Indonesia Green Chiller Project. Dietram Oppelt Heat GmbH May 2015

Transcription

1 Indonesia Green Chiller Project Dietram Oppelt Heat GmbH May 215

2 Agenda GreenChillers and their technical & economic advantages EE: Policy measures, standards and incentives Refrigerants: Policy measures & standards Inventory as the first step towards a GreenChiller/ RAC NAMA 2

3 Today s Situation: The market faces a critical choice R22 R41A? 3

4 the opportunity to leapfrog to GreenRAC Appliances with natural refrigerants with same or better energy efficiencies

5 The options for GreenRAC Hydrocarbons (HC) Ammonia NH3 R717 CO2 R744 Propane R29 Propene R127 Isobutane R6a

6 The advantages using GreenRAC Improved Energy Efficiency Less harmful natural refrigerants

7 Lower energy consumption R22 R41A R29

8 Lower energy consumption using HC for AC Park et al, 27 Wu et al, 212 Xu et al, 211 Chen et al, 212 Park et al, 29 Devotta et al, 25 Park et al, 21 Zhou & Zhang, 21 Chinnaraj et al, 21 Yan, 1999 Xiao et al, 29 Park and Jung, 28 Zhang et al, 22 Xiao et al, 26 Teng et al, 212 Padalkar et al, 21 Jin et al, 212 Lin et al, 21 Li et al, 21 Liu, 27 Wang et al, 24 COP improvementover R22 [%] Summary of efficiency benefits of R-29 & R- 127 over R-22 in window and split RACs Implies major advantages in for cost-efficient, compact design

9 Benefits of natural refrigerants Replacement to R22 Good energy performance Low GWP No persistant waste Low costs Can be produced locally 9

10 Benefits of hydrocarbon refrigerants Refrigerant Molecular GWP ODP R29 C 3 H R32 CH 2 F 2 58 R41A R32/R R22 CHF 2 Cl R41A R22 R32 R6a R29 1

11 Hydrocarbons: cheaper and less charge R41A R

12 How is the availability of Green AC and the potential for their application in Indonesia? 12

13 Potential penetration of alternatives Viable currently/in short-term Viable if obstructive standards are remedied f n system and application characteristics Not viable due to cost, safety or performance limitations (Often, gap can be closed if alternatives system concepts are used, e.g., chiller instead of piped refrigerant) NOTE: Viability proportions are approximate; they will always be subject to engineering interpretation

14 Small hermetic systems HCs

15 Small split systems HCs

16 Multi-split systems CO 2

17 Ducted systems HCs CO 2

18 Chiller systems with natural refrigerants HCs CO 2 NH 3

19 The options for GreenChillers Hydrocarbons (HC) Ammonia NH3 R717 CO2 R744 Unexplored potential Used for industrial processes Useful for high ambient temperatures?

20 HC refrigerants with similar refrigeration properties to R22 R29 Propane R127 Propene ODP.55 GWP Normal boiling point C Critical temperature Refrigeration effect kj/m Displacement (rel. R22) 12% 99% Discharge temperature Lower flam limit g/m Odour None Olefin smell none R22 2

21 Potential focus market (smaller chillers & air cooled) 21

22 Proposal for next steps Topic Select one focus sector for demonstration sectors Options HC chillers (Ammonia already established/ CO2 less favorable for high ambient temperatures) Focus on chiller target size ~ 3-15 kw Selection of pilots Working group / agree on criteria Call for proposals 22

23 Agenda GreenChillers and their technical & economic advantages EE: Policy measures, standards and incentives Refrigerants: Policy measures & standards Inventory as the first step towards a GreenChiller/ RAC NAMA 23

24 Policy measures, standards and incentives Energy Efficiency MEPS Labels +TopRunner Refrigerants Phase down Bans (DomRef, Movables, Splits, High GWP) Taxes + Rebates 24

25 UAC: Unexplointed energy efficieny potential Current technology only uses a fraction of the technological energy efficiency potential In all countries the available technology does not utilize the economic potential Average SEER, Economic and Technical potential in selected countries. Source: SEAD,

26 With HC Chillers EERs > 3-4 possible 26

27 Messures to improve the chiller EER Cycle improvements Measure Inverter/variable Speed (flow) compressor/ fans Heat exchanger Part load (system) controls Improvement COP > 3% Change in use Good practice maintenance > 3% (biois,211) Change of refrigerants i.e. HC for high ambient temp 1-15% (Pedersen, 212) 27

