selecting sites for buildings and absorption fields. The seasonal high water table and slow permeability interfere with the operation of septic tank absorption fields. Subsurface (curtain) drains can be used to lower the water table in areas to be used as absorption files if an adequate outlet is available. Absorption fields should be large because of the slow permeability of the soil. Laying the distribution lines across slope will minimize downslope seepage of effluent. HeF Heveric silt loam, 25 to 70 percent slopes. This very steep, moderately deep, well-drained soil is mainly on the east side of the Olentangy River south of Delaware and on the east side of Alum Creek north of Kilbourne. It formed in loamy glacial outwash over residue weathered from black Ohio shale. Included with this soil are areas of well-drained Gallman soil and moderately well drained Latham soil on shoulders. Also included are small areas of well-drained Breckville soils on back slopes near shale bedrock outcrops. Permeability is moderately slow and surface runoff is high. The available water capacity is low and the root zone is moderately deep. Areas of this soil are generally unsuited to building site development and septic tank absorption fields because of the very steep slopes. Excavation for such facilities, commonly is not practical on slopes this steep. HyA Hyatts silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. These nearly level deep, somewhat poorly drained soil is on upland flats east of Hoover Reservoir in the southwestern part of the county. It formed in 36 to 48 inches of medium lime clay loam glacial till over clay residuum from shale bedrock. Included with this soil are small areas of moderately well drained, moderately deep Rarden soils near steeper lower slopes. Permeability is slow and surface runoff is low. The available water capacity is moderate and the root zone is deep. Seasonal wetness is a severe limitation for building site development on this soil. The water table is within 12 inches of the surface for extended periods in the winter and Page 10 of 29 Symbols: HeF - HyA

11 spring. Footer drains are needed to keep water away from basement walls. In most places, the shale bedrock at 40 to 60 inches is soft enough to be excavated with normal sized equipment. The seasonal high water table, the bedrock, and the slow permeability interfere with the operation of septic tank absorption fields if an adequate outlet is available. Absorption fields should be large because of the slow permeability of the soil. The distribution lines should be as shallow as possible because of the bedrock. An on-site investigation is required to determine if an alternate system is needed. HyB Hyatts silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes. These gently sloping, deep somewhat poorly drained soil is on upland slopes east of Hoover Reservoir in the southeastern part of the county. It formed in 36 to 48 inches of medium lime glacial till over residuum from shale bedrock. Included with this soil are small areas of moderately well drained, moderately deep Rarden soils near steeper, lower slopes. Permeability is slow and surface runoff is low or medium. The available water capacity is moderate and the root zone is deep. Seasonal wetness of this soil limits the suitability for building site development on this soil. The water table is within 12 inches of the surface in the winter and spring. Footer drains are needed to keep water away from basement walls. Lots should be graded such that surface water flows away from the foundation. In some areas, diversions are needed to intercept runoff water from nearby slopes. The seasonal high water table, the depth to bedrock, and the slow permeability interfere with the operation of septic tank absorption fields. Subsurface (curtain) drains can be used as absorption fields if an adequate outlet is available. Absorption fields should be large because of the slow permeability of the soil. The distribution lines should be as shallow as possible because of the bedrock. An on-site investigation is required to determine if an alternate system is needed. JmA Jimtown silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This nearly level, very deep somewhat poorly drained soil is on outwash terraces along streams. It commonly is low in the landscape, but is above the normal level of flooding. It formed in loamy outwash with a high content of black shale. Included with this soil are small areas of the dark colored very poorly drained Millgrove soils in depressions. Permeability is moderate. Surface runoff is very low or low. The available water capacity is moderate. The root zone is limited only by the water table which may be very deep in late summer and fall. The seasonally high water table in this soil limits its use for building sites and septic tank absorption fields. The water table is within 18 inches of the surface for extended periods in the winter and spring. Footer drains are needed to keep water away from Page 11 of 29 Symbols: HyB - JmA

