Brushless DC. Brush DC. Stepper. Gearhead. Encoder

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1 Brushless DC Brush DC Stepper Gearhead Encoder

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3 Table of Contents BRUSHLESS DC BRUSH DC STEPPER TURBODISC STEPPER CANSTACK STEPPER CANSTACK VECTOR STEPPER HYBRID GEARHEAD Encoders Drives & Electronics

4 What s New? Portescap is committed to helping our customers find new ways to win. We maintain our core values by listening to our customers, pursuing continuous improvement in all that we do and the motors we design, and driving excellence and innovation. What s Exciting? Portescap and our customers have been compiling a growing list of success stories in a breadth of industry categories around the world. Portescap has provided the right power in small places in a variety of applications, including medical, civil aviation, HVAC&R, aerospace and security and access, just to name a few. To find out how our motion solutions are moving life forward, go to. What Works Best? At Portescap, we optimize the relationships we create. We offer new and innovative solutions, lean supply chain management, LCR sourcing, and motor customization that helps provide our customers with a solution that meets their needs. We work closely with our customers to analyze every facet of their motion control need, and then devise smart, often unexpected ways to do the job better. We never solve problems in isolation. Instead, we step back, look at their business, and find new efficiencies or new levels of integration that translate into bigger wins.

5 Portescap is a recognized expert in miniature motors and precision motion control solutions. Portescap has been leading the way since 1931, driven by a passion for innovation, technical excellence and quality service. Originating in Switzerland, Portescap generated technology that helped to revolutionize the precision clock and watch making industry. The company then applied its motion control ingenuity to miniature motors and is now recognized as one of the global leaders in high performance electro-mechanical motion systems, including brush DC, brushless, and stepper motors as well as gearboxes, drive electronics and feedback devices. Portescap is a global company with offices in the United States, India, Malaysia, Singapore, and Switzerland. Portescap continues its legacy of innovation and builds on its growing lists of firsts in the industry.

6 Portescap finds its place among an esteemed worldwide family of motion control experts. Today, Portescap is part of a worldwide family of over 3 industryleading brands that form Danaher Motion, including Kollmorgen, Thomson, Dover, and Pacific Scientific. Danaher Motion s global infrastructure has enhanced Portescap s capabilities and level of service exponentially. Backed by a team of more than 6, people, 2,-plus distributor sites, and over 6 years of application experience and design expertise, Danaher Motion helps our customers build better machines, faster. Portescap is in good company at Danaher Motion, with fellow industryleading brands like Kollmorgen, Thomson, Pacific Scientific, and Dover. Optimizing relationships and motors: The Power of DBS Helping you build and maintain a competitive advantage is central to everything we do at Portescap. In fact, the entire Portescap team subscribes to the Danaher Business System, a highly regimented, proven set of disciplines based on teamwork, quality and listening to the customer. The Danaher Business System, or DBS, provides a structure of business practices designed to eliminate waste and continually improve manufacturing and product development processes while delivering measurable value to our client partners in the form of higher product quality, greater cost-savings, enhanced efficiencies, faster delivery times and improved overall integration.

7 What We Do Purposeful innovation through a deeper, more meaningful understanding of you and your customers. Whatever your special needs for high performance electromechanical systems, Portescap has the experience, technology and resources to develop the best solution. When you partner with Portescap, you re teaming up with a knowledge leader in the fields of electronics, electromagnetics and precision micromechanics. Our commitment to innovation focuses on the issues that mean the most to you and your customers. This is true whether we re raising the bar in autoclavability in medical and dental devices, maximizing power density for extended battery life in industrial hand tools, or dramatically increasing torque output while reducing motor size to enable miniaturization. Innovation is part of the corporate DNA at Portescap. It s what keeps us moving and improving. Our research and development teams in North America, Europe and Asia are equipped to create high-quality precision motion solutions in virtually any configuration, environment or envelope. Through our integrated global network, we offer customers over 7 years of experience in the industry. We provide customized solutions to optimize every opportunity. At Portescap, we turn your ideas into reality. Often, a miniature motion challenges quickly, accurately and costeffectively. At Portescap, you talk, we listen. Then, we build complete solution can be developed from building blocks that we ve already created. However, there s nothing we what you need to succeed. like better than putting brand new ideas in motion. In fact, customization is one of our greatest strengths. Our An important factor in our success is the highly collaborative long track record of creating unique solutions spans a wide environment we create between customers and our Sales range of industries and applications. and Application Engineering resources. By providing extraordinary access during the prototyping phase, we re Our more recent examples include customization of gear able to collaborate as true partners in the process, and be motor assemblies for an articulating surgical handtool, and a responsive to often changing needs. This approach also custom stepper motor assembly for refrigeration valves. allows us to take a more active role in the short- and longterm success of our customers. Portescap takes rapid prototyping to a more inspired, interactive level. As your design cycles get tighter, Portescap will keep you on schedule with some of the fastest turnaround times in the industry often as short as two weeks. With development teams and prototyping facilities in key locations throughout the world, Portescap can solve the most complex

8 High Quality and Consistency, Delivered. We understand that quality is an unending process that finds expression in both our products and our approach to doing business. Motion solutions from Portescap are built to provide reliable high performance in some of the most demanding applications imaginable. Thorough motor specifications and material selection, high manufacturing standards, and a total commitment to post-sales support ensure that motion solutions from Portescap will meet your exacting performance standards today and in the future. Consistently high product quality is the result of manufacturing excellence that has placed Portescap among the best in its class. Integrated manufacturing facilities, leading-edge technologies, lean manufacturing principles and a perpetual drive toward improvement in design and execution allow us to deliver highly reliable motion solutions. Superior performance also means efficiency. Portescap s global positioning saves on logistical costs and enhances value for our customers with efficiencies of supply chain optimization. Along with this, our high-volume platforms and vast experience including 1 years of Low Cost Region manufacturing experience help keep our customers a step ahead in an increasingly competitive world. As our world continues to change, Portescap continues to adapt to changing conditions throughout industrialized global markets. To help us provide superior service and support, Portescap Customer Service delivers localized customer support teams. This demonstrates Portescap s commitment to staying in step with the specialized needs of customers around the world. Customers have come to highly regard Portescap s flexibility and adaptability, and continue to rely on us to share in their success. Portescap s Manufacturing Excellence helps keep you first in quality and first to market with key competitive advantages: A culture of continuous innovation and improvement Fast customization and responsive prototyping Efficiency, cost control and on-time delivery Value added solutions and sub-assemblies to meet your needs Exceptional performance, high degree of collaboration Leading-edge platform technologies Global design, manufacturing and account management Experience in key markets and applications Worldwide service and support