28 Policy measures to drive energy efficiency for chillers EE Labelling Increased end user awareness Encourage industry to invest in EE Top Runner Labelling Top label becomes MEPS. & qualifies for incentives MEPS/ Building Codes Mandatory Integrate in building codes: HVAC energy consumpti on per m2 28

29 Asia: China - good practice policy example Energy efficiency label starting from 215 for selected HVAC equipments Top Runner label to be reviewed twice a year 29

30 Example: MEPS for chillers in Jordan Chiller type COP IPLV Air-cooled chiller Water Cooled, (Reciprocating) Water Cooled, (Rotary Screw and Scroll) Air Cooled Absorption Single Effect.48.6 Water Cooled Absorption Single Effect.6.7 Absorption Double Effect

31 EE incentives good practice programmes example Germany Programme Incentive Criteria Chiller audit 75% of the audit report costs Energy consumption > 15. KWh p.a. Chiller consumes > 5% of the building s energy consumption Chiller - upfront investment grant New chiler with nonconventional power sources 15% of net investment 25% of net investment 25% of net investment (with energy reduction by 35%) 35% of net investment (with energy reduction of 35% and usage of natural refrigerants) with energy reduction by 35% with energy reduction of 35% and usage of natural refrigerants Chiller powered by alternative (non-fossil) energy sources (including thermal solar) 31

32 EE incentives good practice programmes example United Kingdom Programme Incentive Criteria Capital profit tax programme enhanced capital allowance which permits a 1% first year capital allowance as tax offset to corporate profits. CE marking Minimum cooling Energy Efficiency Rating (EER) for air cooled packaged chillers that provide cooling only of at least (from 1 kw to 1,5 kw cooling capacity) 32

33 Proposal for next steps Topic Options Labels/MEPS Establish working group to assess current / future labels/ EE levels/ MEPS for chillers Testing Assess potential for benchmaring /testing/ measuring of AC/ chiller EE Incentives Assess which fiscal / incentives are needed & possible to provide incentives for a higher market penetration of GreenAC 33

34 Agenda GreenChillers and their technical & economic advantages EE: Policy measures, standards and incentives Refrigerants: Policy measures & standards Inventory as the first step towards a GreenChiller/ RAC NAMA 34

35 New EU Proposal on F-Gas regulation: phase down by 23 Proposed Phase down Steps (Quota) 25, 2, EU-27 All sources Without F-gas legislation 215 1% % % [kt CO2eq] 15, 1, With '26 F-gas legislation' % % % 5, New F-gas proposal % Without measures With measures Adjusted from: Schwarz et al., 211

36 EU Policy tools for HFC phase down GWP based phase down (CAP) Quotas Bans for high GWP Taxes Reporting

37 How can R29 as low GWP but flammable alternative been used safely? 37

38 Both R29 and R32 are classified as flammable LFL R29 R32 R22 R41A R134a vol% NA NA NA kg/m NA NA NA AIT N.D. 743 MIE mj NA NA NA BV cm/s NA NA NA HOC MJ/kg OEL PPMv Safety(ASHRAE34) A3 A2L A1 A1 A1 LFL: under 23,11.3kPa

39 Use safety standards to handle flammability Standard Title Application HC charge limits IEC/ EN EN 378 Requirements for electric heat pumps, air conditioners and de-humidifiers Refrigeration systems and heat pump safety and environmental requirements Any air conditioner and heat pump appliances All refrigeration, air conditioning, heat pumps; domestic, commercial and industrial Scope up to about 5 kg Variable, 1kg, 15kg, 25kg, no limit 39

40 Maximum and allowable charge sizes 4

41 Four conditions to burn flammable refrigerants 4 conditions Flammable substance Oxygen Special density ( %) Ignition (>45 C)

42 Systematic approach to a safe design 42

43 Reducing charge sizes Reduction of charge sizes.15 kg/kw Feasible to achieve <.5 kg/kw Standard techniques Compact HXs, braze plates Smaller liquid line sizes Mini channel condensors Avoid receivers Minimize accumulator volume Carefully select oil (low solutibility) 43

44 Design requirements 44

45 Locating chillers 45

46 Locating chillers off limits!!! Minimum clearance distance from chiller No source of ignition nearby Use secure closing or fencing Authorized access only 46

47 GIZ handbook: Comprehensive overview over safety requirements as basis for capacity building measures Safety infrastructure Quality system for safety Training Production and manufacturing Equipment design and development Working on systems

48 Proposal for next steps Topic Options Refrigerant policy and standards Assess current regulations & policies, review options to limit use of higher GWP refrigerants and promote low, GWP natural refrigerants Saftey Develop guidelines and training for low GWP refrigerants Establish cooperation between local & international companies for the safe design and handling of chillers with HC as refrigerant 48

