Flammable Cryogenic Liquid Carriers
|
|
|
- Lambert Whitehead
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Flammable Cryogenic Liquid Carriers Thank You to the Seminar Sponsor Saturday, March 19, 2016 Newport County, Rhode Island, USA Seminar Provider and Host Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1
2 Agenda & Topics Morning Introduction 02 LNG Properties and Characteristics 03 LNG Hazards 04 LNG Industry overview Afternoon Interactive Work Shop 05 LNG Fuel Vessel Design and Construction 06 Fuel Tanks and Fuel Supply Systems 07 Gas Atmosphere Control and Monitoring, Venting, Inerting, unique repair hazards Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2
3 02 Physical & Chemical Properties Properties and Characteristics of LNG and natural gas Pressure and Temperature, including vapor pressure / temperature relationship Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 3
4 LNG Properties and Characteristics LNG is natural gas which has been converted to liquid form for ease of transport and storage LNG is composed of mostly methane, with ethane, propane, butane, pentane and other trace liquid gases When liquefied the natural gas volume is reduced by a factor of about 600 to 1 LNG is odorless, colorless, non-corrosive, non-flammable, and non-toxic The properties that make LNG a good source of energy can also make it hazardous if not fully contained Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 4
5 Interactive Exercise Refer to the LNG Safety Data Sheet: What is the boiling point of LNG? C (~- 160 C, varies with composition) What is the flashpoint of LNG? C What is the specific gravity of LNG? 0.45 t/m3 (varies with composition) What are the flammable limits for LNG? 5%-15% (gas, by volume in air) What is the auto ignition temperature of LNG? 537 C What is the chemical formula for methane? CH4 Based on the SDS, what are the primary hazards? Flammability, cryogenic hazard, asphyxiation Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 5
6 LNG Properties Bar -162 C Lighter than air* -188 C Minimum ignition energy: < 1mJ 5% - 15% 537 C Not much! Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 6
7 Composition of LNG Chemical Chemical Formula Low High Methane CH 4 87% 99% Ethane C 2 H 6 <1% 10% Propane C 3 H 8 >1% 5% Butane C 4 H 10 >1% >1% Nitrogen N 2 0.1% 1% Other Hydrocarbons Various Trace Trace Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7
8 Cryogenic Liquids Cryogenic fluids are gases that have been liquefied by having their temperature brought below 150 C* Common Cryogens Boiling Points: Ethane, C Ethylene, -104 C LNG (methane) -162 C Oxygen, -183 C Argon, -186 C Nitrogen, -196 C Hydrogen, -253 C Helium, -269 C LNG boiling point ~ -160 C (at atmospheric pressure, depending on composition) LNG is one of the warmer cryogens Most materials become brittle at cryogenic temperatures Steel Many plastics Rubber (i.e. gaskets) Skin Suitable materials for LNG service: Stainless Steel Nickel Steel (9% Ni, Invar, etc.) Aluminum All cryogenic liquids are gases at normal temperatures and pressures. ( Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 8
9 LNG Characteristics Like all liquid fuels, LNG in it s liquid state is not explosive and cannot burn In order to burn LNG must first be vaporized, mixed with air into the correct proportions and then ignited Vaporized LNG is NOT explosive. The flame speed is very slow (~ 6.4 kmh- the risk of unconfined Vapor Cloud Explosion is low Cold vapor is heavier than air and can form flammable mixtures in low / enclosed spots venting consideration Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 9
10 Heat of Combustion LNG burns hot, which is why it s such a great fuel Methane 1950 C Natural Gas 1960 C Propane 1980 C Gasoline 2087 C Fuel Oil ( Diesel / IFO / HFO) 2100 C But The radiant heat of an LNG fire is a safety concern of government regulators, fire and safety officials, and the public. Combustion of spilled LNG vapor clouds will involve combustion of heavies (propane, ethane and butane), adding uncertainty to thermal radiation calculations Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10
11 LNG Energy Content Energy Content: 1 gal of Diesel = ~139,000 Btu 1 Gal of LNG = ~ 82,000 Btu 1 Diesel Gal Equivalent (DGE) = 1.7 [139,000btu/82,000Btu = 1.7DGE] Energy Density: 1 gal of LNG weighs 3.8 lb 1 gal of diesel weighs 6.9 lb Pound for pound, more energy in LNG: Diesel = ~20,145 Btu/lb LNG = 21,579 Btu / lb Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 11
12 Conversions and Equivalents 1 cubic meter gas 1 cubic foot gas 1-million Btu 1 therm 1 gigajoule 1 kilowatt hour 1 cubic meter LNG 1 ton LNG The LNG Business is unit-challenged! cubic cubic foot metre gas gas million Btu therm gigajoule kilowatt hour cubic metre of LNG ton of LNG , , Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 12
13 Conversions and Equivalent Units There s an App for that! Chart, Air Products, DNV Available for iphone and Android Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 13
14 Boiling Point The Boiling Point of LNG is about C (260ºF) Boil-off Heat In-leak LNG continuously warms due to contact with the warmer surrounding environment. Vapor Liquid The continuous boiling process presents challenges in the safe storage and containment of LNG Boiling produces LNG Vapor known as boil-off gas (BOG) Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 14