12 basement walls. Diversions may be needed to exclude surface water from nearby slopes. Subsurface (curtain) drains can be used to lower the water table in areas to be used as absorption fields if an adequate outlet is available. LbF Latham-Brecksville complex, 25 to 70 percent slopes. These very steep, moderately deep, moderately well drained and well-drained soils are mainly on the east side of Alum Creek south of Kilbourne. They formed in residuum from Black Ohio shale. Latham soils are on the upper part of the slope and Brecksville soils are on the middle to lower part of the slope near shale bedrock outcrops. These soils occur so closely together that they cannot be mapped separately on these very steep narrow slopes. Included with these soils are very small areas of very deep, well drained Amanda soils and very deep moderately well drained Cardington soils on the upper part of the slopes. Also included are small areas of well drained, moderately deep Loudonville soils near Hoover Reservoir. Permeability is slow. Surface runoff is high. The available water capacity is low and the root zone is moderately deep. Areas of this soil are generally unsuited to building site development and septic tank absorption fields because of very steep slopes. Excavation for such facilities commonly is not practical on slopes this steep. LeE Leoni gravelly loam, 12 to 25 percent slopes. This moderately steep and steep, very deep well-drained soil is on short slopes on kames and eskers near Radnor. It formed in loamy outwash over calcareous sand and gravel. Included with this soil are small areas of very deep well-drained strongly sloping Scioto soils on Summits. Permeability is moderate in the subsoil and moderately rapid or rapid in the substratum. Surface runoff is medium. The available water capacity is very low or low. The root zone is deep. Areas with slopes of 12 to 18 percent are poorly suited to building sites and septic tank absorption fields. Areas with slopes of 18 to 25 percent slopes are generally unsuited. Considerable excavation is required to develop a conventional building site on these soils. Such excavation would expose sandy and gravely layers that would be difficult to re-vegetate. Sites for bank-type buildings require less excavation, and the good natural drainage is favorable for such structures. Slopes are too steep for septic tank absorption fields. Effluent is likely to enter the porous sandy and gravelly layers below the subsoil. Here it can travel a considerable distance and pollute groundwater Page 12 of 29 Symbols: LbF - LeE

13 supplies, or emerge as a seep spot lower on the slope. Consult Delaware County Health Department for regulations regarding slope and size of field. LoA Lobdell silt loam, channery substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded. This nearly level, very deep moderately well drained soil is on flood plains. It formed in recent alluvium. Included with this soil are small areas of dark colored, well-drained Rossburg soils on higher parts of the flood plain. Also included is dark colored very poorly drained Sloan soils in old stream channels. Permeability is moderate and surface runoff is negligible. The available water capacity is high and the root zone is deep. The flooding hazard on this soil makes it generally unsuited for building site development and septic tank absorption fields. Even rare or brief flooding can cause extensive damage. The extent of such damage depends on the frequency and duration of flooding at a given site. LsA Lobdell, channery substratum, Sloan till substratum complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded. These nearly level, very deep, moderately well drained and very poorly drained soils are on flood plains mostly in the eastern part of the county. They formed in recent alluvium. Lobdell soils are on the highest part of the flood plan nearest the stream. Sloan soils are on the lowest part of the flood plain and in old stream channels. These soils occur so closely together that they cannot be mapped separately on these narrow flood plains. Included with these soils are small areas of somewhat poorly drained Jimtown soils that do not flood. Also included are dark colored well-drained Rossburg soils on the highest parts of the flood plains near some streams. Permeability is moderate for the Lobdell soil and moderate or moderately slow for the Sloan soil. Surface runoff is negligible. The available water capacity is high. The root zone is very deep for the Lobdell soil and deep for the Sloan soil. The flooding hazard on this soil makes it generally unsuited for building site development and septic tank absorption fields. Even rare or brief flooding can cause extensive damage. The extent of such damage depends on the frequency and duration of flooding at a given site. LvB Loudonville silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes. This gently sloping, moderately deep, well-drained soil is on uplands near Hoover Reservoir in the eastern part of the county. It formed in 20 to 40 inches of glacial till Page 13 of 29 Symbols: LoA - LvB