49 Agenda GreenChillers and their technical & economic advantages EE: Policy measures, standards and incentives Refrigerants: Policy measures & standards Inventory as the first step towards a GreenChiller/ RAC NAMA 49

50 Steps towards a inventory suitable for a supported NAMA proposal Inventory methodology Data collection Comparative study/energy efficiency study Establish working group, agree on approach & methodology Establish stock model & quality checks Assess suitable techology alternatives Mitigation scenarios Priorize subsectors and establsih mitigation scenarios MRV methodology Establish MRV methodology 5

51 Use the Tier 2 unit approach for MRVable supported NAMA Tier 1* Aggregated national data (Bulk, Import and Export) Tier 2* Bottom-up detailed data (Appliances, systems) According to 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 12/5/215

52 Classification: Subsector and appliances Sector Subsector Appliances Air Conditioning Unitary air conditioning Self contained air conditioners Split residential air conditioners Split commercial air conditioners Duct split residential air conditioners Commercial ducted splits Rooftop ducted Multi splits Chillers AC chillers Process chillers Mobile AC Car air conditioners Large vehicle air conditioners Domestic refrigeration Refrigerators, freezers Refrigeration Commercial Refrigeration Stand-alone equipment Condensing units Centralised systems for supermarkets Industrial Refrigeration Integral Condensing units Centralised systems Transport Refrigeration Refrigerated trucks/ trailers 52

53 Data input sheet: DIS-tool How many units are produced in your country? Sector Sub-sector Unitary air conditioning Self-contained air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Split residential air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Split commercial air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Duct split residential air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Commercial ducted splits Unitary air conditioning Rooftop ducted Unitary air conditioning Multi-splits How many units are sold Chillers Air conditioning in your chillers country? Chillers Process chillers Sector Sub-sector Mobile AC Car air conditioning Unitary air conditioning Self-contained air conditioners Mobile AC Large vehicle Unitary air air conditioning Split residential air conditioners Domestic refrigeration Domestic Unitary refrigeration air conditioning Split commercial air conditioners Commercial Refrigeration Stand-alone Unitary equipment air conditioning Duct split residential air conditioners Commercial Refrigeration Condensing Unitary units air conditioning Commercial ducted splits Refrigeration and air conditioning Commercial Refrigeration Centralised Unitary systems air for conditioning supermarkets Rooftop ducted How many units are in operation (current Industrial Refrigeration Integral Unitary air conditioning Multi-splits use) in your country? Industrial Refrigeration Condensing Chillers units Air conditioning chillers Sector Sub-sector Industrial Refrigeration Centralised Chillers systems Process chillers Unitary air conditioning Self-contained air conditioners Transport Refrigeration Refrigerated Mobile trucks/trailers AC Car air conditioning Unitary air conditioning Split residential air conditioners Mobile AC Large vehicle air conditioning Unitary air conditioning Split commercial air conditioners Domestic refrigeration Domestic refrigeration Unitary air conditioning Duct split residential air conditioners Commercial Refrigeration Stand-alone equipment Unitary air conditioning Commercial ducted splits Commercial Refrigeration Condensing units Unitary air conditioning Rooftop ducted Centralised systems for Unitary air conditioning Multi-splits Commercial Refrigeration supermarkets Chillers Air conditioning chillers Industrial Refrigeration Integral Chillers Process chillers Industrial Refrigeration Condensing units Mobile AC Car air conditioning Industrial Refrigeration Centralised systems Mobile AC Large vehicle air conditioning Transport Refrigeration Refrigerated trucks/trailers Domestic refrigeration Domestic refrigeration Commercial Refrigeration Stand-alone equipment Commercial Refrigeration Condensing units Commercial Refrigeration Centralised systems for supermarkets Industrial Refrigeration Integral Industrial Refrigeration Condensing units Industrial Refrigeration Centralised systems Transport Refrigeration Refrigerated trucks/trailers