15 Boiling Point of LNG Components Common components of LNG boil at widely varying temperatures: Fuel Boiling Point ( o C) Methane (Natural Gas) Ethane Propane IsoButane n-butane -1.0 IsoPentane 27.7 n-pentane 36 n-hexane 68 Composition of LNG can change as it boils if vented or consumed, it weathers Components with the lowest boiling points, nitrogen and methane, will evaporate first. Proportion of heavies increases as methane boils off Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 15
16 Flammable Range Rule 2: Don t let LNG come in contact with Air! The flammable range for Methane in air is approximately 5% to 15% Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 16
17 Density of LNG The density of LNG falls between 430 kg/m3 and 470 kg/m3 depending upon actual composition. LNG is less than half the density of water; therefore an LNG spill will always float on water. Density of MDO: 890kg/m3 Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 17
18 Relative Density of Methane Vapor Methane vapor is lighter than air at temperatures above C This makes CH4 a relatively safe gas to handle as leaks will not create puddles of flammable vapor Operators must beware of the potential for vented gas to be heavier than air initially Significant during LNG fueling, particularly in active port areas C, 1 atm C, 1 atm Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 18
19 Understanding the Gas Laws All gases have 3 quantifiable characteristics: volume, temperature, and pressure, all of which may change The Ideal Gas Law PV = nrt explains the behavior of gases when temperature, pressure and volume are changing Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 19
20 Volume V LNG Properties and Characteristics Boyle s Law: for a fixed amount of gas at a fixed temperature, the pressure and volume are inversely proportional. pv = constant Pressure increase = Volume decrease Pressure P Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 20
21 Temperature (T) LNG Fuel Properties and Characteristics Charles s Law says that for a fixed amount of gas at a fixed pressure, the volume is proportional to the temperature. V/T = constant Temperature increase = Volume increase Volume V Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 21
22 Temperature T LNG Fuel Properties and Characteristics Gay-Lussac s Law says that for a fixed amount of gas at a fixed volume, the pressure is proportional to the temperature. P/T = constant Temperature increase = Pressure increase Pressure P Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 22
23 Volume / Pressure / Temperature Relationship 1. Fixed amount, fixed temperature: Pressure increase = Volume decrease 2. Fixed amount, fixed pressure: Temperature increase = Volume increase 3. Fixed amount, fixed volume: Temperature increase = Pressure increase LNG About 600X Natural Gas Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 23
24 Saturated Vapor Pressure (SVP) The pressure exerted by a saturated vapor at a particular temperature Bubbles form and break through the surface to occupy the space above as vapor Some vapor molecules near the surface re-condense to liquid Saturation pressure is the pressure at which the liquid and vapor phase can exist in equilibrium with each other at a given temperature. As the pressure is increased so is the saturation temperature, until the critical point is reached Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 24
25 Boiling Point vs Pressure 25 Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 25
26 Temperature and Density Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 26
27 Weathering (aka Ageing ): Boil-off process of LNG changes its composition Produces a liquid with a changing heating value and density, altering the value of the LNG Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 27
28 Critical Temperature and Pressure The temperature above which the substance cannot be liquefied however great the pressure The pressure at which a substance exists in the liquid state at its critical temperature. Equal to the saturation pressure at the critical temperature. It is the pressure required to compress a gas to its liquid state at its critical temperature LNG Critical pressure: 44.7 Bar LNG Critical Temp: C C (-117 F) 44.7 bar (648 PSI) Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 28
29 Knowledge Check What are the primary components of LNG? Methane Ethane Propane Butane Nitrogen What is the molecular structure of methane? 1 carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms Can the properties of LNG change over time? Yes- boil-off can change composition, heating value and density True or False? LNG burns hotter than conventional fuels False- gasoline, diesel, propane, HFO all burn hotter Define Saturated Vapor Pressure (SVP): Liquid phase and vapor phase are in equilibrium True or False? You need nearly 2 times more LNG fuel to get the same amount of energy in diesel fuel True, LNG / diesel energy equivalent is 1.7x 29 Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 29
30 End of Section Questions? Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 30
