Water use for the development of Texas shale and tight plays

Transcription

1 Water use for the development of Texas shale and tight plays Jean-Philippe JP Nicot Jackson School of Geosciences The University of Texas at Austin Groundwater Protection Council Unconventional Oil & Gas Water Management Forum Grapevine, TX July 9, 2013

2 Lake Travis, Central Texas Dried bed of Lake E.V. Spence, Texas, Aug. 7, 2011 Tony Gutierrez/AP Photo 2

3 Development Population Growth: Barnett: DFW Metroplex Eagle Ford: I-35 Corridor x2 in the next 50 years: increase in municipal water use

4 What is the impact of hydraulic fracturing on water supplies? Sand storage Pumping trucks Wellhead Modified from photo by Devon Energy,

5 SHALES TIGHT GAS TIGHT OIL Spraberry and others WOLFCAMP SHALE CLINE SHALE Granite wash, Cleveland, Marmaton BARNETT SHALE HAYNESVILLE SHALE BOSSIER SHALE Cotton Valley, Travis Peak WOODFORD SHALE BARNETT SHALE AVALON / BONESPRING Canyon Sands Olmos EAGLE FORD SHALE PEARSALL SHALE Vicksburg, Wilcox 5

6 Hydraulic Fracturing Water Use 1 AF = 325,851 gallons 1kAF = m : 36 kaf 2011: 81.5 kaf Source of raw data: IHS Enerdeq database 6

7 2008, '10, '11 Water Use (thousand AF) Barnett Sh. Haynesville Sh. / EastTexas TG Eagle Ford Sh. Woodford / Barnett PB / Pearsall Sh. 7 Jump in water use in oil plays Anadarko TG Permian Basin TO South Texas / Gulf Coast TG

8 A few numbers Average Water Use (kaf) 10,000 8,000 6,000 4, Mining consumption: Oil and Gas 2,000= ~60 kaf (~36 kaf HF) (HF, drilling, waterflooding) Coal/Lignite 0= ~20 kaf Aggregates = ~70 kaf Others= ~10 kaf Total= ~160 kaf Municipal Manufacturing Total = ~15,000 kaf/yr 8 Mining 2011 Mining consumption: Oil and Gas = ~120 kaf water use (HF, drilling, waterflooding) HF = ~81.5 kaf water use HF = ~65 kaf water consumption All others = ~100kAF Steam-electric Livestock Irrigation Total consumption = ~190 kaf

9 Baseline water use Large increase in sparsely populated counties because of the low baseline 9

10 Barnett Shale Eagle Ford Shale Wolfberry 10 Verticals

11 O&G water use and consumption projections HF Water Use/Consumption (thousand AF) O&G Water Use/Consumption (thousand AF) Water Use Water Consumption 200 Water Use Water Consumption Calendar Year Calendar Year

12 GW/SW split: little known SW GW 2006 survey in Barnett: ~60% groundwater 2012 Barnett: ~20% groundwater 2012 Haynesville-ETx: ~70% groundwater 2012 Eagle Ford: ~90% groundwater 2012 Permian B.: ~100% groundwater Based on ~30% of water use 12

13 Based on ~30% of water use Anadarko: R/R: 20% BK: 30% Midland: R/R: 2% BK: 30% Barnett: R/R: 5% BK: 3% Fraction from recycling / reuse East Texas: R/R: 5% BK: ~0% Delaware: R/R: 0% BK: 80% Eagle Ford: R/R: ~0% BK: 20% Fresh water R/R Brackish 13

14 Based on ~30% of water use Anadarko: ~100% Midland: ~75% Barnett: ~60% Flowback at end of Year1 Haynesville: ~15% Delaware: ~80% Cotton Valley: ~60% Eagle Ford: ~20% 14

15 5 th, 30 th, 50 th, 70 th, and 90 th monthly produced water percentiles Barnett Shale 15

16 5 th, 30 th, 50 th, 70 th, and 90 th monthly produced water percentiles Barnett Shale 16