9 Applications & Products MEDICAL Portescap supplies motors for pumps, analyzers and surgical hand tools used by hospitals and medical device manufacturers for the purposes of drug delivery, testing, and surgery. Surgical Instruments Dental Instruments Respirators & Ventilators Infusion, Volumetric & Insulin Pumps Pipettes Analyzers & Scanners Inoculation Guns Laboratory Automation SECURITY Among Portescap s innovations is a solution that represented a fundamental shift in commercial locking and release technology. The shift was away from conventional electrical strike method of door locking to an electromechanical approach that provides a stronger, more secure locked state. Locks Bar Code Readers Cameras Fire Doors AEROSPACE & DEFENSE Portescap provides motors for seat actuation and electric window shades on commercial and corporate jets. Lighter, more compact motors that perform at a higher efficiency over a longer period of time and deliver significant great costsavings in maintenance and fuel. Seat Actuation Missile Fin Actuation Electric Window Shades Cockpit Gauge Controls Fuel Metering Cameras HVAC&R When heating, ventilation, air conditioning or refrigeration appliances demand affordable, reliable motion control, Portescap delivers with a variety of products and motor technologies. Refrigeration & Cooling Valves Damper Actuator Control Heating, Water & Gas Valves OTHER Robotics Factory Automation Industrial Hand Tools Scientific & Measuring

10 Our motors at work. MEDICAL: Surgical Handtools HVAC&R: Refrigeration Valve Actuation CIVIL AVIATION: Seat Actuation MEDICAL: Diagnostic Analyzer Compact, lightweight, and Energy efficient and leak-proof Coreless brush DC motors from Our coreless brush DC motor high-precision handtools play a seals are critical for electric Portescap address the technologies deliver class- crucial role in a wide range of refrigeration valves. Portescap challenge of energy efficiency leading performance across a surgical procedures, increasing provides geared can stack and in commercial aviation by using range of medical device both patient safety and direct drive linear actuator state of the art magnetics and applications. From sample comfort. Delivering up to 3% solutions with custom coil design, with efficiencies draw on assays, to drug more torque than traditional subassembly capability that approaching 85 9% while delivery via pumps, these motors, Portescap s allows for streamlined reducing weight of the motors. motors offer minimal noise and autoclavable brushless motors integration into the valve body A seat actuator motor from lower joule heating, creating generate minimal heat in an and for precision flow controls Portescap can be 5% lighter sustainable performance over ultra-compact package. This of refrigerants in the valve compared to an iron core the life of your project. An means higher performance and system. Our vast experience technology with similar output unparalleled speed-to-torque better quality of use, especially working with custom valve power, thus leading to fuel performance provides high in minimally invasive solutions and our understanding savings due to reduced weight energy efficiency and superior procedures. And, with higher of refrigerant control and of the airplane. We are able to space utilization. This means acceleration and peak speed, electrical connections lets us provide custom brush DC increased turnaround times of Portescap motors help provide you with cost effective solutions with ball bearings diagnostic results and accurate minimize time required for innovative systems that are that will not only extend the dose delivery to patients and a critical procedures, meaning a environmentally protective and life of motors in such faster recovery. faster start on patient recovery. space efficient. applications, but will let the passengers relax in peace.

11 BRUSH DC motors Brush DC 8mm Motor Coil Cross Section Brush DC 16mm Brush DC 35mm Your miniature motion challenges are unique and your ideas for meeting those challenges are equally unique. From medical to aerospace or security and access, Portescap s brush DC motion solutions are moving life forward worldwide in critical applications. The following Brush DC section features our high efficiency and high power density with low inertia coreless brush DC motor technology. Why a Brush DC motor 5 Brush DC Spotlight on Innovation 51 Brush DC Motor Basics 52 Brush DC Working Principles 55 How to select your Brush DC motor 57 Brush DC Specifications 58 Where to apply Brush DC motors 59 Brush DC motors at Work 6

12 Why a Brush DC motor Models Available from 8mm to 35mm Diameter Long life Patented Commutation Sysyem Virtually Eliminates Brush Maintenance Select Either Sleeve or Ball Bearings Ironless Rotor Coil Enables High Acceleration Optional Gearboxes and Magnetic or Optical Encoders Are Easily Added Innovation & Performance Portescap s brush DC coreless motors incorporate salient features like low moment of inertia, no cogging, low friction, very compact commutation which in turn results in high acceleration, high efficiency, very low joule losses and higher continuous torque. High Efficiency Design - Ideal for Battery-Fed Applications Brush DC commutation design Longer commutator life because of the design. REE system Stands for Reduction of Electro Erosion. The electro erosion, caused by arcing during commutation, is greatly reduced in low inertia coreless DC motors because of the low inductivity of their rotors. Ideal for portable and small devices, Portescap s coreless motor technologies reduce size, weight, and heat in such applications. This results in improved motor performance in smaller physical envelopes thus offering greater comfort and convenience for endusers. In addition, the coreless design enables long-life and higher energy efficiency in battery-powered applications. NEO magnet The powerful Neodymium magnets along with enhanced air gap design thus giving higher electro-magnetic flux and a lower motor regulation factor. Coreless rotor design Optimized coil and rotor reduces the weight and makes it compact. Portescap continues innovating coreless technology by seeking design optimizations in magnetic circuit, self supporting coreless coil along with commutator and collector configurations. Get your products to market faster through Portescap s rapid prototyping and collaborative engineering. Our R&D and application engineering teams can adapt brush DC coreless motors with encoders and gearboxes to perform in different configuration, environment, or envelope. Standard Features Max continuous torque ranging from.66 to mnm Speed ranging from 11, RPM (8mm) to 5,5 RPM (35mm) Motor regulation factor(r/k 2 ) ranging from 1,9 to /Nms Your Custom Motor Shaft extension and double shaft options Custom coil design (different voltages) Mounting plates Gear pulleys and pinion Shock absorbing damper and laser welding Special lubrication for Civil aviation and medical applications EMI filtering Cables and connectors Gearboxes