31 References CG OES Policy Letter No , GUIDELINES FOR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS FUEL TRANSFER OPERATIONS AND TRAINING OF PERSONNEL ON VESSELS USING NATURAL GAS AS FUEL, February 19, 2015 IMO MSC 285(86), Interim Guidelines on Safety for Natural Gas-Fuelled Engine Installations in Ships, 1 June 2009 CG-521 Policy Letter DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NATURAL GAS SYSTEMS, April 19, 2012 IMO STCW.7 Circ 23, Interim Guidance on training for seafarers on board ships using gases or other low-flashpoint fuels HTW 1/17 Development of the International Code of Safety for Ships Using Gases or Low- Flashpoint Fuels (IGF Code) IMO CCC 1/13/Add.1., Annex 4, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL CODE OF SAFETY FOR SHIPS USING GASES OR OTHER LOW-FLASHPOINT FUELS (IGF CODE) ISO TS Jan 2015, Guidelines for systems and installations for supply of LNG as fuel to ships Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 31
32 References (continued) ISGOTT 5th Edition SIGTTO Liquefied Gas Handling Principles on Ships and in Terminals, 3 rd Edition 2000 SIGTTO LNG Drip Trays Guidance SIGTTO Guidance for the Prevention of Rollover in LNG Ships Contents SIGTTO LNG Transfer Arms and Manifold Draining, Purging and Disconnection Procedure SIGTTO Use of Insulation Flanges (and Electrically Discontinuous Hoses) at the Ship/Shore and Ship/Ship Interface ABS Guide for PROPULSION AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS FOR GAS FUELED SHIPS (May 2011, updated February 2014) ABS Bunkering of Liquefied Natural Gas-fueled Marine Vessels in North America 2ND EDITION Copyright 2016 United States Maritime Resource Center, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 32
Molar Mass of Butane
Cautions Butane is toxic and flammable. No OPEN Flames should be used in this experiment. Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to determine the molar mass of butane using Dalton s Law of Partial Pressures
Gas Laws. The kinetic theory of matter states that particles which make up all types of matter are in constant motion.
Name Period Gas Laws Kinetic energy is the energy of motion of molecules. Gas state of matter made up of tiny particles (atoms or molecules). Each atom or molecule is very far from other atoms or molecules.
Crowley LNG. Puget Sound Harbor Safety Committee June 3 rd, 2015. Matthew Sievert Director Business Development LNG
Crowley LNG Puget Sound Harbor Safety Committee June 3 rd, 2015 Matthew Sievert Director Business Development LNG Company Profile Crowley was founded in 1892. Largest US Jones Act Co. Focusing on Marine
Basic Properties of LNG
LNG Information Paper No. 1 Basic Properties of LNG GIIGNL s Technical Study Group has overseen the development of this Information Series of seven papers to provide factual information about Liquefied
Natural Gas Information Contents
Natural Gas Information Contents What is natural gas Natural Gas Components Physical Properties of Natural Gas Different Forms of Natural Gas The Use of Natural Gas Co-generation System Natural Gas and
LNG SAFETY MYTHS and LEGENDS
LNG SAFETY MYTHS and LEGENDS Doug Quillen ChevronTexaco Corp. Natural Gas Technology Investment in a Healthy U.S. Energy Future May 14-15, 2002 Houston Introduction North America is Becoming the Focal
THE HUMIDITY/MOISTURE HANDBOOK
THE HUMIDITY/MOISTURE HANDBOOK Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Relative Humidity... 3 Partial Pressure... 4 Saturation Pressure (Ps)... 5 Other Absolute Moisture Scales... 8 % Moisture by Volume (%M
PIPELINE EMERGENCIES. Chapter 5 Gas Pipeline Operations. Michael Callan
PIPELINE EMERGENCIES Gas Pipeline Operations Michael Callan Gas Pipeline Operations Objectives a) Describe The Following Physical Properties And Explain Their Significance In The Risk Assessment Process
How To Stop A Gas Leak
Natural Gas / Propane Emergencies Probationary Firefighter Academy Properties of Natural Gas / Propane Natural Gas and Propane are gaseous fossil fuels Natural Gas is primarily Methane(CH 4 ) Propane is
Vehicle Maintenance Facilities Requirements for CNG and LNG Vehicles
Vehicle Maintenance Facilities Requirements for CNG and LNG Vehicles Presented by: Leo Thomason Executive Director Natural Gas Vehicle Institute (NGVi) at NFPA Conference and Expo, June 11, 2014 Leo Thomason
SECTION 1: GENERAL INFORMATION
Part 1B: Physical Chemical Properties of Selected Fuels SECTION 1: GENERAL INFORMATION DOT Number UN 1049 UN 1966 CH 4 8399%; C 2H 6 113% UN 1971 UN 1075 UN 1978 C 4C 12 C 8C 25 UN 1230 UN 1170 UN 1203
Natural Gas Emergencies
Natural Gas Emergencies Purpose To protect the personnel within the department, and citizens from the hazards involved in a natural gas emergency. The Incident Commander is to use his/her best judgment
CHEMISTRY GAS LAW S WORKSHEET
Boyle s Law Charles Law Guy-Lassac's Law Combined Gas Law For a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure PV = k The volume of a fixed mass of gas is
LNG Storage and Fuel Gas Systems. LNG: Fuel for Shipping, London 15-Feb-2011. Carriers & Offshore Units. Jürgen Harperscheidt Sales Manager
LNG Storage and Fuel Gas Systems LNG: Fuel for Shipping, London 15-Feb-2011 Carriers & Offshore Units Jürgen Harperscheidt Sales Manager CONTENT TGE Company Profile Small LNG carriers Bunkering LNG fuel
The Basics of Natural Gas
264 Natural Gas: What You Should Know Don MacBride Click to insert presenters Thursday, March 29, 1:15 to 2:15 p.m. Click to insert session day, date and time The Basics of Natural Gas Presented by: Don
At the temperature of liquid hydrogen, however, 99.8% of the hydrogen molecules will be in the para form.
