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1 IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making Integrated Decision-making Process for PSA Applications Spanish Experience Lecturer Lesson Lesson IV IV 3_11.8 3_11.8 Workshop Information IAEA Workshop City, XX XX - City -XX, Country Month, Year Year
2 Contents Overview IDP definition PSA applications with IDP. Spanish experience RI-IST RI-ISI AOT extension Maintenance Rule The GADE panel in Cofrentes NPP Conclusions IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 2
3 Overview Integrated Decision-making Process (IDP) plays a key role in the new trends of Risk-informed regulation. The use of a ID Panel is basic to the process IDP has been proven in Licensing Basis changes request and approval The pioneer PSA applications and Maintenance Rule Implementation recognised the need of a blend between deterministic and probabilistic approaches IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 3
4 IDP Definition NUMARC (Maintenance Rule Guidelines) suggested the use of PSA insights by a panel of individuals experienced in PSA, Operations and Maintenance EPRI s PSA Applications Guide (1995) presented a Decisions Criteria chapter that was not yet a formal process IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 4
5 IDP Definition NRC staff to the ACRS (1996) stated the key elements of an Integrated Decision Making Process: Decision supported by both deterministic & probabilistic assessments Conflicts among conclusions must be explained and resolved Current rules and regulations are to be complied with Performance feedback and monitoring are essential elements of the process IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 5
6 IDP Definition Risk findings must support the conclusions by: Numerical criteria for risk impact (Regions map) Qualitative arguments if application is not able to be quantified Robustness demonstrated through sensitivity studies and importance measures NUREG-1602 introduces Risk-informed decision-making IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 6
7 IDP Definition Reg. Guide (July/1998): Risk-informed, integrated decision making process under 5 principles: Current regulations meeting Defence-in-depth is maintained Small increases in risk Safety margins are maintained Performance-based implementation & monitoring strategies IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 7
8 IDP Principles Defence-in-depth is maintained Current Regulations meeting INTEGRATED DECISION MAKING Safety margins are maintained Performance based implementation & monitoring strategies Small increases in risk IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 8
9 IDP Definition The four elements approach Define the proposed change Perform engineering analysis Traditional analysis PSA analysis Define implementation and monitoring program Submit proposed change Back to 20 IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 9
10 The four elements IDP approach Traditional analysis PSA Define change Perform engineering analysis Perform engineering analysis Submit proposed change IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 10
11 IDP Definition SRP Chapter 19: The acceptability of proposed changes should be evaluated by the licensee in an integrated fashion that ensures that all principles are met One important element of integrated decision making can be the use of an expert panel. Such a panel is not a necessary component but when used, the key principles and associated decision criteria still apply In Spain, a guideline has been issued for PSA applications as a consensus among CSN and industry IDP is there recommended for PSA applications IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 11
12 Spanish PSA Applications with IDP Examples In-service testing In-service inspection DG AOT extension Maintenance Rule implementation IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 12
13 Risk-informed informed IST Objective: Optimisation of test intervals for pumps and valves under IST programme, informed by risk and based on performance IDP principles: Current regulations: All the regulations are met, excepted for those regarding the test time intervals Defence-in-depth: The seven attributes are assessed IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 13
14 Defence-in in-depth philosophy Prevention-mitigation balance is preserved No excessive reliance on programmed activities to compensate for plant weaknesses System redundancy, independence and diversity are preserved Defence against common cause failures: preservation and avoiding new mechanisms Independence of barriers not degraded Defence against human errors The intent of design criteria is maintained IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 14
15 Risk-informed informed IST IDP principles (cont d): Risk assessment: PSA Scope, level of detail & quality proved. Three categories (HSS, PSS, LSS) based on F-V and RAW measures. Qualitative assessment to compensate quantitative assessment limitations. Sensitivity analysis. IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 15
16 Risk-informed informed IST IDP principles (cont d): Safety margins: test methods and acceptance criteria are not modified all safety functions evaluated comparison with other programmes compensatory measures when required progressive implementation IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 16
17 Risk-informed informed IST IDP principles (cont d): Implementation, monitoring & corrective actions: Historical performance review. Programme proposal: overall risk evaluation. Progressive implementation. Compensatory measures adopted for PSS. Performance monitoring & corrective actions procedure. IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 17
18 Risk-informed informed IST Experts panel role Comment and confirm categorisation process. Review sensitivity studies Review historical performance data Confirm consistency with Maintenance Rule results Define new test strategies for LSS and PSS components Review the final overall risk study Define an augmented programme for HSS non-asme XI Define a transient RI-IST programme Review the Final Report issue IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 18