13 SPOTLIGHT ON INNOVATION Innovation is a passion at Portescap. It defines your success, and defines our future. We help you get the right products to market faster, through rapid prototyping and collaborative engineering. With experienced R&D and application engineering teams in North America, Europe, and Asia, Portescap is prepared to create high-quality precision motors, in a variety of configurations and frame sizes for use in diverse environments. Demanding application? Portescap is up for the challenge. Take our latest innovation Athlonix in high power density motors. Ultra-compact, and designed for lower joule heating for sustainable performance over the life of your product, Portescap s Athlonix motors deliver unparalleled speed-to-torque performance. And better energy efficiency brings you savings while helping you achieve your green goals. Athlonix motors are available in 12, 16, and 22mm. More Endurance. Higher Power Density. Smaller Package Looking for a lighter motor with more torque? 35GLT brush dc coreless motor from Portescap might be the solution for your needs. The 35GLT provides a 4% increase in torque-to-volume ratio over most average iron core motors. A featured multi-layer coil improves performance and offers insulating reinforcement, resulting in improved heat dissipation. Weighing in at only 36 grams and providing an energy efficiency of 85%, the 35GLT offers less power draw and excellent space savings. The quest for high-resolution feedback with accuracy in speed is the essence of Portescap s innovative MR2 magneto resistive encoder. These miniature encoders accommodate motors from frame sizes of 8mm to 35mm with superior integration schemes to facilitate a compact assembly with motors. And, with a resolution of 2 to 124 lines, Portescap s MR2 encoders meet your application requirements today - while flexibly adapting to your evolving needs.

14 Brush DC Motor Basics Construction of Portescap motors with iron less rotor DC motors All DC motors, including the ironless rotor motors, are composed of three principle sub assemblies: 1. Stator 2. Brush Holder Endcap 3. Rotor Stator Tube Self Supporting High Packing Density Rotor Coil Sleeve or Ball Bearing Collector High Efficiency High Strength Rare Earth Magnet Cable Clamp Metallic Alloy Brush Commutation System 1. The stator The stator consists of the central, cylindrical permanent magnet, the core which supports the bearings, and the steel tube which completes the magnetic circuit. All three of these parts are held together by the motor front plate, or the mounting plate. The magnetic core is magnetized diametrically after it has been mounted in the magnetic system 2. The Brush Holder Endcap The Brush Holder Endcap is made of a plastic material. Depending on the intended use of the motor, the brush could be of two different types: Carbon type, using copper grahite or silver graphite, such as those found in conventional motors with iron rotors. Multiwire type, using precious metals. 3. The Rotor Of the three sub-assemblies, the one that is most characteristic of this type of motor is the ironless, bell-shaped rotor. There are primarily four different methods of fabricating these ironless armatures utilized in present-day technology. A In the conventional way, the various sections of the armature are wound separately, then shaped and assembled to form a cylindrical shell which is glass yarn reinforced, epoxy resin coated, and cured. It is of interest to note the relatively large coil heads which do not participate in the creation of any torque.

15 B A method which avoids these coil heads uses an armature wire that is covered with an outer layer of plastic for adhesion, and is wound on a mobile lozenge-shaped support. Later, the support is removed, and a flat armature package is obtained, which is then formed into a cylindrical shape (Figure 1). The difficulty with this method lies in achieving a completely uniform cylinder. This is necessary for minimum ripple of the created torque, and for a minimum imbalance of the rotor. Figure 1 - Continuous winding on mobile support 3 1 2a 1a 2 5 a) support arrangement b) armature as flat package c) forming of armature in cylindrical shape C A procedure which avoids having to form a perfect cylinder from a flat package consists of winding the wire directly and continuously onto a cylindrical support. This support then remains inside the rotor. Coil heads are reduced to a minimum. Although a large air gap is necessary to accommodate the armature support; this method is, however, easily automated. D The Skew-Wound armature method utilizes the same two-layer plastic coated wire described in Method B. This Wire is directly and continuously wound onto a cylindrical support which is later removed, thus eliminating an excessive air gap and minimizing rotor inertia. In this type of winding, inactive coil heads are non-existent. (Figure 2). This kind of armature winding does require relatively complex coil winding machines. Portescap thru its proprietary know how has developed multiple automated winding machines for different frame sizes and continues to innovate in the space so that dense coil windings can be spun in these automated machines. Figure 2