1 ydrogen What is hydrogen? ydrogen is one of the elements, as are helium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, sodium, aluminum, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, iron, nickel, copper zinc, silver, platinum, gold,
Safety issues of hydrogen in vehicles Frano Barbir Energy Partners 1501 Northpoint Pkwy, #102 West Palm Beach, FL 33407, U.S.A.
Safety issues of hydrogen in vehicles Frano Barbir Energy Partners 1501 Northpoint Pkwy, #102 West Palm Beach, FL 33407, U.S.A. Properties of hydrogen Hydrogen is an odorless, colorless gas. With molecular
LNG Fuel Gas Infrastructure from terminal to onboard system The Motorship Gas-fuelled Ships 12 to 14-Sep-2012, Bergen
LNG Fuel Gas Infrastructure from terminal to onboard system The Motorship Gas-fuelled Ships 12 to 14-Sep-2012, Bergen Content Short Company Introduction Small LNGC and LNG tanks Terminals and distribution
PROPULSION AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS FOR GAS FUELED SHIPS
Guide for Propulsion and Auxiliary Systems for Gas Fueled Ships GUIDE FOR PROPULSION AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS FOR GAS FUELED SHIPS MAY 2015 American Bureau of Shipping Incorporated by Act of Legislature of
11.6 Formulas to be used when changing atmosphere in an tank
11.6 Formulas to be used when changing atmosphere in an tank There are some formulas that we can use to calculate the consumption of nitrogen or inert for changing atmosphere in tanks and the time to be
Chemistry 13: States of Matter
Chemistry 13: States of Matter Name: Period: Date: Chemistry Content Standard: Gases and Their Properties The kinetic molecular theory describes the motion of atoms and molecules and explains the properties
COMBUSTION. In order to operate a heat engine we need a hot source together with a cold sink
COMBUSTION In order to operate a heat engine we need a hot source together with a cold sink Occasionally these occur together in nature eg:- geothermal sites or solar powered engines, but usually the heat
F321 MOLES. Example If 1 atom has a mass of 1.241 x 10-23 g 1 mole of atoms will have a mass of 1.241 x 10-23 g x 6.02 x 10 23 = 7.
Moles 1 MOLES The mole the standard unit of amount of a substance (mol) the number of particles in a mole is known as Avogadro s constant (N A ) Avogadro s constant has a value of 6.02 x 10 23 mol -1.
LNG BUNKERING LNG AS A SHIP S FUEL GREEN SHIP TECHNOLOGY, OSLO 23-MAR-2011. Carriers & Offshore Units. Jürgen Harperscheidt Sales Manager
LNG BUNKERING LNG AS A SHIP S FUEL GREEN SHIP TECHNOLOGY, OSLO 23-MAR-2011 Carriers & Offshore Units Jürgen Harperscheidt Sales Manager CONTENT TGE Company Profile Small LNG carriers as part of a bunkering
CHAPTER 12. Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory
CHAPTER 12 Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory 1 Gases vs. Liquids & Solids Gases Weak interactions between molecules Molecules move rapidly Fast diffusion rates Low densities Easy to compress Liquids
The Gas Laws. Our Atmosphere. Pressure = Units of Pressure. Barometer. Chapter 10
Our Atmosphere The Gas Laws 99% N 2 and O 2 78% N 2 80 70 Nitrogen Chapter 10 21% O 2 1% CO 2 and the Noble Gases 60 50 40 Oxygen 30 20 10 0 Gas Carbon dioxide and Noble Gases Pressure Pressure = Force
Gas Detection for Refining. HA University
Gas Detection for Refining HA University Refinery Process and Detection Needs Refining i Crude Oil Final Products Coke Asphalt Waxes, Lubricating Oils and Greases Kerosene, Jet Fuel, Diesel Fuel, Home
Temperature. Number of moles. Constant Terms. Pressure. Answers Additional Questions 12.1
Answers Additional Questions 12.1 1. A gas collected over water has a total pressure equal to the pressure of the dry gas plus the pressure of the water vapor. If the partial pressure of water at 25.0
Specific Volume of Liquid (Column 7). The volume per unit of mass in cubic feet per pound.