19 Risk-informed informed ISI Objective: Optimise inspection intervals for piping under In-service Inspection programme (Class 1, 2 & 3 ASME XI) A Spanish RI-ISI Guideline developed with two pilot applications (PWR & BWR) Back to 24 IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 19
20 Risk-informed informed ISI IDP elements: Go to 9 Risk assessment: Failure probabilities are estimated with probabilistic structural mechanic methods. Required info: Go to 22 Categorisation of segments into more safety significant and less safety significant, by applying risk importance measures and deterministic insights IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 20
21 Risk Categorisation Identification of an initiating event, or a basic event or group of events, modelled in PSA, with a failure with the same effects as the analysed segment. Calculation of the CCDP/CLERP with the component failed. Achievement of the CDF/LERF for each segment, using the CCDP/CLERP and the failure probabilities. Addition of all the segments contributions to obtain the CDF/CLERF due exclusively to pressure boundary failures With these measures, is performed the initial piping segments classification. High safety significant Risk Reduction Worth > 1,005 Less safety significant RRW<1,001 Plant Expert Panel 1,001<RRW<1,005 IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 21
22 Failure Probability Assessment Required Information GENERAL INFORMATION. - Degradation mechanisms, - Material characteristics and - Design conditions. IN SERVICE INSPECTION INFORMATION. - Type of IS Inspection, - Type and quality of PSI, - Failures found, - Hydrostatic proof identification (if performed), - Radiographic inspections (if performed) Back to 20 IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 22
23 Failure Probability Assessment Required Information STRESS INFORMATION. - Identification of thermal fatigue, - Vibration fatigue, - Residual stress level, - Normal operating pressure, - High and low cycle fatigue loads, - External loads SCC PARAMETERS. - O 2 concentration, - Conductivity, - Material sensitivity IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 23
24 Failure Probability Assessment Required Information SNUBBERS. - Type of snubber, - Historical flaw data, and - Failure effects on the segment. FLOW DATA. - Minimum leak which disables the safety function - Minimum observable leak. Go to 19 IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 24
25 Risk-informed informed ISI To select the new sample size, the pipe segments are categorized in a Segment Matrix HIGH FAILURE POTENTIAL LOW FAILURE POTENTIAL REGION 3 Inspection requirements established by the Plant REGION 4 Visual Exams and Pressure tests REGION 1A 100% Inspection. REGION 1B Method Selection REGION 2 Method Selection. LOW SAFETY SIGNIFICANT SEGMENTS HIGH SAFETY SIGNIFICANT SEGMENTS IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 25
26 Risk-informed informed ISI Experts panel Two different Panels for this specific application Technical ISI Panel (only inspection, materials & engineering people): Decisions within the ISI field Plant Experts Panel (inspection, operations, licensing, PSA, people): Decision makers IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 26
27 Risk-informed informed ISI Experts panel role: Assess failure mechanisms identified for each segment Define /validate items of welding to be quantified Validate PSA assumptions Assess operating experience Obtain a final categorisation Select items of welding to be under the ISI programme scope Defines the RI-ISI programme Assess the overall risk impact Final validation/approval IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 27
28 DG AOT Extension Objective: extend allowed outage time for DGs from 3 days to 14 days. IDP elements: Risk assessment: PSA Scope, level of detail & quality proved. No ranking; comparison among current and future situation under given assumptions; simple and cumulative risk are compared to acceptance criteria. Qualitative assessment to compensate quant. assessment limitations. Sensitivity analysis. IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 28
29 DG AOT Extension Experts Panel not required for IDP Plant personnel interaction still required for IDP: Maintenance practices Historical logs interpretation Test requirement fulfilment Other IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 29
30 Maintenance Rule Implementation Experts Panel role: Composition: Operations, maintenance, systems engineering, licensing, PSA, nuclear safety, QA. Scope validation, proposed by engineering service Determination of risk significant system function at every plant mode of operation At power operation risk: the Panel completes the PSA input according to a structured analysis (Delphi method) Determination of Performance Criteria, proposed by PSA Supervises the whole process IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 30
31 Maintenance Rule Monitoring & updating panel: Different people and functions: operations, PSA, licensing and all maintenance specialities More focused on equipment trouble tracking and solving. Root cause analysis PSA still involved in the process IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 31
32 Monitoring in Cofrentes NPP In Cofrentes NPP a data panel has been set up: GADE Function: Assess plant events from all points of view and determines effect in each area: PSA, Maintenance Rule, DACNE (Spanish failure and unavailability data bank), IST and other. Supply with inputs for updating & monitoring tasks IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 32
33 Monitoring in Cofrentes NPP Operations and Maintenance logs are periodically reviewed. Panel members are common to MR Panel GADE work is under a specific plant procedure IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 33
34 Conclusions IDP is a cornerstone for PSA applications success IDP is to be under procedure as any plant process, including Experts Panel meetings In the future, IDP could imply a huge responsibility for Expert Panel members. Management involvement and full support is required IDP is also basic for future Risk-Informed Regulation IAEA Training Course on Safety Assessment of NPPs to Assist Decision Making 34
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