16 Features of Ironless Rotor DC Motors The rotor of a conventional iron core DC motor is made of copper wire which is wound around the poles of its iron core. Designing the rotor in this manner has the following results: A large inertia due to the iron mass which impedes rapid starts and stops A cogging effect and rotor preferential positions caused by the attraction of the iron poles to the permanent magnet. A considerable coil inductance producing arcing during commutation. This arcing is responsible on the one hand for an electrical noise, and on the other hand for the severe electro erosion of the brushes. It is for the latter reason that carbon type brushes are used in the conventional motors. A self supporting ironless DC motor from Portescap has many advantages over conventional iron core motors: high torque to inertia ratio absence of preferred rotor positions very low torque and back EMF variation with armature positions essentially zero hysteresis and eddy current losses negligible electrical time constant almost no risk of demagnetization, thus fast acceleration negligible voltage drop at the brushes (with multiwire type brushes) lower viscous damping linear characteristics REE System proven to increase motor life up to 1 percent The two biggest contributors to the commutator life in a brush DC motor are the mechanical brush wear from sliding contacts and the erosion of the electrodes due to electrical arcing. The superior surface finish, commutator precision along with material upgrades such as precious metal commutators with appropriate alloys has helped in reducing the mechanical wear of the brushes. To effectively reduce electro erosion in while extending commutator life Portescap innovated its proprietary REE (Reduced Electro Erosion) system of coils. The REE system reduces the effective inductivity of the brush commutation by optimization of the mutual induction of the coil segments. In order to compare and contrast the benefits of an REE system Portescap conducted tests on motors with and with out REE coil optimization. The commutator surface wear showed improvements ranging from 1-3 percent as shown in Figure 5. Coils 4, 5 and 6 are REE reinforced while 1, 2 & 3 are without REE reinforcement.

17 Brush DC Working Principles The electromechanical properties of motors with ironless rotors can be described by means of the following equations: 1. The power supply voltage U is equal to the sum of the voltage drop produced by the current I in the ohmic resistance R M of the rotor winding, and the voltage U i induced in the rotor : U = I x R M + U i (1) RM I U with an ironless rotor : U = M x R M + k E x ω (4) By calculating the constant k E and k T from the dimensions of the motor, the number of turns per winding, the number of windings, the diameter of the rotor and the magnetic field in the air gap, we find for the direct-current micromotor with an ironless rotor: M = U i = k (5) I ω Which means that k = k E = k T The identity k E = k T is also apparent from the following energetic considerations: Graphic express speed-torque characteristic: n n M L U To overcome the friction torque M f due to the friction of the brushes and bearings, the motor consumes a no-load current I. This gives M f = k x I I M L I M L M UI 2. The voltage U i induced in the rotor is proportional to the angular velocity ω of the rotor : U i = k E x ω (2) It should be noted that the following relationship exists between the angular velocity ω express in radians per second and the speed of rotation n express in revolutions per minute: ω = 2π n 6 3. The rotor torque M is proportional to the rotor current I: M = k T x I (3) It may be mentioned here that the rotor torque M is equal to the sum of the load torque M L supplied by the motor and the friction torque M f of the motor : M = M L + M f By substituting the fundamental equations (2) and (3) into (1), we obtain the characteristics of torque/angular velocity for the dc motor The electric power P e = U x I which is supplied to the motor must be equal to the sum of the mechanical power P m = M x ω produced by the rotor and the dissipated power (according to Joule s law) P v = I 2 x R M : P e = U x I = M x ω + I 2 x R M = P m + P v Moreover, by multiplying equation (1) by I, we also obtain a formula for the electric power P e : P e = U x I = I 2 x R M + U i x I The equivalence of the two equations gives M x ω = U i x I or U i = M and k E = k T = k ω I Quod erat demonstrandum. Using the above relationships, we may write the fundamental equations (1) and (2) as follows: U = I x R M + k x ω (6) and : U = M x R M + k x ω (7) k and: U = I x R M + k x ω where ω = 2π x n 6 hence: k = U - I x R M (8) ω Is it therefore perfectly possible to calculate the motor constant k with the no-load speed n, the no-load current I and the rotor resistance R M. The starting-current I d is calculated as follows: I d = U R M It must be remembered that the R M depends to a great extent on the temperature; in other words, the resistance of the rotor increases with the heating of the motor due to the dissipated power (Joule s law): R M = R M (1 + γ x T) Where γ is the temperature coefficient of copper (γ =.4/ C). As the copper mass of the coils is comparatively small, it heats very quickly

18 Brush DC Working Principles through the effect of the rotor current, particularly in the event of slow or repeated starting. The torque M d produced by the starting-current I d is obtained as follows: M d = I d x k - M f = (I d - I )k (9) By applying equation (1), we can calculate the angular velocity ω produced under a voltage U with a load torque M i. We first determine the current required for obtaining the torque M = M L + M f : I = M L + M f k Since M f = I k we may also write (1) I = M L + I k required for obtaining a speed of rotation n for a given load torque M L (angular velocity ω = n x 2π/6). By introducing equation (1) into (6) we obtain: U = ( M L + I ) R M + k x ω (13) k Practical examples of calculations Please note that the International System of Units (S.I.) is used throughout. 1. Let us suppose that, for a Portescap motor 23D21-216E, we wish to calculate the motor constant k, the starting current I d and the starting torque M d at a rotor temperature of 4 C. With a power supply voltage of 12V, the no-load speed is n is 49 rpm (ω = 513 rad/s), the no-load current I = 12 ma and the resistance R M = 9.5 Ω at 22 C. Using equation (1) we first calculate the current which is supplied to the motor under these conditions: I = M L + I = k.232 =.357A Equation (11) gives the angular velocity ω: ω = U I x R M = x 1.2 k.232 = 231 rad/s and the speed of rotation n: n = 6 ω = 22 rpm 2π Thus the motor reaches a speed of 22 rpm and draws a current of 357 ma. For the angular velocity ω, we obtain the relationship ω = U I x R M (11) k = U R M (M L + M f ) k k 2 In which the temperature dependence of the rotor resistance R M must again be considered; in other words, the value of R M at the working temperature of the rotor must be calculated. On the other hand, with the eqation (6), we can calculate the current I and the load torque M L for a given angular velocity ω and a given voltage U : I = U k x ω = I d k ω (12) R M R M And with equation (1) M L = (I I )k We get the value of M L : M L = (I I )k k 2 ω R M The problem which most often arises is that of determining the power supply voltage U By introducing the values ω, I, R M and U into the equation (8), we obtain the motor constant k for the motor 23D21-216E: k = x 9.5 =.232 Vs 15 Before calculating the starting-current, we must calculate the rotor resistance at 4 C. With T = 18 C and R M = 9.5Ω, we obtain R M = (1 +.4 x 18) = 9.5 x 1.7 = 1.2Ω The starting-current I d at a rotor temperature of 4 C becomes I d = U = 12 = 1.18A R M 1.2 and the starting-torque M d, according to equation (9), is M d = k(i d I ) =.232 ( ) =.27 Nm 2. Let us ask the following question: what is the speed of rotation n attained by the motor with a load torque of.8 Nm and a power supply voltage of 9V at a rotor temperature of 4 C? 3. Let us now calculate the torque M at a given speed of rotation n of 3 rpm (ω = 314 rad/s) and a power supply voltage U of 15V; equation (12) gives the value of the current: I = U k x ω = I d k x ω R M R M = x 314 =.466A 1.2 and the torque load M L : M L = k(i I ) =.232 ( ) =.15 Nm (M L = 1.5 mnm) 4. Lastly, let us determine the power supply voltage U required for obtaining a speed rotation n of 4 rpm (ω = 419 rad/s) with a load torque of M L of.8 Nm, the rotor temperature again being 4 C (R M = 1.2Ω).. As we have already calculated, the current I necessary for a torque of.8 Nm is.357 A U = I x R M + k x ω =.357 x x 419 = 13.4 volt