Steam Tables What They Are How to Use Them The heat quantities and temperature/ pressure relationships referred to in this Handbook are taken from the Properties of Saturated Steam table. Definitions of
Clean Abundant and Economical Natural Gas
Clean Abundant and Economical Natural Gas 1 Fast fill/public Access CNG Station Typical costs are $1.5 million per station as shown 2 Time Fill Private CNG Station Time Fill Post Dispensers K rail Compressors
Gaseous hydrogen. Safetygram 4
Safetygram 4 Gaseous hydrogen Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, highly flammable gas. It is also the lightest-weight gas. Since hydrogen is noncorrosive, special materials of construction are
Standards and Guidelines for Natural Gas Fuelled Ship Projects
Standards and Guidelines for Natural Gas Fuelled Ship Projects Photo courtesy of Wartsila This document was produced by the LNG Ship Fuel Safety Advisory Group and published on its behalf by The Society
H 3 C CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3. Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 1: Organic Compounds 1.1-1
Section 1.1: Alkanes Mini Investigation: Arranging Carbon Atoms, page 10 A. Three different molecules of C 5 H 12 are possible. B. Five arrangements are possible for C 6 H 14, as predicted: H 3 C CH 2
AS1 MOLES. oxygen molecules have the formula O 2 the relative mass will be 2 x 16 = 32 so the molar mass will be 32g mol -1
Moles 1 MOLES The mole the standard unit of amount of a substance the number of particles in a mole is known as Avogadro s constant (L) Avogadro s constant has a value of 6.023 x 10 23 mol -1. Example
Phys222 W11 Quiz 1: Chapters 19-21 Keys. Name:
Name:. In order for two objects to have the same temperature, they must a. be in thermal equilibrium.
LNG Frequently Asked Questions 1
LNG Frequently Asked Questions 1 What is LNG? Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is natural gas cooled to a liquid state. When natural gas is cooled to a temperature of approximately -256 F at atmospheric pressure,
LNG AS A MARINE FUEL POSSIBILITIES AND PROBLEMS
Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 18, No. 2 2011 LNG AS A MARINE FUEL POSSIBILITIES AND PROBLEMS Jerzy Herdzik Gdynia Maritime University Marine Power Plant Department Morska Street 81-87,
LNG as Ship Fuel. Effects on Ship Design, Operations and Supporting Infrastructure
LNG as Ship Fuel Effects on Ship Design, Operations and Supporting Infrastructure New Technologies for the Marine Highway TRB Marine Highways Committee (AW010(1)) January 14, 2013 LNG as a Ship s Fuel
HSE information sheet. Fire and explosion hazards in offshore gas turbines. Offshore Information Sheet No. 10/2008
HSE information sheet Fire and explosion hazards in offshore gas turbines Offshore Information Sheet No. 10/2008 Contents Introduction.. 2 Background of gas turbine incidents in the UK offshore sector...2
FIRE,FIREFIGHTING & FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT
FIRE,FIREFIGHTING & FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT 1 1. Elements of Fire: The process combustion of fire may be regarded as a chemical triangle in its three side consisting of fuel, heat and oxygen. The control
CHEM 120 Online Chapter 7
CHEM 120 Online Chapter 7 Date: 1. Which of the following statements is not a part of kinetic molecular theory? A) Matter is composed of particles that are in constant motion. B) Particle velocity increases
Fluid & Gas Properties
Fluid & Gas Properties FLUID DENSITY Density is the ratio of mass to volume. In English, units density is expressed in pounds mass/cubic foot (lbm/ft 3 ). The symbol for density is ρ. Density is usually
Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous & Explosive Chemicals. Application, Exclusions & Definitions
Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous & Explosive Chemicals Application, Exclusions & Definitions Application 1910.119(a)(i) A process which involves a chemical at or above the specified threshold
83 to 87% carbon 11-15% hydrogen 0.1-7% sulphur 0.06-1.5% oxygen 0.1-0.5% nitrogen
Petroleum chemistry rude is the name for a liquid mixture of different hydrocarbon connections found in the earth. Petroleum, strictly speaking is crude oil, but it is used to describe all kinds of hydrocarbons.
Thermodynamics and Equilibrium
Chapter 19 Thermodynamics and Equilibrium Concept Check 19.1 You have a sample of 1.0 mg of solid iodine at room temperature. Later, you notice that the iodine has sublimed (passed into the vapor state).
Gas Laws. vacuum. 760 mm. air pressure. mercury
Gas Laws Some chemical reactions take place in the gas phase and others produce products that are gases. We need a way to measure the quantity of compounds in a given volume of gas and relate that to moles.
Specimen Paper. Chemistry 1F. Time allowed! 60 minutes
Centre Number Surname Candidate Number Specimen Paper For Examiner s Use Other Names Candidate Signature Examiner s Initials General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier Question 1 Mark Science
The paper addresses the boil-off in the cryogenic industry and details the specifics of it when applied to vehicle LNG tanks.