17 5 th, 30 th, 50 th, 70 th, and 90 th cumulative produced water percentiles Barnett Shale 17

18 5 th, 30 th, 50 th, 70 th, and 90 th produced water fraction (%) percentiles Barnett Shale 18

19 Produced water time variability

20 County-level produced water fraction 20

21 Eagle Ford flowback percentiles 21

22 County-level produced water fraction from well completion 1 month 2 months 3 months 6 months 1 year 2 years 3 years 22

23 Annual injection well volumes through time

24 Conclusions and final thoughts Upstream oil and gas uses little water at the state level However: HF water use can have a large impact locally, particularly on groundwater Diffuse, transient pumping, no interlocutor ( well field) Population growing in a state where droughts are frequent: competition with other users There is a need to develop alternative sources of water (brackish, reuse, etc), reuse/recycling and less water-intensive techniques for HF 24

25 San Antonio QUESTIONS? Eagle Pass+ Houston Laredo+ C.C. The Valley 25 Credit: NASA - NOAA

26 26

27 Reference list Nicot, J. -P., and Potter, E., 2007, Historical and estimation of ground water use for gas production in the Barnett Shale, North Texas Bené, P. G., Harden, R., Griffin, S. W., and Nicot, J.-P., 2007, Northern Trinity/Woodbine aquifer groundwater availability model: assessment of groundwater use in the northern Trinity aquifer due to urban growth and Barnett Shale development, contract report prepared for the Texas Water Development Board Nicot, J. -P., 2009, Assessment of industry water use in the Barnett Shale gas play (Fort Worth Basin): Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 59, p Nicot, J. -P., Hebel, A. K., Ritter, S. M., Walden, S., Baier, R., Galusky, P., Beach, J. A., Kyle, R., Symank, L., and Breton, C., 2011, Current and projected water use in the Texas mining and oil and gas industry: The University of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology, Contract Report prepared for Texas Water Development Board, 357 p. Nicot, J.-P. and B. R. Scanlon, 2012, Water Use for Shale-Gas Production in Texas, U.S., Environmental Science & Technology, 46 (6), p Nicot, J.-P., 2012, Current and Future Water Demand of the Texas Oil and Gas and Mining Sectors and Potential Impact on Aquifers, GCAGS Journal,1, p Nicot, J. -P., Reedy, R. C., Costley, R., and Huang, Y., 2012, Oil & gas water use in Texas: update to the 2011 Mining Water Use Report: The University of Texas at Austin,, final report prepared for Texas Oil & Gas Associaion, 97 p. 27

28 All wells >80,000 wells completed in the past 5 years ~350->400 MMBBL/yr Oil From ~7.0 to 7.5 TCF/yr Gas Hydraulic Fracturing Drilling = 8 kaf Waterflooding 28

29 Barnett Shale Eagle Ford Shale 29

30 Barnett Shale Eagle Ford Shale 30

31 Barnett Shale Eagle Ford Shale 31

32 Barnett Shale Eagle Ford Shale Wolfberry 32 Verticals

33 Historical water use Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer (state-wide) Eagle Ford + Haynesville 33 Huang et al, 2012

34 South Carrizo: Historical drawdown to 1999 (irrigation) Huang et al,

35 Permian Basin: Ogallala A. Edwards-Trinity A. BK: Dockum, Capitan, Rustler Aqs Barnett: Trinity A. BK: PZ Haynesville: Carrizo- Wilcox A. Eagle Ford: Carrizo A. Gulf Coast Aqs BK: Wilcox, GC 35

36 Groundwater Systems confined / unconfined GW and SW are NOT independent TWDB Courtesy Robert Mace 36

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38 Hickory Sandstone sand mines Near Brady, Texas mile

39 Sand mine for proppant McCulloch County 39

40 Groundwater Conservation Districts (GCD s) 40

41 Barnett flowback percentiles 41

42 Barnett flowback percentiles 42