NOTICE OF DISCLAIMER AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY The document to which this Notice is affixed (the Document ) has been prepared by one or more

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1 NOTICE OF DISCLAIMER AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY The document to which this Notice is affixed (the Document ) has been prepared by one or more Engineering Committees or Formulating Groups of the Telecommunications Industry Association ( TIA ). TIA is not the author of the Document contents, but publishes and claims copyright to the Document pursuant to licenses and permission granted by the authors of the contents. TIA Engineering Committees and Formulating Groups are expected to conduct their affairs in accordance with the TIA Engineering Manual ( Manual ), the current and predecessor versions of which are available at TIA s function is to administer the process, but not the content, of document preparation in accordance with the Manual and, when appropriate, the policies and procedures of the American National Standards Institute ( ANSI ). TIA does not evaluate, test, verify or investigate the information, accuracy, soundness, or credibility of the contents of the Document. In publishing the Document, TIA disclaims any undertaking to perform any duty owed to or for anyone. If the Document is identified or marked as a project number (PN) document, or as a standards proposal (SP) document, persons or parties reading or in any way interested in the Document are cautioned that: (a) the Document is a proposal; (b) there is no assurance that the Document will be approved by any Committee of TIA or any other body in its present or any other form; (c) the Document may be amended, modified or changed in the standards development or any editing process. The use or practice of contents of this Document may involve the use of intellectual property rights ( IPR ), including pending or issued patents, or copyrights, owned by one or more parties. TIA makes no search or investigation for IPR. When IPR consisting of patents and published pending patent applications are claimed and called to TIA s attention, a statement from the holder thereof is requested, all in accordance with the Manual. TIA takes no position with reference to, and disclaims any obligation to investigate or inquire into, the scope or validity of any claims of IPR. TIA will neither be a party to discussions of any licensing terms or conditions, which are instead left to the parties involved, nor will TIA opine or judge whether proposed licensing terms or conditions are reasonable or non-discriminatory. TIA does not warrant or represent that procedures or practices suggested or provided in the Manual have been complied with as respects the Document or its contents. TIA does not enforce or monitor compliance with the contents of the Document. TIA does not certify, inspect, test or otherwise investigate products, designs or services or any claims of compliance with the contents of the Document. ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES CONCERNING THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS, ITS FITNESS OR APPROPRIATENESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, ITS MERCHANTABILITY AND ITS NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD PARTY S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. TIA EX- PRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES REGARDING THE CONTENT S COMPLI- ANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE STATUTE, RULE OR REGULATION, OR THE SAFETY OR HEALTH EFFECTS OF THE CONTENTS OR ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE REFERRED IN THE DOCU- MENT OR PRODUCED OR RENDERED COMPLY WITH THE CONTENTS. TIA SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY AND ALL DAMAGES, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, ARISING FROM OR RELATING ANY USE OF THE CONTENTS CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, RT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS.

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3 PN--00 (Draft.) TSB Telecommunications Cabling Guidelines for Wireless Access Points TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... PURPOSE AND SCOPE... REFERENCES... DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.... Definitions.... Acronyms and abbreviations... TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTLET LOCATIONS.... Cell size..... General..... Typical uniform cell size.... Shared media access considerations... REMOTE POWER OVER TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABLING... COEXISTENCE... EXTERNAL ANTENNAS... HORIZONTAL CABLING... 0 ADMINISTRATION AND LABELING... SEPARATION OF POWER BRANCH CIRCUITS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABLING... MOUNTING AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES.... Shared tenant considerations.... Design considerations.... Wireless access point mounting options..... Wall-mount above drop ceiling..... Wall-mount below drop ceiling..... In-the-grid ceiling mount.... Power options... PERFORMANCE AND TESTING GUIDELINES.... Balanced twisted pair cabling..... Channel testing guidelines..... Permanent link testing guidelines.... Optical fiber cabling...0 Annex A (informative) Other wireless access point cabling options... i

4 PN--00 (Draft.) TSB- 0 0 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Cell sizing (WAP placed anywhere inside the cell)... Figure Typical uniform cell size... Figure Additional and wireless access point in cell... Figure Typical wall-mount above drop ceiling... Figure Typical wall-mount below drop ceiling... Figure Typical in-the-grid ceiling mount... Figure Typical WAP with remote power from a switch... Figure Typical WAP with remote power from a mid-span power device... Figure Typical WAP with local antenna in a wall mount installation using local power... Figure 0 Integrated wireless access point/... LIST OF TABLES Table 0 m permanent link insertion loss field test values.0 FOREWORD (This foreword is not part of the TSB) TIA standards documents are developed within the Technical Committees of the TIA and the standards coordinating committees of the TIA standards board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without commission. The companies that they represent are not necessarily members of the TIA. The standards developed within the TIA represent a consensus of the broad expertise on the subject. This expertise comes from within the TIA as well as those outside of the TIA that have an expressed interest. The viewpoint expressed at the time that this standard was approved was from the contributors experience and the state of the art at that time. Users are encouraged to verify that they have the latest revision of the standard. This TSB has been prepared and approved by the TR- Engineering Committee. ii