19 How to select your Coreless motor PRODUCT RANGE CHART FRAME SIZE 8GS 8G 13N 16C 16N28 16G Max Continuous Torque mnm (Oz-in).66 (.93).87 (.12) 3.33 (.47) 1. (.14) 2.4 (.34) 5.4 (.76) Motor Regulation R/K /Nms Rotor Inertia Kgm S 17N 22S 22N28 22V 23L Max Continuous Torque mnm (Oz-in) 2.6 (.37) 4.85 (.69) 9.5 (1.34) 7.3 (1.4) 8.13 (1.15) 6.2 (1.16) Motor Regulation R/K /Nms Rotor Inertia Kgm FRAME SIZE 23V 23GST 25GST 25GT 26N 28L 28LT Max Continuous Torque mnm (Oz-in) 13 (1.8) 22 (3.1) 27 (3.8) 41 (5.8) 17.3 (2.4) 21. (2.97) Motor Regulation R/K /Nms 3 11 (.4) Rotor Inertia Kgm D 28DT 3GT 35NT2R32 35NT2R82 35GLT Max Continuous Torque mnm (Oz-in) 33.6 (4.8) 41 (5.8) 93 (13.2) 58.3 (8.3) 115 (16.3) Motor Regulation R/K /Nms Rotor Inertia Kgm (3.23) Motor Designation 22 N 2R 2B - 21E 286 Motor diameter (in mm) Bearing type: blank = with sleeve bearings 2R = with front and rear ball bearings Coil type: nb of layer wire size type connexion Execution coding Motor generation/ length: L, C = old generation (C: short, L: long), Alnico Magnet S, N, V = middle generation (S: short, N: normal, V: very long) G, GS = new generation (high power magnet), S: short version Commutation size & type/ magnet type: Alnico/ Precious Metal = 18, 28, 48, 58 NdFeB/ Precious Metal = 78, 88, 98 Alnico/ Graphite & Copper = 12 NdFeB/ Graphite Copper = 82, 83

20 Explanation of Specifications MOTOR PART NUMBER 16N28 25E Explanation MEASURING VOLTAGE V 18 Is the DC voltage on the motor terminals and is the reference at which all the data is measured NO LOAD SPEED rpm 96 This is the the speed at which motor turns when the measuring voltage is applied with out any load STALL TORQUE mnm (oz-in) 2.9 (.41) Minimum torque required to stall the motor or stop the motor shaft from rotating at measuring voltage AVERAGE NO LOAD CURRENT ma 4.9 The current drawn by the motor at no load while operating at the measured voltage TYPICAL STARTING VOLTAGE V.45 The minimum voltage at which the motor shaft would start rotating at no load MAX RECOMMENDED VALUES MAX CONT CURRENT A.15 The maximum current that can be passed through the motor with out overheating the coil MAX CONT TORQUE mnm (oz-in) 2.5 (.35) The maximum torque that can be applied without overheating the coil MAX ANGULAR ACCELERATION 1 3 rad/s The maximum feasible rotor acceleration to achieve a desired speed INTRINSIC PARAMETERS BACK-EMF CONSTANT V/1 rpm 1.8 Voltage induced at a motor speed of 1 rpm TORQUE CONSTANT mnm/a (oz-in/a) 17.3 (2.45) Torque developed at a current of 1 A TERMINAL RESISTANCE ohm 19 Resistance of the coil at a temperature of 22 o C MOTOR REGULATION 1 3 /Nms 36 It is the slope of speed torque curve ROTOR INDUCTANCE mh 3 Measured at a frequency of 1 khz ROTOR INERTIA kgm Order of magnitude mostly dependent on mass of copper rotating MECHANICAL TIME CONSTANT ms 2 Product of motor regulation and rotor inertia 14 Speed vs Torque curve 16N28 at 18V 12 1 N (RPM) Continuous Working range Temporary Working range M (mnm)

21 Markets & Applications MEDICAL Powered surgical instruments Dental hand tools Infusion, Volumetric & Insulin Pumps Diagnostic & scanning equipment Benefits: Reduced footprint analyzers with high efficiency & precision sample positioning SECURITY & ACCESS Security cameras Locks Bar code readers Paging systems Benefits: Low Noise & Vibration, High Power & Superior Efficiency AEROSPACE & DEFENSE Cockpit gauge Indicators Satellites Optical scanners Benefits: Low Inertia, Compactness and Weight, High Efficiency ROBOTICS & FACTORY AUTOMATION Conveyors Remote controlled vehicles Benefits: High Power & Low Weight Industrial robots POWER HAND TOOLS Shears Pruning hand tools Nail guns Benefits: High Efficiency, Compactness and Weight, Low Noise OTHER Office equipment Semiconductors Model railways Document handling Optics Automotive Transportation Audio & video Benefits: Low Noise, High Power, Better Motor Regulation