14 over sandstone bedrock. Included with this soil are small areas of somewhat poorly drained Smothers soils on the lower part of the landscape. Permeability is moderate and subsurface runoff is low or medium. The available water capacity is low and the root zone is moderately deep. The gentle slopes and good natural drainage of this soil are favorable for building site development. Sandstone at 20 to 40 inches interferes with excavation for basements and utility lines. It also interferes with the installation and operation of septic tank absorption fields. In the shallower areas, there is not enough soil above the rock to adequately filter the effluent. Effluent that enters cracks and in the underlying rock can seep for considerable distances and pollute groundwater supplies. An on-site investigation is required to determine if an alternate system is needed. LyD2 Lybrand silt loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes, eroded. This moderately steep, very deep well-drained soil is on side slopes of stream valleys in the western part of the county. It formed in high lime silty clay loam and clay loam glacial till. Erosion has removed part of the original surface layer, and the present surface layer is a mixture of the remaining original surface layer and subsoil. Included with this soil are small areas of moderately deep Milton soils along the Scioto River. Permeability is moderately slow or slow and the root zone is moderately deep or deep. The available water capacity is moderate and surface runoff is medium. Considerable excavation commonly is needed to develop a conventional building site on the moderately steep slopes. Scalped areas erode very rapidly and should be reseeded as soon as possible to prevent severe erosion losses. Sites for bank type structures commonly require less excavation. Distinctly concave areas and steep spots should be avoided when selecting sites for buildings or septic tank absorption fields. Absorption fields should be large because of the slow permeability of the soil. Downslope seepage of effluent is likely. Consult Delaware County Health Department for regulation regarding slope and size of field. LyE2 Lybrand silt loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes. This steep, very deep well-drained soil is present on side slopes of stream valleys in the western part of the county. It formed in high lime clay loam and silty clay loam glacial till. Erosion has removed part of the original surface layer. The present surface layer is a mixture of the remaining original surface layer and subsoil. Permeability is moderately slow or slow and surface runoff is high. The root zone is deep or moderately deep and the available water capacity is moderate. Page 14 of 29 Symbols: LyD2 - LyE2

15 Areas of this soil are poorly suited to building site development. Considerable excavation is needed to develop a building site. Scalped areas erode very rapidly. Areas of this soil are generally unsuited to septic tank absorption fields because of downslope seepage of effluent. LzD3 Lybrand silty silt loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes, severely eroded. This moderately steep, very deep well-drained soil is on side slopes of stream valleys in the western part of the county. It formed in high lime clay loam and silty clay loam glacial till. Erosion has removed most of the original silt loam surface layer. The present thin surface layer is mostly silty clay loam subsoil. Shallow gullies are present in some areas. Included are some small protected areas that have a silt loam surface layer. Permeability is moderately slow or slow and the root zone is moderately deep. Surface runoff is medium or high and the available water capacity is low or moderate. Considerable excavation commonly is needed to develop a conventional building site on the moderately steep slopes. Scalped areas erode very rapidly and need to be reseeded as soon as possible to prevent erosion losses and gully development. Mulching will aid seeding establishment on the eroded surface. Special bank type structures commonly require less excavation. Distinctly concave areas and seep spots should be avoided in selecting sites for building or septic tank absorption fields. Absorption fields should be large because of the slow permeability of the soil. Consult Delaware County Health Department for regulations regarding slope and size of field. MaB Martinsville loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes. This gently sloping very deep well-drained soil is present on outwash terraces and less often on uplands in the northwestern part of the county. It formed in loamy glacial outwash. Permeability is moderate. Surface runoff is low and the root zone is very deep. The available water capacity is high. The gentle slopes and good natural drainage of this soil are favorable for building site development and septic tank absorption fields. There is a danger of groundwater pollution if septic tank effluent enters the underlying rapidly permeable sand and gravel. This is a very good agricultural soil that is also well suited to many non-farm land uses. Its future should be carefully planned. Page 15 of 29 Symbols: LzD3 - MbB