What is Boil-off? Scope... 1 Boil-off in the cryogenic industry... 1... 1 Measures for boil-off... 2 LNG vehicle tanks... 2 Boil-off for the vehicle LNG Tank... 2 Heat management and types of fuel delivery
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF MATTER
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF MATTER The kinetic-molecular theory is based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion. The theory can be used to explain the properties of solids, liquids,
Propane and Natural Gas Safety
Rialto Fire Department Fire and Life Safety Tips August 2010 Propane and Natural Gas Safety If you smell Propane or Natural Gas leave area immediately and call 911 U.S. fire departments responded to an
Guidelines for systems and installations for supply of LNG as fuel to ships
Reference number of document: OGP Draft 118683 Date: 2013-06-04 Secretariat: OGP Guidelines for systems and installations for supply of LNG as fuel to ships French title (not required) Disclaimer Whilst
Chapter 4. Chemical Energy
hapter 4 hemical Energy Perhaps the most convenient form in which to store energy is chemical energy. The foods we eat, combined with the oxygen we breathe, store energy that our bodies extract and convert
Quebec Quebec Tel : 418-834-7447 Fax : 418-834-3774 MSDS: Hexane, Isopentane, Isobutane, Butane, Propane in Ethane PRODUCT INFORMATION
Tel: 514-956-7503 Fax: 514-956-7504 Internet: www.megs.ca Email : support@megs.ca Montreal Ottawa St-Laurent Nepean Tel : 514-956-7503 Tel : 613-226-4228 Fax : 514-956-7504 Fax : 613-226-4229 Quebec Quebec
BTU ANALYSIS USING A GAS CHROMATOGRAPH
BTU ANALYSIS USING A GAS CHROMATOGRAPH By Joseph E. Landes Southern Petroleum Laboratories, Inc. Technical Director Hydrocarbon and Field Services 8820 Interchange Drive Houston, Texas 77054 Introduction
THE PROPANE TECHNICAL POCKET GUIDE
THE PROPANE TECHNICAL POCKET GUIDE The Propane Technical Pocket Guide The Propane Technical Pocket Guide is intended to be a general reference of information on preparing for the installation of propane
Balancing chemical reaction equations (stoichiometry)
Balancing chemical reaction equations (stoichiometry) This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET. PRODUCT IDENTIFIER Carbon Dioxide, Refrigerated Liquid
SECTION I- Product Information* MANUFACTURER: EPCO Carbon Dioxide Products, Inc. OFFICE PHONE: 1-800-259-3726 24-HOUR EMERGENCY: 1-800-259-8095 SHIPPING NAME: Carbon Dioxide, Refrigerated Liquid UN NUMBER:
Chapter 10. Can You... 1. draw the Lewis structure for a given covalently bonded molecule?
Chapter 10 Can You... 1. draw the Lewis structure for a given covalently bonded molecule? e.g. SF 6 and CH 3 Cl 2. identify and count the number of non-bonding and bonding domains within a given covalently
Liquid helium. Safetygram 22
Safetygram 22 Liquid helium Liquid helium is inert, colorless, odorless, noncorrosive, extremely cold, and nonflammable. Helium will not react with other elements or compounds under ordinary conditions.
Building an LNG driven vessel. LNG developments at Meyer Werft Viking Grace 18_09_2013
1 Building an LNG driven vessel LNG developments at Meyer Werft Viking Grace 18_09_2013 Berufsbildung 13.09.2013 2 Meyer Werft Papenburg MEYER WERFT is a company with tradition, which started operations
Quebec Quebec Tel : 418-834-7447 Fax : 418-834-3774 MSDS: P10 (10% Methane in Argon) PRODUCT INFORMATION
Tel: 514-956-7503 Fax: 514-956-7504 Internet: www.megs.ca Email : support@megs.ca Montreal Ottawa St-Laurent Nepean Tel : 514-956-7503 Tel : 613-226-4228 Fax : 514-956-7504 Fax : 613-226-4229 Quebec Quebec
Nonrenewable Natural Gas. Natural Gas Basics. How Was Natural Gas Formed?
