PILOT TESTING OF SOLAR WATER PUMPS

Transcription

1 PILOT TESTING OF SOLAR WATER PUMPS WATT IS LOT Engr. Umer Mehmood Assistant Director (Tech.) Directorate General Agriculture (Water Management), Punjab

2 INTRODUCTION The sun is the natural source of energy for an independent water supply. Solar pumps operate anywhere the sun shines, and the longer it shines, the more water they pumps Agricultural production through irrigation with electric tubewells is hit badly by energy crises as the grid electricity in remote areas is extremely short The use of renewable energy resources and replacement of existing non-renewable energy source of fossil fuels for irrigation tubewells with renewable energy such as solar or wind could be a viable option

3 PROSPECTS OF SOLAR ENERGY IN PAKISTAN Solar energy is available for more than 300 days a year in Pakistan with about 6-8 hours effective daylight hours. Most parts of the Pakistan receive very high solar radiation intensities about (5kw/m 2 /day) The arid/ semi-arid climate of the Punjab provides ideal conditions for adoption of solar energy for operating irrigation water pumps. I th t i h th l t i it i i ffi i t f In the present scenario, when the electricity is insufficient for domestic use and fuel prices are increasing exponentially, solar water pumps could be a viable solution for irrigation

4 PROSPECTS OF SOLAR ENERGY IN PAKISTAN

5 IMPORTANCE OF SOLAR WATER PUMPING A natural match between the availability of sunlight and the need for water. A reliable, efficient, sustainable and cost effective energy option for agriculture It will create awareness among the farming community for conservation of resources and helped them to overcome hesitation in adoption of new interventions

6 JUSTIFICATION More than one million tubewells in Pakistan including 750,000 diesel and 70,000 electricity operated in the Punjab, consuming enormous fuel and energy Government is heavily subsidizing electric tariff for agricultural tubewells putting additional burden on national exchequer Agricultural production through irrigation with electric tubewells is hit badly by energy crises as the grid electricity in remote areas is extremely short The replacement of existing non-renewable energy source of fossil fuels for irrigation tubewells with renewable energy resources such as solar or wind is a viable option Agricultural production through irrigation with electric tubewells is hit badly by energy crises as the grid electricity in remote areas is extremely short.

7 SOLAR TECHNOLOGY When light falls on the active surface, the electrons in a solar cell become energized and Photovoltaic array converts solar energy directly into electricity as DC The power from a solar system and the volume of water pumped varies with the amount of solar radiation The pump will have its own optimum discharge depending on the type and size of panel/ motor

8 COMPONENTS OF SOLAR WATER PUMP Photovoltaic pumps are made up of three main components Power Source Photovoltaic solar module Motor (AC/ DC) & Pump Submersible Centrifugal Power Controllers Inverter Maximum Power Point Tracker MPPT

9 PARTS OF SOLAR WATER PUMPING SYSTEM Photovoltaic solar modules Motor Solar pump and its accessories Inverter (Charge Controller) Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) Wires Bracket, Frame, clamps, nuts, bolts etc Solar pump Complete boring material (blind pipe, filter etc) Panel board (switches etc)

10 POWER SOURCE (PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE)

11 SUBMERSIBLE PUMP

12 INVERTOR

13 METHODOLOGY When the Photovoltaic (PV) module (array) is exposed to sunlight and light falls on the active surface, the electrons in a solar cell become energized and Photovoltaic array converts solar energy directly into electricity as Direct Current DC The Photovoltaic PV module can also be used for AC applications using an inverter. Photovoltaic PV is especially suitable for water pumping because energy need not be stored for night pumping. Instead, water can be stored to supply water at night The power from a solar system and the volume of water pumped varies with the amount of solar radiation

14 WORKING OF SOLAR WATER PUMP The system mainly consists of PV array, inverter, controller, submersible pump and water tank. A photovoltaic array is use to collect solar radiation and converts directly into electricity as DC and then into AC through Inverter The pump will have an electric motor to drive it and use to transfer of fluid An appropriate water tank to store water for later use. Stands for the PV array has the tracking function (by manual regulating the stands), significantly ifi increasingi the working time of the system to pump more water.