16 MbB Martinsville loam, till substratum, 2 to 6 percent slopes. This gently sloping, very deep, well-drained soil is present on outwash terraces in the western part of the county. It formed in inches of loamy glacial outwash over clay loam or loam glacial till. Included with this soil are small areas of moderately well drained Glynwood soils adjacent to uplands. Permeability is moderate. Surface runoff is low and the root zone is deep or very deep. The available water capacity is high. The gentle slopes and good natural drainage of this soil are favorable for building site development and septic tank absorption fields. During very wet periods water can move laterally along the top of the till substratum and cause pressure against basement walls. Footer drains are needed to keep water away from basement walls. Permeability is adequate for absorption fields in the upper part of the soil, but is slower than optimum in the till substratum. Large absorption fields with the distribution lines as shallow as possible can be expected to operate successfully. McD2 Mentor silt loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes, eroded. This moderately steep, very deep, well-drained soil is on kames, east of South Condit. It formed in silty deposits. Erosion has removed part of the original remaining surface layer. The present surface layer is a mixture of the original surface layer and subsoil. Included in mapping are small areas of the moderately well drained Centerburg soils on summits. Permeability is moderate. Surface runoff is medium. The available water capacity is high and the root zone is deep or very deep. The good natural drainage is favorable for building site development. Considerable excavation commonly is needed to create a conventional building site. Scalped areas erode very rapidly and need to be re-seeded as soon as possible to prevent serious losses. Special bank type structures commonly require less excavation. Downslope seepage of effluent is likely. Consult Delaware County Health Department for regulations regarding slope and size of field. MfA Milgrove silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This nearly level, very deep, dark colored very poorly drained soil is on depressional areas of outwash terraces along streams in the eastern part of the county. It formed in loamy glacial outwash with a high content of black shale gravel in the substratum. Included with this soil are small areas of lighter colored somewhat poorly drained Jimtown soils on slightly higher areas. Page 16 of 29 Symbols: MbB - MfA

17 Permeability is moderate. Surface runoff is very low or low. Some areas are occasionally ponded. The available water capacity is high and root depth is limited only by the water table, but may be deep in late summer and fall. Seasonal wetness limits the use of this soil for building site development and septic tank absorption fields. The water table is within 12 inches of the surface for extended periods in the winter and spring, and some areas are ponded during wet periods. Adequate corrective measures commonly are too complex and costly to be practical. Areas of this soil should be avoided when selecting sites for buildings and absorption fields. MgA Milgrove silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This nearly level, very deep, dark colored very poorly drained soil is on depressional areas of outwash terraces along streams in the western part of the county. It formed in loamy glacial outwash with a high content of limestone cobbles on the substratum. Included with this soil are small areas of dark colored very poorly drained Pewamo soils near uplands. Also included in a few areas near Radnor are small areas of dark colored deep, somewhat poorly drained Stone soils on slightly higher areas. Permeability is moderate. Surface runoff is very low or low. Some areas are occasionally ponded. The available water capacity is high and root depth is limited only by the water table, which may be deep in late summer and fall. The flooding hazard on this soil makes it generally unsuited for building site development. Even rare or brief flooding can cause extensive damage. The extent of such damage depends on the frequency and duration of flooding at a given site. Seasonal wetness limits the use of this soil for building site development and septic tank absorption fields. The water table is within 12 inches of the surface for extended periods in the winter and spring, and some areas are ponded during wet periods. Adequate corrective measures commonly are too complex and costly to be practical. Areas of this soil should be avoided when selecting sites for buildings and absorption fields. MhA Milgrove silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded. This nearly level, very deep, dark colored very poorly drained soil is on depressional areas of outwash terraces along streams that show evidence of rarely flooding outside of the adjacent flood plain. Permeability is moderate. Surface runoff is very low or low. Some areas are occasionally ponded. The available water capacity is high and root depth is limited only by the water table, which may be deep in late summer and fall. The flooding hazard on this soil makes it generally unsuited for building site development. Even rare or brief flooding can cause extensive damage. The extent of Page 17 of 29 Symbols: MgA - MhA