Did You Know? Because natural gas is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, mercaptan (a chemical that smells like sulfur) is added before distribution, to give it a distinct unpleasant odor (it smells like
Key Technologies of Mitsubishi LNG Carriers - Present and Future -
47 Key Technologies of Mitsubishi LNG Carriers - Present and Future - Kazuaki Yuasa* 1 Katsuya Uwatoko* 1 Junshiro Ishimaru* 2 CO2 emission control is recognized as the essential issue related to the greenhouse
THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES
Chapter 19: THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES 1. Evidence that a gas consists mostly of empty space is the fact that: A. the density of a gas becomes much greater when it is liquefied B. gases exert pressure
Lecture 35: Atmosphere in Furnaces
Lecture 35: Atmosphere in Furnaces Contents: Selection of atmosphere: Gases and their behavior: Prepared atmospheres Protective atmospheres applications Atmosphere volume requirements Atmosphere sensors
EXPERIMENT 15: Ideal Gas Law: Molecular Weight of a Vapor
EXPERIMENT 15: Ideal Gas Law: Molecular Weight of a Vapor Purpose: In this experiment you will use the ideal gas law to calculate the molecular weight of a volatile liquid compound by measuring the mass,
FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS System: Quantity of matter (constant mass) or region in space (constant volume) chosen for study. Closed system: Can exchange energy but not mass; mass is constant
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
Test 1 General Chemistry CH116 Summer, 2012 University of Massachusetts, Boston Name ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 1) Sodium hydride reacts with excess
Rusty Walker, Corporate Trainer Hill PHOENIX
Refrigeration 101 Rusty Walker, Corporate Trainer Hill PHOENIX Compressor Basic Refrigeration Cycle Evaporator Condenser / Receiver Expansion Device Vapor Compression Cycle Cooling by the removal of heat
How To Build An Lng Fuel Tank Container
Marine LNG Fuel Tank Container An Introduction Marine Service GmbH Hamburg, January 2014 LNG Fuel Tank Container 2 Agenda Introduction Marine Service GmbH LNG Fuel Tank Container LNG Fuel Tank Container
Bakken Crude Oil & Response Considerations. Objectives
Bakken Crude Oil & Response Considerations UNITED STATES EPA Region 10 Emergency Management Program December 2014 NWEC Meeting Portland, Oregon Objectives Using EPA Bakken preparedness case study, objective
TANKER - SHORE SAFETY CHECK-LIST
TANKE - SHOE SAFETY CHECK-LIST Part A - Bulk Liquid General - Physical Checks Bulk Liquid - General Tanker Terminal Code emarks 1 There is safe access between the tanker and shore. L1 The fendering arrangements
Compressed Gas Cylinder Storage and Handling Guide
Overview Compressed gas cylinders are used in many workplaces to store gases that vary from extremely flammable (acetylene) to extremely inert (helium). Many compressed gas cylinders are stored at extremely
Andrii Oliinyk**, Mariusz aciak* SAFETY TECHNICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE STORAGE OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG)
AGH DRILLING, OIL, GAS Vol. 30 No. 1 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/drill.2013.30.1.181 Andrii Oliinyk**, Mariusz aciak* SAFETY TECHNICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE STORAGE OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG)
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET PRODUCT IDENTIFIER: DRY ICE I PRODUCT INFORMATION SHIPPING NAME: Dry Ice CHEMICAL NAME: Carbon Dioxide, UN #: 1845 CAS NO.: 124-38-91 Solid MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 44.01 CHEMICAL FAMILY;
GAS EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS INERT GAS EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS. Argotec Liquid Argon Gas Extinguishing Technology (LAR)
GAS EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS INERT GAS EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS Argotec Liquid Argon Gas Extinguishing Technology (LAR) INNOVATION modern technologie snuffed out cold Argotec liquid argon gas ex tinguishing
Exam 4 Practice Problems false false
Exam 4 Practice Problems 1 1. Which of the following statements is false? a. Condensed states have much higher densities than gases. b. Molecules are very far apart in gases and closer together in liquids
= 1.038 atm. 760 mm Hg. = 0.989 atm. d. 767 torr = 767 mm Hg. = 1.01 atm
Chapter 13 Gases 1. Solids and liquids have essentially fixed volumes and are not able to be compressed easily. Gases have volumes that depend on their conditions, and can be compressed or expanded by
CHEMISTRY. Matter and Change. Section 13.1 Section 13.2 Section 13.3. The Gas Laws The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry
CHEMISTRY Matter and Change 13 Table Of Contents Chapter 13: Gases Section 13.1 Section 13.2 Section 13.3 The Gas Laws The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry State the relationships among pressure, temperature,
Alkanes. Chapter 1.1
Alkanes Chapter 1.1 Organic Chemistry The study of carbon-containing compounds and their properties What s so special about carbon? Carbon has 4 bonding electrons. Thus, it can form 4 strong covalent bonds
IMO FORMAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT. FSA Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Carriers Details of the Formal Safety Assessment. Submitted by Denmark
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION E IMO MARITIME SAFETY COMMITTEE 83rd session Agenda item 21 MSC 83/INF.3 3 July 2007 ENGLISH ONLY FORMAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT FSA Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Carriers Details
16715 CG-OES Policy Letter No. 01-15
Subj: GUIDELINES FOR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS FUEL TRANSFER OPERATIONS AND TRAINING OF PERSONNEL ON VESSELS USING NATURAL GAS AS FUEL 16715 CG-OES Policy Letter No. 01-15 of LNG as fuel is a relatively new
Emergency Response Guide
Emergency Response Guide Honda Fuel Cell Vehicle Prepared for Fire Service, Law Enforcement, Emergency Medical, and Professional Towing Personnel by American Honda Motor Co., Inc. Contents Key Components...2
Chapter Test A. States of Matter MULTIPLE CHOICE. a fixed amount of STAs2 a. a solid. b. a liquid. c. a gas. d. any type of matter.