5 PN--00 (Draft.) TSB INTRODUCTION A growing number of enterprises employ equipment at the edge of the network that relies on physical connections to the cabling infrastructure at the work area, while also having the ability to maintain mobile network access at other locations. The current suite of TR- infrastructure and cabling standards do not specifically cover cabling to wireless access points. Supplementary information is needed on the number of outlets and outlet placement for wireless access points that may receive both data and power through the telecommunications cabling. This TSB uses the topology and architecture of a Multi-User Telecommunications Outlet Assembly (MUA) as described in ANSI/TIA/EIA--B.. The same concepts and requirements are used to develop the cabling guidelines for wireless access points. This TSB provides a design and installation guideline for pre-cabling in a grid approach that allows the user flexibility when deploying wireless access points. The pre-cabled grid makes the building ready for a wireless infrastructure to be installed at any time. Additionally, wireless access point locations can be fine tuned by moving the wireless access point within each cell of the pre-cabled grid as necessary. This TSB is primarily focused on new buildings that are in the planning stage where pre-cabling in a grid approach is recommended. This approach can also be used in existing buildings where applicable. Site surveys are also advantageous for existing buildings and as the buildings are built. Alternative cabling methods that may be suitable are also described in Annex A. For code compliance, refer to the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). PURPOSE AND SCOPE This TSB provides guidelines on the topology, design, installation, and testing of telecommunications cabling infrastructure, in compliance with ANSI/TIA/EIA--B. and TIA--B, for supporting wireless local area networks (WLAN) in customer owned premises. This TSB includes the cabling between LAN equipment and wireless access points including pathways and spaces to support the cabling and wireless access points. REFERENCES The following standards contain provisions which are referenced in this TSB. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. ANSI and TIA maintain registers of currently valid national standards published by them. a) ANSI/TIA/EIA--B., Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part : General Requirements. b) ANSI/TIA/EIA--B., Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part : Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Components c) TIA--B, Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces. d) ANSI/TIA/EIA-0-A, Administration Standard for Commercial Telecommunications Infrastructure. e) ANSI/TIA/EIA-, Building Automation Systems Cabling Standard for Commercial Buildings.

6 PN--00 (Draft.) TSB- 0 f) IEEE 0.af, Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) Power via Media Dependent Interface (MDI). DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS. Definitions wireless access point: A device that is a transmitter and receiver to facilitate wireless communications. cell: The area in which the wireless access point can be located. grid: A collection of adjacent cells. coverage area: The area in which the wireless access point provides a signal that is strong enough to support communications Acronyms and abbreviations WAP Wireless Access Point Telecommunications Outlet TR Telecommunications Room AHJ Authority Having Jurisdiction TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTLET LOCATIONS. Cell size.. General The wireless coverage area radius is impacted by a number of factors including: Building materials (concrete, sheetrock, wood, steel, etc.) Building configuration (closed, semi-closed, or open space) Building furnishings (cabinets, partitions, furniture, etc.) These factors are taken into account by equipment and WLAN system vendors when using the site survey approach. These areas are outside the pre-cabled grid approach of this TSB The purpose of this section is to serve as a design guide to be applied by the customer to size appropriately the cells needed for wireless coverage. This design guide can also help in special situations such as in hospital rooms, class rooms, conference rooms, etc., where the wireless coverage needs to be contained to a specific coverage area. Cell size is a design decision to be made by the customer to meet specific needs. To appropriately design coverage, it is recommended that a cell be in the shape of a square. The will be placed at the center of this square, and will have a patch cord extending from it to the wireless access point. The maximum length of this patch cord is the radius of the circle that defines the square cell. See figure. Note Refer to ANSI/TIA/EIA--B. clause... for optical fiber cabling.