18 such damage depends on the frequency and duration of flooding at a give site. Seasonal wetness limits the use of this soil for building site development and septic tank absorption fields. The water table is within 12 inches of the surface for extended periods in the winter and spring and some areas are ponded during wet periods. Adequate corrective measures commonly are too complex and costly to be practical. Areas of this soil should be avoided when selecting sites for buildings and absorption fields. MoB Milton silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes. This gently sloping, moderately deep, well-drained soil is on uplands in the western part of the county. It formed in 20 to 40 inches of high lime clay loam and silty clay loam glacial till over limestone bedrock. Included with this soil are small areas of very deep moderately well drained Glynwood soils on higher parts of the landscape. Permeability is moderately slow or moderate. Available water capacity is low. The root zone is moderately deep and surface runoff is low. The good natural drainage and gentle slope of this soil are favorable for building site development. Limestone bedrock at 20 to 40 inches interferes with excavation for basements and utility lines. It also interferes with the installation and operation of septic tank absorption fields. Effluent that seeps into cracks in the bedrock can cause pollution of groundwater supplies. And on-site investigation is required to determine if an alternate system is needed. MoC2 Milton silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded. This strongly sloping, moderately deep, well-drained soil is on side slops adjacent to drainage courses. It formed in 20 to 40 inches of high lime clay loam and silty clay loam glacial till over limestone bedrock. Erosion has removed part of the original surface layer and the present surface layer is a mixture of the remaining original surface layer and subsoil. Included with this soil are small areas of very deep moderately well drained Glynwood soils on higher parts of the landscape. Permeability is moderately slow or moderate. Surface runoff is medium. The root zone is moderately deep and the available water capacity is low. The good natural drainage of this soil is favorable for building site development. Limestone bedrock at 20 to 40 inches interferes with excavations for basement and utility lines. Areas scalped during construction should be re-seeded as soon as possible to prevent severe erosion losses and gullying. The bedrock also interferes with the installation of septic tank absorption fields. In most areas, there is not enough soil above the bedrock to properly filter septic tank effluent. Effluent that enters cracks in the bedrock can travel considerable distance and contaminate water supplies. Laying Page 18 of 29 Symbols: MoB - MoC2

19 the distribution lines across the slope will minimize downslope seepage of effluent. An on-site investigation is required to determine if an alternate system is needed. MpD2 Milton-Lybrand complex, 12 to 18 percent slopes, eroded. These moderately steep, moderately deep and very deep well-drained soils are on hillsides adjacent to drainage courses and stream valleys in the western part of the county. Milton soils formed in 20 to 40 inches of high lime clay loam and silty clay loam glacial till over limestone bedrock outcrops. Lybrand soils formed in high lime clay loam and silty clay loam glacial till on the lower part of the slope. These soils occur so closely together that they cannot be mapped separately on these narrow slopes. Included with these soils are small areas of moderately well drained Glynwood soils in concave wetter areas at the base of some slopes. Erosion has removed part of the original surface layer, and the present surface layer is a mixture of the original surface layer and subsoil. Permeability is moderate or moderately slow for the Milton soil and moderately slow or slow for the Lybrand soil. Surface runoff is medium for both soils. The root zone is moderately deep for the Milton soil and is moderately deep or deep for the Lybrand soil. Available water capacity is low for the Milton soil and moderate for the Lybrand soil. Considerable excavation commonly is needed to develop a building site on slopes this steep. Limestone at 20 to 40 inches interferes with such excavation. Scalped areas erode very rapidly and should be re-seeded as soon as possible. The bedrock also interferes with the installation and operation of septic tank absorption fields. In most areas, there is not enough soil above the bedrock to properly filter septic tank effluent. Effluent is likely to seep downslope along the top of the bedrock until it either enters a crack in the bedrock. Effluent that enters the bedrock can travel considerable distances and contaminate water supplies. Consult Delaware County Health Department for regulations regarding slope and size of field. An on-site investigation is required to determine if an alternate system is needed. PaA Pacer silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This nearly level, very deep, dark colored moderately well drained soil is on terraces along streams north of Delaware. It formed in 40 to 60 inches of loamy outwash with a high content of black shale over silt loam glacial till. Included with this soil are small areas of the dark colored very poorly drained Milgrove soils in depressions. Also included are small areas of the lighter colored well-drained Gallman soils on higher parts of the landscape. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the subsoil and moderately slow or slow in the lower part and in the substratum. Surface runoff is low or very low. The available water capacity is moderate and the root zone is deep. The nearly level slope of this soil is favorable for building site development and septic tank absorption fields. The water table is within 42 inches of the surface for extended Page 19 of 29 Symbols: MpD2 - PaA