Assessment Chapter Test A States of Matter MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. 1. Boyle s law explains the relationship between volume and pressure for a fixed
UCLA - Compressed Gas Cylinder Storage and Handling
UCLA - Compressed Gas Cylinder Storage and Handling Purpose UCLA is committed to provide safety guidelines concerning the handling and use of portable compressed gas cylinders. Compressed gases represent
Chapter 5 - Aircraft Welding
Chapter 5 - Aircraft Welding Chapter 5 Section A Study Aid Questions Fill in the Blanks 1. There are 3 types of welding:, and, welding. 2. The oxy acetylene flame, with a temperature of Fahrenheit is produced
= 800 kg/m 3 (note that old units cancel out) 4.184 J 1000 g = 4184 J/kg o C
Units and Dimensions Basic properties such as length, mass, time and temperature that can be measured are called dimensions. Any quantity that can be measured has a value and a unit associated with it.
Questar Safety Data Sheet
Page 1 1. Product and Company Identification Product Name: Natural Gas (with and without the addition of an odorant) Synonyms: Methane; NG (CNG when compressed) UN Number: 1971 Recommended Use: Fuel Gas
Methane in Air 0.0001% to 2.5%
Kele part# GAS-CH4-2.5 Emergency Contact: Chemtrec (800) 424-9300 Or rco (208) 336-1643 1125 West Amity Road Boise, ID 83705 (208) 336-1643 Methane in Air 0.0001% to 2.5% M A T E R I A L S A F E T Y D
CHEM 105 HOUR EXAM III 28-OCT-99. = -163 kj/mole determine H f 0 for Ni(CO) 4 (g) = -260 kj/mole determine H f 0 for Cr(CO) 6 (g)
CHEM 15 HOUR EXAM III 28-OCT-99 NAME (please print) 1. a. given: Ni (s) + 4 CO (g) = Ni(CO) 4 (g) H Rxn = -163 k/mole determine H f for Ni(CO) 4 (g) b. given: Cr (s) + 6 CO (g) = Cr(CO) 6 (g) H Rxn = -26
ASimple Guide to Oil Refining
ASimple Guide to Oil Refining We all know that motor oil and gasoline come from crude oil. What many people do not realize is that crude oil is also the starting point for many diverse products such as
Chapter 4: Transfer of Thermal Energy
Chapter 4: Transfer of Thermal Energy Goals of Period 4 Section 4.1: To define temperature and thermal energy Section 4.2: To discuss three methods of thermal energy transfer. Section 4.3: To describe
HAVE A BLAST FINDING MOLAR MASS An Ideal Gas Experiment. Contents:
EXPERIMENT 4 HAVE A BLAST FINDING MOLAR MASS An Ideal Gas Experiment Contents: Pages 2-8: Teachers Guide Pages 9-11: Student Handout ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The creation of this experiment and its support materials
=.03% CO2 10/4/2012. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Safety. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Safety. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Safety. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Safety
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Safety Training Topics we ll cover General properties and uses of CO2 Potential risks of exposure and symptoms Handling, storage, and equipment safety features Safety considerations
Air Eliminators and Combination Air Eliminators Strainers
Description Air Eliminators and Combination Air Eliminator Strainers are designed to provide separation, elimination and prevention of air in piping systems for a variety of installations and conditions.
Carefully to Carry. The carriage of liquefied gases. Ethylene carriers LNG
Carefully to Carry The carriage of liquefied gases Introduction The renewed interest in gas, which started in the 1990s due to its excellent environmental credentials, has seen an increase in the order
A Job Safety Execution Plan is required. mixtures of the above called, natural gas liquids (NGL's) refined products and their components
TITLE Pipelines and Terminals Manual/Volume 3 - SECTION 02: SUBJECT 20: PURPOSE AND SCOPE During the normal lifetime of a pipeline it becomes necessary to add or remove piping, modify existing piping or
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - Air-Compressed
1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME: CHEMICAL NAME: CHEMICAL FAMILY: SYNONYMS: CHEMICAL FORMULA: USE: NAME AND ADDRESS: Air, compressed Air Nonflammable gas Medical Air, Breathing Air, Compressed
Economic and Social Council
From: André Rijnders Organisation: GFV To : Jeffrey Seisler Secretariat of the informal Group Contact person: André Rijnders Regulation addressed: Regulation 110 Date : 6 June 2013 Issue addressed LNG
OIL INDUSTRY CONVERSIONS
OIL INDUSTRY CONVERSIONS Crude petroleum, and the refined products made from crude oil, are normally measured either by volume in gallons and US barrels, or by weight in tons or tonnes. The relationship