22 Brush DC Motors at Work MEDICAL ANALYZERS Portescap solves multiple application needs in analyzers, from sample draw on assays to rapid scanning and detection of molecular mechanisms in liquids and gases, with its coreless brush dc motors. For high throughput applications those where over 1, assays are analyzed in an hour high efficiency and higher speed motors such as brush DC coreless motors are a suitable choice. Their low rotor inertia along with short mechanical time constant makes them ideally suited for such applications. As an example, a Portescap 22-mm motor brush coreless DC motor offers no-load speed of 8, rpm and a mechanical time constant of 6.8 milliseconds. Another analyzer function that plays a vital role in their output is collecting samples from the vials or assays, and serving them up to measurement systems based on photometry, chromatography, or other appropriate schemes. Here again, a brush DC coreless motor is highly applicable due to the power density it packs in a small frame size. You can maximize your application s productivity with a 16 or 22mm workhorse from Portescap. INFUSION PUMPS Coreless brush DC motors offer significant advantages over their iron core brush counterparts for some of the critical care pump applications where, the benefits range from improved efficiency to higher power density, in a smaller frame size. One of the factors that deteriorates motor performance over long term usage is the heating of the motor with associated Joule loss. In motor terminology this is governed by the motor regulation factor determined by the coil resistance, R, and the torque constant, k. The lower the motor regulation factor (R/k 2 ) the better would the motor perform over its life while sustaining higher efficiencies. With some of the lowest motor regulation factors Portescap s latest innovation in Athlonix motors is already benefiting applications in the infusion pump space by offering a choice of a higher performance motor with less heat loss, higher efficiency and power density in compact packages. ELECTRONICS ASSEMBLY SURFACE MOUNT EQUIPMENT Portescap s versatile 35mm coreless motors with carbon brush commutation excel in electronic assembly, robotics and automated machinery equipment and have been a work horse in some of the pick and place machinery used in surface mount technology. Our 35mm low inertia motors can provide high acceleration, low electro magnetic interference, and frequent start stops that the machines need while maintaining smaller and light weight envelopes.

23 Miniature Motors Notes 61

24 8GS61 Precious Metal Commutation System - 5 Segments.5 Watt dimensions in mm mass: 3.8 g 8GS61 3 Winding Type C Measured Values Measuring voltage V No-load speed rpm Stall torque mnm (oz-in).42 (.6).59 (.84).64 (.91) Average No-load current ma Typical starting voltage V Max. Recommended Values Max. continuous current A Max. continuous torque mnm (oz-in).64 (.9).64 (.91).66 (.93) Max. angular acceleration 1 3 rad/s Intrinsic Parameters Back-EMF constant V/1 rpm Torque constant mnm/a (oz-in/a) 2.63 (.372) 3.92 (.55) 5.1 (.72) Terminal resistance ohm Motor regulation R/k /Nms Rotor inductance mh Rotor inertia kgm Mechanical time constant ms Executions Gearbox Page 8GS61 R R8 Contact Portescap Thermal resistance: rotor-body 2 C/W body-ambient 1 C/W Thermal time constant rotor/stator: 5 s/1s Max. rated coil temperature: 1 C Recom. ambient temperature range: -3 C to +85 C (-22 F to +185 F) Max. axial static force: 3 N End play: 1 µm Radial play: 15 µm Shaft runout: 1 µm Max. side load at 2 mm from mounting face: - sleeve bearings.5 N Motor fitted with sleeve bearings Max. Recommended Speed n (rpm) Max. Continuous Output Power.5 W M(mNm) Values at the output shaft Continuous working range Temporary working range 62

25 Miniature Motors 8G61.7 Watt Precious Metal Commutation System - 5 Segments 8 -,8 1 M 5,5 x,5 6 -,18 4,3,2 1,5 -,15 4,5 -,1,5,4 1,9 2,1 2 1,55 19,6 dimensions in mm mass: 4.5 g 8G Brushed DC Winding Type C Measured Values Measuring voltage V 3 9 No-load speed rpm Stall torque mnm (oz-in).73 (.13) 1.1 (.143) Average No-load current ma Typical starting voltage V.2.6 Max. Recommended Values Max. continuous current A Max. continuous torque mnm (oz-in).7 (.99).87 (.12) Max. angular acceleration 1 3 rad/s Intrinsic Parameters Back-EMF constant V/1 rpm.3.75 Torque constant mnm/a (oz-in/a) 2.86 (.46) 7.2 (1.1) Terminal resistance ohm Motor regulation R/k /Nms Rotor inductance mh.3.16 Rotor inertia kgm Mechanical time constant ms Executions Gearbox Page 8GS61 R R8 Contact Portescap Thermal resistance: rotor-body 18 C/W body-ambient 85ºC/W Thermal time constant rotor/stator: 5 s/1s Max. rated coil temperature: 1 C Recom. ambient temperature range: -3 C to +85 C (-22 F to +185 F) Max. axial static force: 3 N End play: 1 µm Radial play: 15 µm Shaft runout: 1 µm Max. side load at 2 mm from mounting face: - sleeve bearings.5 N Motor fitted with sleeve bearings Max. Recommended Speed n (rpm ).7 W Max. Continuous Output Power M(mNm) Values at the output shaft Continuous working range Temporary working range 63