7 PN--00 (Draft.) TSB- WAP L max (max. patch cord length) R X 0 0 H max (max. horizontal link length) Max. m (0 ft) equipment cord Active equipment Figure Cell sizing (WAP placed anywhere inside the cell) To allow placement of the wireless access point anywhere within the cell, the maximum length of the patch cord is given by: where L max = R = 0.0 X () L max R X is the maximum patch cord length between and WAP; is the radius of the circle circumscribing the cell; is the size of the square cell. Once the maximum length of the patch cord between the and the access point is known (L max ), the next step is to determine the maximum horizontal length from TR to (H max ). A maximum of meters (0 feet) should account for the connection from the Active Equipment to the TR patch panel. It should be noted that the maximum length of the horizontal channel per ANSI/TIA/EIA--B. is 00 meters. The total length of the horizontal channel, adjusted to allow for the use of stranded patch cord, is: where H max +. L max + = 0 meters () H max is the maximum horizontal link length. The maximum length of the horizontal link from the TR to the (H max ) will depend on the size of the cell to be deployed. Solving for H max : H max = L max meters () where H max does not exceed 0 meters. TR

8 PN--00 (Draft.) TSB- 0 Note When installing wireless access points with patch cord length of m ( ft) or less (i.e. integrated wireless access point/) the length of horizontal cable may be increased to 0 m ( ft)... Typical uniform cell size In many cases a fixed cell size will be distributed uniformly throughout the building. Based on the typical coverage area of currently available wireless access points and on the typical bay size for commercial buildings in North America, a pre-cabled grid with. m (0 ft) cells should be deployed. This results in a cell radius (R) and maximum patch cord length (L max ) of m ( ft) and a maximum horizontal link length (H max ) of 0 m ( ft). See figure. Note Refer to ANSI/TIA/EIA--B. clause... for optical fiber cabling. L max = m WAP ( ft) H max R = m ( ft) X =. m (0 ft) = 0 m ( ft) Max. m (0 ft) equipment cord Active equipment TR Figure Typical uniform cell size 0. Shared media access considerations Wireless is a shared media and performance degrades as the number of users increases. It is recommended that the designer consider coverage, bandwidth, types of applications, and quality of service when deciding the number of users and the number of required wireless access points. Depending on quality of service this may need to be adjusted. If additional users are anticipated in certain areas of the building, the cell size in this area may be reduced. Alternately, additional telecommunications outlets as necessary should be installed in affected cells of a uniform grid. Figure illustrates the case with two telecommunications outlets. Note - s can be placed next to each other if desired

9 PN--00 (Draft.) TSB- WAP WAP TR 0 Active equipment Figure Additional and wireless access point in cell REMOTE POWER OVER TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABLING The wireless access point can be powered either by a local power supply or remotely from a power supply, located in the telecommunication room. Remote powering negates the need for a power outlet within the vicinity of the wireless access point. Where balanced twisted pair cabling is used, it is recommended that power be delivered through the horizontal cabling utilizing IEEE 0.af compliant equipment at both ends. For access points that are not IEEE 0.af compliant, power can be delivered using other methods outside the scope of this document. See ANSI/TIA/EIA- for providing low voltage power over twisted pair cabling. Remote power from the switch or from a mid-span power source is recommended since it eliminates the need to run power cables to each wireless access point COEXISTENCE Coexistence of different RF applications is outside the scope this TSB. Users should consult with equipment manufacturers and WLAN system providers for additional guidance on location of access points to avoid interference from other wireless applications or devices. 0 EXTERNAL ANTENNAS Most wireless access points have an attached or built-in antenna. This antenna can generally be maneuvered (oriented) to provide directional coverage. Additionally, many wireless access points have the option to attach remote antennas that are mounted externally to the device. These remote antennas provide extended coverage for hard to reach areas. They can expand coverage in one direction (also known as directional antennas), extend transmission range by providing a higher gain, or be able to discern a better signal via built-in smart mechanisms. The antennas are attached to the wireless access point via coaxial cabling. Impedance matching

10 PN--00 (Draft.) TSB- between the wireless access point radio transmitter and the coaxial cable used for the distributed antenna should be implemented. HORIZONTAL CABLING Horizontal cabling for wireless access points should be category e or higher as specified in ANSI/TIA/EIA--B. or two-fiber multimode optical fiber cable, either./ mm or 0/ mm, as specified in ANSI/TIA/EIA--B.. Figure illustrates the grid topology of horizontal cabling used to support wireless access points. These guidelines for horizontal cabling may also be applied to backbone cabling that has a maximum channel length of 00 meters ADMINISTRATION AND LABELING Administration and labeling for wireless access point cabling and associated pathways follows ANSI/TIA-0-A. SEPARATION OF POWER BRANCH CIRCUITS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABLING Separation between power and network cabling is required due to personnel electrical and fire safety and network performance considerations. Refer to TIA--B for separation of telecommunications cabling from power branch circuits. MOUNTING AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES. Shared tenant considerations Multi-tenant or shared tenant situations are related to security and outside the scope of this TSB.. Design considerations Solid conductor patch cords are recommended since they have improved insertion loss and should simplify installation rules (no need to compute reduced lengths for stranded patch cords).. Wireless access point mounting options.. Wall-mount above drop ceiling AC power supply should not be installed above the ceiling, except in an approved ceiling access enclosure. 0 Figure Typical wall-mount above drop ceiling

