Rebecca Ochong, UN-Habitat, GLTN Peter Ngau, University of Nairobi, Kenya Lowie Rosales-Kawasaki, UN-Habitat, GLTN Solomon Abebe Haile, UN-Habitat,

Transcription

1 Rebecca Ochong, UN-Habitat, GLTN Peter Ngau, University of Nairobi, Kenya Lowie Rosales-Kawasaki, UN-Habitat, GLTN Solomon Abebe Haile, UN-Habitat, GLTN

2 1. Introduction: The Argument 2. Declarations, Legal and Policy Framework 3. Gender Dynamics of Land Governance 4. Gender Evaluation Criteria 5. The Gender Parity Question 6. Indicators and trends 7. Role of African Land Professionals 8. Concluding Remarks

3 1. The paper highlights a neglected aspect of Land Reform in Africa the Gender Parity Question from the perspective of land professionals. 2. Over the last decade, land reform has taken center stage particularly in Africa - Need to rationalize distortions in land relations - Need for laws that protect land rights of the most vulnerable members (women, children and people with disabilities) 3. About 60% of the population derives their livelihood and income primarily from Land. 4. Land contributes - more than 25% of GDP

4 The question of women land rights is a key distortion in the land reform Women are discriminated against in terms of access to, ownership of, and control over land and income produced from it. Low shares of registered women land right holders -about 2% in developing countries (estimated 5-7% in Kenya) women represent 43% of the agricultural workforce and produce more than half of the world s food (ILO 2012).

5 The gender parity question- Progress in Reforms The Maputo declaration the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (ACHPR) on the rights of Women in Africa 2004 Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality in African 2006 Framework and Guidelines on Land Policy in Africa (F&G) The 2009 Declaration of Land Issues and Challenges in Africa by heads of Government of the African Union 2014, African Union Ministers of Gender and Women s Affairs Despite the above declarations the low recognition of women rights remains a major challenge.

6

7 Tool developed by GLTN and useful in assessing the extent to which land tools are responsive or non-responsive from a gender perspective. Primarily intended to meet the needs of land professionals who seek practical knowledge and understanding of how land tools upholds and contributes to the attainment of gender equality in land access and tenure security The gender evaluation tool is based on six key criteria outlined below: Participation equal participation by women and men alongside gender responsive governance. Capacity building empowerment of both men and women to use, access and benefit from any tools used in relation to land Legal and institutional considerations how the legal rights are protected and promoted Social and cultural impacts reducing the prejudices and practices that effectively discriminate against women s right to land security of tenure and land rights Economic impact how women s access to economic independence and resources are supported and promoted by utilizing a land tool Scale and sustainability how effective is a land tool

8 Male Female Resident Surveyors 31 (30.10%) 1 (0.97%) Non-resident Surveyors 69 (66.99%) 2 (1.94%) Total 103 (100%) Table 1: Surveyors in Practice: Osun State Nigeria Source: Nigerian Institution of Surveyors, Osogbo: 2010

9 Survey Student Enrolments 2009/2010 Session Total Male Female Osun State College of Technology, Esa- 99 (100%) (32.3%) Oke (67.7%) Federal Polytechnics, Ede 30 (100%) 18 (60%) 12 (40%) Source: Nigerian Institution of Surveyors, Osogbo: 2010 Student who have Graduated between the period 1999/ /2009 Total Male % Female% 1999/ / / / / / / / (80.9%) 41 (19.1) Source: Department of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Esa-Oke and Fieldwork: 2010

10 Staffing in the Ministry of Lands, Kenya (June 2011) Source: Ministry of Lands. Total Number Approved In Post Department Female Male Total % In Post Administration Lands Survey KISM Physical Planning Land Adjudication & Settlement Total

11 Table 3.2 Staffing by Gender (In Post, June 2011) Source: Ministry of Lands. Department/Unit Female % Male % Total Administration Lands Surveys KISM Physical Planning Land Adjudication & Settlement Total

12 Table 3.8 Highest Academic Qualification by Gender - Provinces and Sample Districts Source: Provinces and Sample districts. Below O-level O-level Certificate Ordinary diploma Higher Diploma Degree Gender Male 11.0% 19.2% 21.4% 8.5% 13.2% 21.7% 5.0% Female 10.0% 25.4% 32.5% 10.5% 7.7% 11.0% 2.9% All 10.6% 21.8% 26.1% 9.4% 10.8% 17.1% 4.1% Masters Table 3.9 Highest Academic Qualification by Gender Headquarters Nairobi Below O-level O-level Certificate Ordinary Diploma Higher Diploma Degree Male 2.6% 20.5% 12.8% 23.1% 10.3% 21.8% 9.0% Female 0% 25.5% 20.0% 32.7% 9.1% 7.3% 5.5% All 1.5% 22.6% 15.8% 27.1% 9.8% 15.8% 7.5% Masters

13 Developing core competencies of land professionals to be: - Gender sensitive - Facilitators - Dispute resolution - Negotiators Era of new technologies - Digital vs analogue

14 - Recognizing women as stakeholders in land - Having both male and female role models as key players - Providing opportunity to explicitly recognize women s rights - Including the name of spouse in all legal documents - Explaining the rights and obligations - Learning about the local situation with regard to women s rights when implementing land related projects - Inclusion of women land professionals who have a good understanding of the gender dimension - Sharing information and experiences by documenting lessons learnt

15 Land Policy Reforms should be gender sensitive - Applying Gender Evaluation Criteria guidelines Mentorship Address gender parity question in regard to land professional.

16 THANK YOU