54 Required technical parameters Refrigeration and air conditioning Inital Charge in New units [kg] Initial charge Sector Sub-sector Please choose the dominant refrigerant from the drop-down list (Therefore click on the cell below) Unitary air conditioning Self-contained air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Split residential air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Manufacture Emission Split Factors commercial (% air conditioners Manufacture Emission Factors Unitary air conditioning of Initial Charge) Duct split residential air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Sector Commercial ducted Sub-sector splits Refrigerant Unitary air conditioning Unitary air conditioning Rooftop ductedself-contained air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Unitary air conditioning Multi-splits Split residential air conditioners Chillers Unitary air conditioning Air conditioning Split chillers commercial air conditioners Servicing Emission Factors (% of Chillers Unitary air conditioning Process chillersduct split Initial residential Charge) air conditioners Mobile AC Unitary air conditioning Car air conditioning Commercial ducted splits Servicing Emission Factors Sector Sub-sector Refrigerant Mobile AC Unitary air conditioning Large vehicle air Rooftop conditioning Unitary ducted air conditioning Self-contained air conditioners Domestic refrigeration Unitary air conditioning Domestic refrigeration Multi-splits Unitary air conditioning Split residential air conditioners Commercial Refrigeration Chillers Stand-alone equipment Air conditioning Unitary air chillers conditioning Split commercial air conditioners Commercial Refrigeration Chillers Condensing units Process Unitary chillers air conditioning Average Duct cooling split residential capacityair per conditioners unit Commercial Refrigeration Mobile AC Centralised systems Car air for conditioning Unitary supermarkets air conditioning [kw] Commercial ducted splits Industrial Refrigeration Mobile AC Integral Large vehicle Unitary air air conditioning conditioning Rooftop ducted Average cooling capacity Sector Sub-sector Refrigerant Industrial Refrigeration Domestic refrigeration Condensing units Domestic Unitary refrigeration air conditioning Unitary Multi-splits air conditioning Self-contained air conditioners Industrial Refrigeration Commercial Refrigeration Centralised systems Stand-alone Chillers equipment Unitary Air air conditioning chillers Split residential air conditioners Transport Refrigeration Commercial Refrigeration Refrigerated trucks/trailers Condensing Chillers units Process chillers Unitary air conditioning Split commercial air conditioners Commercial Refrigeration Centralised Mobile systems AC for supermarkets Car Unitary air conditioning Duct split residential air conditioners Industrial Refrigeration Integral Mobile AC Large vehicle air conditioning etc. Unitary air conditioning Commercial ducted splits Industrial Refrigeration Condensing Domestic units refrigeration Domestic refrigeration Unitary air conditioning Rooftop ducted Industrial Refrigeration Centralised Commercial systems Refrigeration Stand-alone equipment Unitary air conditioning Multi-splits Transport Refrigeration Refrigerated Commercial trucks/trailers Refrigeration Condensing units Chillers Air conditioning chillers Commercial Refrigeration Chillers Centralised systems for supermarkets Process chillers Industrial Refrigeration Mobile Integral AC Car air conditioning Industrial Refrigeration Mobile Condensing AC units Large vehicle air conditioning Industrial Refrigeration Domestic Centralised refrigeration systems Domestic refrigeration Transport Refrigeration Commercial Refrigerated Refrigeration trucks/trailers Stand-alone equipment Commercial Refrigeration Condensing units Commercial Refrigeration Centralised systems for supermarkets Industrial Refrigeration Integral Industrial Refrigeration Condensing units Industrial Refrigeration Centralised systems Transport Refrigeration Refrigerated trucks/trailers

55 Tier 2: Include per unit energy use and emission Production of appliances (First Fill) Stock (=appliances in use) Bank Manufacture Emissions Service Emissions (Refill) Disposal Emissions Energy Consumption Fill Refill Direct Emissions Indirect Emissions Demand Total Emissions Following the Tier 2 emission-factor approach (IPCC, 1997, 26) page 55

56 Projection of RAC GHG emissions Example Thailand Mt COeq % * Total Emissions Thailand Indirect Emissions RAC Direct Emissions RAC page 56 * Source: TGO 212

57 Business as usual (BAU) emissions and energy consumption by subsector Example Thailand 25 Total Emissions (Direct + Indirect) Mt CO2 eq Transport Refrigeration Industrial Refrigeration Commercial Refrigeration Domestic refrigeration Mobile AC 21 5 Chillers Unitary air conditioning

58 Roadmap to energy & Emission saving Key focus technology Total mitigation potential (kt CO2/year) in the year 219 Example Thailand Number of converted units (as new sales units) 219 Unitary AC Chiller Domestic Refrigeration Commercial Refrg. /Standalone Commercial Refrg. Condensing Commercial Refrg. Centralised Units Total

59 Potential to reduce energy consumption & emissions > 3% against BAU 25 Total emissions and Reduction potential 2 Mt CO 2 eq 15 1 BAU DER DEREE 5

60 Proposal for the Indonesian Chiller NAMA Establish working group with all key stakeholders Decide on the inventory scope (TIER 2=energy + emissions, RAC or AC sector) Government authorisation letter for data collection 6