15 SOLAR WATER PUMP

16 INSTALLATION OF SOLAR WATER PUMP

17 BORING FOR SOLAR WATER PUMP

18 FOUNDATION FOR STANDS

19 INSTALLATION OF PANEL

20

21 SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION

22 PILOT TESTING OF SOLAR WATER PUMPS

23 PROJECT DIGEST Name of the Project PILOT TESTING OF SOLAR WATER PUMPS Location The project will be implemented through out the Punjab province by installing nine (9) Solar Water Pumps at selected government farms. Sponsoring Government of the Punjab through Agriculture Department Execution The Punjab Agriculture Department through Directorate General Agriculture (Water Management) Punjab, Lahore o Supply & Services Companies Project Period to Project Cost million

24 PROJECT OBJECTIVES The main objectives of the project include, interalia, the followings Assess the effects of solar radiation (insolation) on solar array outputs and subsequent variations in pumpage at various locations around the province. Evaluate the performance of different types of solar energy arrays (fixed & moving) over extended periods of time under different agro-climatic conditions as the rated specifications given by manufacturers generally reflect peak performances under ideal conditions and do not accurately indicate long term performance under less than ideal or poor conditions. Compare manufacturer s specifications under less than ideal or poor conditions.

25 PROJECT OBJECTIVES Compare manufacturer s specifications under less than ideal or poor conditions. Find out pros and cons of using fixed array systems having lower cost and better stability but lower efficiency, versus solar tracking arrays which have higher efficiencies but are more expensive and difficult to maintain. Integration of solar energy pumping units with different high efficiency irrigation systems such as drip, trickle, gated pipes etc. Determine the most optimum configuration, in terms of efficiency, economic viability and reliability. Develop most optimum cropping patterns (year round) which offer maximum returns to investmentsini solar energy pumping systems.

26 PROJECT COMPONENTS The main components envisaged for proposed scheme include, interalia, the followings. Installation of 9 Solar Water Pumps at selected government farms in the province Construction of water storage tank Data collection of each site and its compilation Training / Capacity building of the operator (Field Assistant) in operation, maintenance, and management of solar water pumps Contd

27 Advantages No fuel requirement for operation A little maintenance Environmentally benign Long panel life (20 30 years) Limitations High initial capital cost Uses unfamiliar technology o DC motors o o Submersible pumps Alternator/ batteries for operating AC motors Difficulty for arranging grepair / spare parts Susceptible to theft and vandalism

28 SELECTION CRITERIA The government farm will be selected primarily on basis of following criteria Water of the farm is fit for irrigation Provide 4 acres cultivated (preferably fertile, not barren/virgin) piece of land free of cost for project activities Preferably shallow watertable Preference will be given to the farm where high efficiency irrigation system has already been installed Contd

29 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Jafar, (2000) studied that the pumping rate (flow rate, f ) depends basically on two factors: the pumping head, H, and the irradiance, I. Fig. 1 shows the dependence of theflowrateonbothheadandirradiance.eachline represents a different head. It is noted that the curves cross each other. This is attributed to the differences in the pv module efficiencies for different sets of data. The effect may also be partially caused by the differences in the actual pump characteristics at different heads.

30 Fig: 1 Effect of irradiance on Flowrate

31 SUMMARY The solar water pumping is most promising source and option for groundwater pumping at various elevations in remote areas The increasing fuel prices day by day and depletion of fossil fuel reserves is making a question mark on the reliability of diesel operated water pumping systems The shortfall of electricity in Pakistan and the decreasing capacity of current water storage reservoirs is also an alarming sign which forces the farmers to look for alternatives of the conventional water pumping options The sun shine hours are abundant enough throughout the year in The sun shine hours are abundant enough throughout the year in Pakistan; therefore, solar water pumping is a reliable option for remote areas

32 THANKS Thanks