imports and exports } Must learn: the concept of exchange rates & how to calculate exchange rates

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2 } Must learn: the concept of exchange rates & how to calculate exchange rates } Should learn: how exchange rates work and how they affect businesses and consumers } Could learn: the impact of exchange rates on imports and exports

3 Sam wants to download some music from the Internet. He has spent a long time researching and has found three companies who seem to offer the best deals. One is based in the UK, one in the USA and one in Germany. These are the prices they are charging for registration: Tunes unlimited [UK company] - 30 EZiest download [USA company] - $50 Musikwik [German company] - 50 He found out that the exchange rates were: 1 = $ = 1.45 Which would be the best deal for Sam?

4 Sam wants to download some music from the Internet. He has spent a long time researching and has found three companies who seem to offer the best deals. One is based in the UK, one in the USA and one in Germany. These are the prices they are charging for registration: Tunes unlimited [UK company] - 30 EZiest download [USA company] - $50 = 50/1.85 = Musikwik [German company] - 50 He found out that the exchange rates were: 1 = $ = 1.45 Which would be the best deal for Sam?

5 Sam wants to download some music from the Internet. He has spent a long time researching and has found three companies who seem to offer the best deals. One is based in the UK, one in the USA and one in Germany. These are the prices they are charging for registration: Tunes unlimited [UK company] - 30 EZiest download [USA company] - $50 = 50/1.85 = Musikwik [German company] - 50 = 50/1.45 = He found out that the exchange rates were: 1 = $ = 1.45 Which would be the best deal for Sam?

6 Sam wants to download some music from the Internet. He has spent a long time researching and has found three companies who seem to offer the best deals. One is based in the UK, one in the USA and one in Germany. These are the prices they are charging for registration: Tunes unlimited [UK company] - 30 EZiest download [USA company] - $50 = 50/1.85 = Musikwik [German company] - 50 = 50/1.45 = He found out that the exchange rates were: 1 = $ = 1.45 Which would be the best deal for Sam?

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10 } c.co.uk/news/b usiness/market _data/currency /default.stm

11 } Sell } UK export businesses want paying in pounds. } Foreign customers will therefore have to change their currency into pounds to make the payment. } Buy } UK import businesses have to change pounds into foreign currencies to buy from suppliers

12 A business sells exercise equipment to companies in a variety of different countries. Its cycling machine has a price in the UK of 250. How much the equipment would sell for in the following countries: 1 = US Dollar 1.97 Euro 1.52 Turkish Lira 2.76 Australian Dollar 2.54 Japanese Yen 2.39 Canadian Dollar 2.33 } United States } Germany } Turkey } Australia } Japan } Canada

13 Remember Rule } To change pounds into another currency, multiply by the rate. E.g. at 1 = 1.48, 50 changed into Euro would be 50 x 1.48 = 74.

14 A business sells exercise equipment to companies in a variety of different countries. Its cycling machine has a price in the UK of 250. How much the equipment would sell for in the following countries: } United States = $ } Germany = 380 } Turkey = 690 Lira } Australia = AUS$635 } Japan = Yen } Canada = Can$ = US Dollar 1.97 Euro 1.52 Turkish Lira 2.76 Australian Dollar 2.54 Japanese Yen 239 Canadian Dollar 2.33

15 The same business buys in a number of parts for its exercise bicycle from different countries. Use the currency tables to calculate how much it will have to pay for the parts if they are priced in the home country as follows: 1 = Danish Kroner Mexican Peso Indian Rupees Taiwan Dollars } Denmark - Kr150 } Mexico - Peso 500 } India - Rupees 750 } Taiwan - Dollars 690

16 Remember Rule } To change a foreign currency back into pound, divide the sum by the rate. E.g. to change 90 into pounds, divide 90 by 1.48 = 60.81

17 The same business buys in a number of parts for its exercise bicycle from different countries. Use the currency tables to calculate how much it will have to pay for the parts if they are priced in the home country as follows: 1 = Danish Kroner Mexican Peso Indian Rupees Taiwan Dollars Denmark Mexico India Taiwan

18 } For importers, the problem is when exchange rates fall. They can either up the price they have to charge customers or lower their profit margins. } For exporters, rising exchange rates may lead to a fall in the demand for their products and make it much harder for them to be able to compete in foreign markets.

19 Mini Plenary -- Sports Shop Imports Trainers cost you 30 and you want to sell them for 40 Exchange Rate Total cost of 200 trainers [in ] May 1 = 1.47 June 1 = 1.39 More expensive or cheaper than in the previous month? July 1 = 1.43

20 Mini Plenary -- Sports Shop Imports Trainers cost you 30 and you want to sell them for 40 Exchange Rate Total cost of 200 trainers [in ] May 1 = June 1 = 1.39 More expensive or cheaper than in the previous month? July 1 = 1.43

21 Mini Plenary -- Sports Shop Imports Trainers cost you 30 and you want to sell them for 40 Exchange Rate Total cost of 200 trainers [in ] May 1 = More expensive or cheaper than in the previous month? June 1 = More expensive July 1 = 1.43

22 Mini Plenary -- Sports Shop Imports Trainers cost you 30 and you want to sell them for 40 Exchange Rate Total cost of 200 trainers [in ] May 1 = More expensive or cheaper than in the previous month? June 1 = More expensive July 1 = Cheaper

23 A UK fruit wholesaler buys bananas from a supplier in Honduras. The Honduran seller wants to be paid in US dollars. A bunch of ten bananas is currently selling for $20 each. The exchange rate is currently 1 = $1.75. } Q1. How much does the UK buyer have to pay, in pounds, for each bunch of bananas? The exchange rate between the pound and the dollar changes. The pound has appreciated against the dollar and is now standing at 1 = $1.80. } Q2. How much will a bunch of bananas now cost the UK importer? } Q3. Given your answer to the question above, what do you think might be the effect on the UK importer of the change in the exchange rate?

24 A UK fruit wholesaler buys bananas from a supplier in Honduras. The Honduran seller wants to be paid in US dollars. A bunch of ten bananas is currently selling for $20 each. The exchange rate is currently 1 = $1.75. } Q1. How much does the UK buyer have to pay, in pounds, for each bunch of bananas? The exchange rate between the pound and the dollar changes. The pound has appreciated against the dollar and is now standing at 1 = $1.80. } Q2. How much will a bunch of bananas now cost the UK importer? } Q3. Given your answer to the question above, what do you think might be the effect on the UK importer of the change in the exchange rate? Stronger reduces costs for the importer

25 } The value of the UK pound against other currencies is called its exchange rate } Exporters prefer a weaker because it makes their products appear cheaper to foreign customers } Importers prefer a stronger because it lowers the price they have to pay suppliers

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28 } Explain in detail the meaning of import and export and why is it affected by exchange rates (5 Marks)