11 PN--00 (Draft.) TSB-.. Wall-mount below drop ceiling The wall mount below the drop ceiling option has the advantage of easy installation as well as eliminating the need for plenum rated components. Additionally, such an installation allows access to building occupants. T Figure Typical wall-mount below drop ceiling.. In-the-grid ceiling mount The in-the-grid ceiling mount option provides the needed functionality in an aesthetically pleasing installation. R A F D 0 Figure Typical in-the-grid ceiling mount. Power options The different methods of powering wireless access points are illustrated in Figures, and. Figure Typical WAP with remote power from a switch

12 PN--00 (Draft.) TSB- Figure Typical WAP with remote power from a mid-span power device F T A Figure Typical WAP with local antenna in a wall mount installation using local power PERFORMANCE AND TESTING GUIDELINES. Balanced twisted pair cabling R In the event mid-span insertion devices are used, there may not be a contiguous DC path for the permanent link or channel due to blocking capacitors or other designs. In this event the wire map portion of field tests will likely fail, since existing test tools require a DC path for wire map determination. In the event wire map fails, but all other field test requirements (specified in ANSI/TIA/EIA--B. clause. for category e cabling or in ANSI/TIA/EIA--B.- clause for category cabling) pass, the permanent link or channel should be considered to have fully met the relevant overall test criteria... Channel testing guidelines The horizontal cabling, including the patch cord connected the wireless access point and patch cords for equipment and cross connect in the TR, should meet the channel performance requirements in ANSI/TIA/EIA--B. clause. for category e cabling or in ANSI/TIA/EIA--B.- clause for category cabling... Permanent link testing guidelines 0 With the exception of insertion loss the horizontal permanent link between the TR and should meet the permanent link performance requirements in ANSI/TIA/EIA--B. clause. for category e cabling or in ANSI/TIA/EIA--B.- clause for category cabling. D 0

13 PN--00 (Draft.) TSB- When the cell radius exceeds m the permanent link insertion loss requirements should be adjusted to account for the shorter allowable link length and to allow for increased insertion loss in the long patch cord between the and wireless access point. The insertion loss should meet the values determined using the following equations. For category e permanent links: H = db () 00 max InsertionLossperm _ link InsertionLossconn + InsertionLosscable, 00m 0 0 where InsertionLoss perm Hmax 0.0 _ link 0. f +. f f + db () 00 f f is frequency in MHz; H max is maximum horizontal link length (see.); InsertionLoss conn is connector insertion loss per ANSI/TIA/EIA--B. clause..; InsertionLoss cable,00m is cable insertion loss per ANSI/TIA/EIA--B. clause... For category permanent links: where InsertionLoss InsertionLoss perm _ link Hmax = InsertionLossconn + InsertionLosscable,00m + ILDperm _ link db () 00 H f db () 00 f max perm _ link.0 f.0 f 0.0 f f is frequency in MHz; H max is maximum horizontal link length (see..); InsertionLoss conn is connector insertion loss per ANSI/TIA/EIA--B.- clause..; InsertionLoss cable,00m is cable insertion loss per ANSI/TIA/EIA--B. clause..; ILD perm_link is permanent link insertion loss deviation per ANSI/TIA/EIA--B.- clause... For field test purposes calculated values of less then db should revert to db. Examples of the insertion loss test values at selected frequencies for the 0 m permanent link used in the typical uniform cell size (see..) are shown in table.

14 PN--00 (Draft.) TSB- Table 0 m permanent link insertion loss field test values. Optical fiber cabling Frequency Insertion loss (db) (MHz) Category e Category Optical fiber links should be tested in accordance with ANSI/TIA/EIA--B. clause.. 0

15 PN--00 (Draft.) TSB- Annex A (informative) Other wireless access point cabling options The wireless access point and may be integrated into a single enclosure. Horizontal cabling should not be connected directly to the wireless access point. Connection between the WAP and the should be made using a short patch cord. See Figure 0. 0 Figure 0 Integrated wireless access point/