26 thloni 12G88 Precious Metal Commutation System - 9 Segments 2.5 Watt dimensions in mm mass: 15 g 12G88 1 Winding Type Measured Values Measuring voltage No-load speed Stall torque Average No-load current Typical starting voltage Max. Recomended Values Max. continuous current Max. continuous torque Max. angular acceleration Intrinsic Parameters Back-EMF constant Torque constant Terminal resistance Motor regulation R/k 2 Rotor inductance Rotor inertia Mechanical time constant Executions Single Shaft V rpm mnm (oz.in) ma V A mnm (oz.in) 1 3 rad/s 2 V/1 rpm mnm/a (oz.in/a) Ohms 1 3 /Nms mh kgm ms With MR2 Gearbox Page 12G88 12G88 R R E (.96) (.52) (.69) Thermal resistance : rotor-body 1 C/W body-ambient 5 C/W Thermal time constant rotor/stator: 6s / 3s Max. rated coil temperature: 1 C (21 F) Recom. Ambient temperature range: -3 C to +85 C (-22 F to +185 F) Viscous damping constant:.4 x 1-6 Nms Max axial static force for press-fit: 15N End play: 15 μm Radial play: 3 μm Shaft runout: 1 μm Max. side load at 5mm from mounting face sleeve bearings 1.5 N Motor fitted with sleeve bearings (ball bearings optional) 211E (1.1) (.52) (1.22) Max. Recommended Speed n(rpm) Max. continuous output power M(mNm) 64

27 Miniature Motors 13N Watt Precious Metal Commutation System - 9 Segments dimensions in mm mass: 18 g 13N88 1 Brushed DC Winding Type -213E Measured Values Measuring voltage V No-load speed rpm Stall torque mnm (oz-in) 6.5 (.93) 8 (1.13) 8.4 (1.19) Average No-load current ma Typical starting voltage V Max. Recommended Values Max. continuous current A Max. continuous torque mnm (oz-in) 3.3 (.43) 3.33 (.47) 3.18 (.45) Max. angular acceleration 1 3 rad/s Intrinsic Parameters Back-EMF constant V/1 rpm Torque constant mnm/a (oz-in/a) 4.58 (.65) 9.1 (1.28) 15.9 (2.26) Terminal resistance ohm Motor regulation R/k /Nms Rotor inductance mh Rotor inertia kgm Mechanical time constant ms Executions Gearbox Page 13N88 13N88D12 Thermal resistance: rotor-body 1 C/W body-ambient 4 C/W Thermal time constant - rotor / stator: 6 s / 3 s Max. rated coil temperature: 1 C (21 F) Recom. ambient temperature range: Max. Recommended Speed R C to +85 C (-22 F to +185 F) Viscous damping constant:.4 x 1-6 Nms Max. axial static force for press-fit: 15 N End play: 15 µm Radial play: 3 µm Shaft runout: 1 µm Max. side load at 5 mm from mounting face: - sleeve bearings 1.5 N Motor fitted with sleeve bearings (ball bearings optional) 2.5 W Max. Continuous Output Power 65

28 16C18 Precious Metal Commutation System - 5 Segments.85 Watt 1 M 1,6 x1,4 max ,1 6 -,18 1,5 -,6 -, ,1 6 -,18 1 -, ,9 4 3,7 1 ( 6,5 ) 3,7 1 ( 5,7 ) 15 ±3 2 15,7 7,5 2 15,7 6,7 dimensions in mm mass: 13 g 16C C18 67 Winding Type Measured Values Measuring voltage V No-load speed rpm Stall torque mnm (oz-in) 1.1 (.16) 1.3 (.19) 1.1 (.16) 1.2 (.17).8 (.11) Average No-load current ma Typical starting voltage V Max. Recommended Values Max. continuous current A Max. continuous torque mnm (oz-in).98 (.14) 1.13 (.16) 1. (.14) 1. (.14).79 (.11) Max. angular acceleration 1 3 rad/s Intrinsic Parameters Back-EMF constant V/1 rpm Torque constant mnm/a (oz-in/a).88 (.12) 2.48 (.35) 3.44 (.49) 6.68 (.95) 8.3 (1.18) Terminal resistance ohm Motor regulation R/k /Nms Rotor inductance mh Rotor inertia kgm Mechanical time constant ms Executions Single Shaft With F16 Gearbox Page 16C18 16C18 B BA R Thermal resistance: rotor-body 15 C/W body-ambient 4 C/W Thermal time constant - rotor / stator: 4 s / 23 s Max. rated coil temperature: 1 C (21 F) Recom. ambient temperature range: -3 C to +85 C (-22 F to +185 F) Viscous damping constant:.4 x 1-6 Nms Max. axial static force for press-fit: 15 N End play: 15 µm Radial play: 3 µm Shaft runout: 1 µm Max. side load at 5 mm from mounting face: - sleeve bearings.5 N - ball bearings 3 N Motor fitted with sleeve bearings (ball bearings optional) Max. Recommended Speed Max. Continuous Output Power Values at the output shaft 66

29 Miniature Motors 16N Watt Precious Metal Commutation System - 9 Segments Max screw torque 4mNm Max traction 23N 15, M 1,6 x 2,5 max ,5 1,7 5,5 28 dimensions in mm mass: 24 g 16N ,5 (6,5) Brushed DC Winding Type -111P -21E -28E -27E Measured Values Measuring voltage V No-load speed rpm Stall torque mnm (oz-in) 3.7 (.52) 3.7 (.52) 3.1 (.45) 3.1 (.45) Average No-load current ma Typical starting voltage V Max. Recommended Values Max. continuous current A Max. continuous torque mnm (oz-in) 2.9 (.44) 2.9 (.41) 2.7 (.38) 2.4 (.34) Max. angular acceleration 1 3 rad/s Intrinsic Parameters Back-EMF constant V/1 rpm Torque constant mnm/a (oz-in/a) 2.96 (.42) 7.2 (1.) 9.5 (1.35) 1.3 (1.45) Terminal resistance ohm Motor regulation R/k /Nms Rotor inductance mh Rotor inertia kgm Mechanical time constant ms Executions Single Shaft With F16 Gearbox Page 16N28 16N28 B BA R Thermal resistance: rotor-body 7 C/W body-ambient 28 C/W Thermal time constant - rotor / stator: 7 s / 39 s Max. rated coil temperature: 1 C (21 F) Recom. ambient temperature range: -3 C to +85 C (-22 F to +185 F) Viscous damping constant:.4 x 1-6 Nms Max. axial static force for press-fit: 1 N (with sleeve bearing only) End play: 15 µm Radial play: 3 µm Shaft runout: 1 µm Max. side load at 5 mm from mounting face: - sleeve bearings 1.5 N - ball bearings 3 N Motor fitted with sleeve bearings (ball bearings optional) Max. Recommended Speed ) Max. Continuous Output Power 67

30 16N28 Precious Metal Commutation System - 9 Segments 2.3 Watt Max screw torque 4mNm Max traction 23N 15, M 1,6 x 2,5 max ,5 1,7 6 (6,5) 5,5 28 7,5 dimensions in mm mass: 24 g 16N28 21 Winding Type E 29E 27P Measured Values Measuring voltage V No-load speed rpm Stall torque mnm (oz-in) 3.4 (.48) 2.9 (.41) 5.4(.76) 2.7(.38) Average No-load current ma Typical starting voltage V Max. Recommended Values Max. continuous current A Max. continuous torque mnm (oz-in) 2.7 (.38) 2.5 (.35) 3.5(.5) 2.7(.38) Max. angular acceleration 1 3 rad/s Intrinsic Parameters Back-EMF constant V/1 rpm Torque constant mnm/a (oz-in/a) 14.6 (2.7) 17.3 (2.45) Terminal resistance ohm Motor regulation R/k /Nms Rotor inductance mh Rotor inertia kgm Mechanical time constant ms Executions Single Shaft With F16 Gearbox Page 16N28 16N28 B BA R Thermal resistance: rotor-body 7 C/W body-ambient 28 C/W Thermal time constant - rotor / stator: 7 s / 39 s Max. rated coil temperature: 1 C (21 F) Recom. ambient temperature range: -3 C to +85 C (-22 F to +185 F) Viscous damping constant:.4 x 1-6 Nms Max. axial static force for press-fit: 1 N (with sleeve bearing only) End play: 15 µm Radial play: 3 µm Shaft runout: 1 µm Max. side load at 5 mm from mounting face: - sleeve bearings 1.5 N - ball bearings 3 N Motor fitted with sleeve bearings (ball bearings optional) Max. Recommended Speed ) Max. Continuous Output Power 68

31 6x Miniature Motors 16G88 5 Watt Precious Metal Commutation System - 9 Segments Max screw torque 4 mnm Max traction 23 N 1 M 1,6 x2,8 max. 6 -, ,1 6 -,18 1,5 -,6 -,9 2x 1,8 x ,5 1 ( 6,5 ) ,5,5 15,3 Brushed DC dimensions in mm mass: 24 g 16G88 1 Winding Type -22P -213E -211E -21E -214E -25E Measured Values Measuring voltage V No-load speed rpm Stall torque mnm (oz-in) 16 (2.3) 12.7 (1.8) 12.1 (1.71) 12.2 (1.73) 12.1(1.71) 8.8 (1.25) Average No-load current ma Typical starting voltage V Max. Recommended Values Max. continuous current A Max. continuous torque mnm (oz-in) 5.2 (.74) 5.8 (.82) 5.4 (.76) 5.4 (.76) 5.3(.75) 4.8 (.68) Max. angular acceleration 1 3 rad/s Intrinsic Parameters Back-EMF constant V/1 rpm Torque constant mnm/a (oz-in/a) 2.58 (.36) 1.7 (1.51) 13.1 (1.85) 15.8 (2.23) Terminal resistance ohm Motor regulation R/k /Nms Rotor inductance mh Rotor inertia kgm Mechanical time constant ms Executions Single Shaft Gearbox Page 16G88 B BA R Thermal resistance: rotor-body 8 C/W body-ambient 35 C/W Thermal time constant - rotor / stator: 6 s / 5 s Max. rated coil temperature: 1 C (21 F) Recom. ambient temperature range: -3 C to +85 C (-22 F to +185 F) Viscous damping constant:.5 x 1-6 Nms Max. axial static force for press-fit: 1 N End play: 15 µm Radial play: 3 µm Shaft runout: 1 µm Max. side load at 5 mm from mounting face: - sleeve bearings 1.5 N Motor fitted with sleeve bearings Max. Recommended Speed Max. Continuous Output Power 69

32 thloni 16N78 Precious Metal Commutation System - 9 Segments 4 Watt Max traction force: 13 N Max screw torque: 5 mnm dimensions in mm mass: 24 g 16N78 11 Winding Type Measured Values Measuring voltage No-load speed Stall torque Average No-load current Typical starting voltage Max. Recomended Values Max. continuous current Max. continuous torque Max. angular acceleration Intrinsic Parameters Back-EMF constant Torque constant Terminal resistance Motor regulation R/k 2 Rotor inductance Rotor inertia Mechanical time constant Executions Single Shaft V rpm mnm ma V A mnm 1 3 rad/s 2 V/1 rpm mnm/a Ohms 1 3 /Nms mh kgm ms With MR2 Gearbox Page 16N78 16N98 B BA R Thermal resistance : rotor-body 7 C/W body-ambient 28 C/W Thermal time constant rotor/stator: 7s / 39s Max. rated coil temperature: 1 C (21 F) Recom. Ambient temperature range: -3 C to +85 C (-22 F to +185 F) Viscous damping constant:.4 x 1-6 Nms Max axial static force for press-fit: 1N (with sleeve bearing only) End play: 15 μm Radial play: 3 μm Shaft runout: 1 μm Max. side load at 5mm from mounting face sleeve bearings 1.5 N ball bearings 3 N Motor fitted with sleeve bearings (ball bearings optional) 7 212P E E E Max. Recommended Speed n(rpm) E M(mNm)