Development Strategies for Maximizing East Texas Oil Field Production

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1 Development Strategies for Maximizing East Texas Oil Field Production Fred Wang Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin RPSEA Onshore Production Conference: Technological Keys to Enhance Production Operations September 25, 2013 Houston, Texas 1 rpsea.org

2 Location Map (a) East Texas Basin (b) East Texas field Upshur Co. Woodbine outcrop Dallas Cored wells for this study (4) Lanthrop #1 East Texas field East Texas Basin Sabine Uplift Smith Co. (3) L. D. Crim #1 Gregg Co. Rusk Co. 20 mi (2) Ashby #1 (1) Discovery well Daisy Bradford #3 2 Basin axis Cherokee Co.

3 East Texas Oil Field Studies Pilot Study funded by STARR Castleberry Survey South ARCO WF Area South Kilgore Unit RPSEA ETOF Strategy $1.4 M funded by RPSEA in 2010 Cost shared by Danmark and Linder October March 2013 Pilot study area South Pilot Area South Kilgore Unit Castleberry Survey (North Pilot Area) 3

4 ETOF Strategy Project To unlock remaining mobile oil through economically viable technologies for ETOF and other mature fields: To map depositional trends and reservoir architectures To locate depositional-trend-guided workovers, deepening and waterfloods, and To study the feasibility of EOR methods and their environmental impacts 4

5 Project Goal Project Goal Workover/ EOR Miniwaterfllod 78 MMSTB of Remaining reserve 5

6 Well Completion Depths Top of Woodbine Base of Woodbine 6

7 Woodbine Depositional Setting 30 miles Stringer Main Woodbine 7 Modified from Ambrose & Tucker, 2010 NASA

8 Lowstand Incised-Valley Section Log GR SP Res. Core 2 in. 50 ft Austin Main Woodbine 20 ft Stringer Cities Service Killingsworth #B-2 SB_30 8 From Ambrose & Tucker, in.

9 Lower Woodbine: South Pilot Area N S GR SP Res GR SP Res Top of Woodbine GR SP Res GR SP Res Austin Group LWB_40 LWB_30 LWB_20 LWB_10 Buda 50 ft SPA 1 Core labels: 2 in. across Ambrose & Tucker, ,000 ft

10 Log Correlation Castleberry Survey NW SE From Hentz et al.,

11 Stratigraphic Units South of Castleberry Survey Main Woodbine Base Main Upper Stringer Stringers Lower Stringer Maness Shale Modified from Docker, Note that the base Main Woodbine can be locally isolated with a risk of high water cut.

12 Stratigraphic Units Near Middle Part of the Field Note that the base of Main Woodbine and stringer sandstones are difficult to correlate. A North Watson #55 GR Res Watson #8 GR Res Top of Main Woodbne Base of Main Woodbne Peterson #16 GR Res Peterson #3 GR Res Main Woodbine Crim #160 GR Res Christian #7 GR Watson #55 A A A South Still #1 GR Res F2 Stringer Core F1 12 Buda

13 (a) Upper Stringer Sandstone (c) Total Castleberry Survey (b) Lower 13 Net sandstone Isopach from Docker, 2012

14 Field Tests - Danmark No. of Workovers 17 (Deepening, Recompletion and Cleaning) No. of Success Workovers 10 Success Ratio 0.6 Cost ~$1 M Incremental Oil Production >110,000 STB EUR >150,000 STB 14

15 Results of Field Tests - Danmark Moncrief #38 Deepened in 1982 Cost: $35,000 IP: 90 BOPD Cum.: ~20,000STB Not deep enough Castleberry Survey Akin #10 Cost: $92,000 IP: 39 BOPD Cum.: ~16,000STB Upper Stringer Upper Stringer New deepening with oil New deepening with water Boston Moore #9 Cost: $9,000 IP: 50 BOPD Cum: ~20,000 STB Akin B- #15 Cost: $101,000 Water 15 Upper Stringer Net sandstone Isopach from Docker, 2012 Upper Stringer

16 Results of Field Tests - Danmark Highlights Cost Share $700,000 Cost of Tests ~$1,000,000 Turner #15 Cost: $105,000 IP: 13 BOPD Cum.: ~3,300 STB 09/2012 Bassham #8 IP: 72 BOPD Moncrief #22 Cost: $135,000 IP: 40 BOPD Cum.: ~13,000STB Not deep enough Castleberry Survey Moncrief #38 Cost: $35,000 IP: 90 BOPD Cum.: ~20,000STB Akin #10 Cost: $92,000 IP: 39 BOPD Cum.: ~16,000STB Production >110,000 STB Boston Moore #9 Cost: $9,000 IP: 50 BOPD Cum: ~20,000 STB Boston Moore A- #1 IP: 10 BOPD Cum.: 3,300 STB EUR >150,000 STB Boston Moore #2 IP: 31 BOPD Cum.: 11,000 STB New deepening with oil New deepening with water Boston Moore #14 12/11: 17 BOPD Cum.: ~17,000 STB 09/2012 Boston Moore #17 IP: 15.8 BOPD Net sandstone Isopach from Docker,

17 Other Operators Field Results Tuttle (06404) # # Bander (06354) #2 18 #3 20 #10 25 Todd-Stinchcomb , ,252 #1 22 #2 17 # #4 28 #6 27 # # # #10 65 #14 80 #16 18 #17 27 # # # #21 30 #22 50 Akin (06352) #2 15 #4 14 # # # #19 32 #20 20 Burnside -B- (0675) # # # Castleberry Survey Other operators workovers Zone Energy Waterflooding Near South Kilgore Unit 17 Net sandstone Isopach from Docker, 2012

18 Castleberry Survey Future Prospects Danmark workovers Other operators workovers Future prospects Net sandstone Isopach from Docker,

19 Mid-Term Strategies for ETOF Production Enhancement Laboratory tests of CO 2 flooding Minimum miscible pressure Immiscible Miscible Laboratory tests of Surfactant flooding Alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) 19

20 ETOF Crude and CO 2 Phase Behavior (a) Swelling factor (b) Minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) Slimtube tests 20

21 21 ETOF CO 2 Slimtube Tests

22 22 ETOF CO 2 Flooding Results

23 CO 2 Flooding Pro High-quality reservoir and low gravity effect Con Most likely immiscible process Low reservoir pressure of ~1250 psi MMP~1780 psi (for 38 o API at 130 to 146 o F) Low residual oil saturation Unfavorable mobility ratio Lateral CO 2 containment Casing leaks 23

24 Alkaline-Surfactant Flooding (ASP) (a) Phase Behavoir (b) Berea Sandstone (c) ETOF Core 24

25 Alkaline-Surfactant Flooding Lower oil recovery by alkaline-surfactant flooding (ASP) using ETOF cores than Berea cores might have stemmed from the high adsorption of surfactant by clay minerals and the optimal three-phase condition did not occurred. More lab tests will be needed to find the optimal compositions for ETOF. 25

26 Summaries 26 Best Giant Oil Field Recovery efficiency Current 78% Ultimate 80% Reservoir Architecture Upper Woodbine sandstone Lower stringer sandstones fluvial channel deltaic Production Strategies Depositional-system guided recompletion Cleaning Waterfloods EOR Field Demonstration Results Danmark >100,000 STB produced, EUR >150,000 STB Other operators Basa, SND, Zone Energy EOR Laboratory Tests Lower than expected recoveries from CO2 and ASP floodings

27 Contacts PI: Fred Wang The University of Texas at Austin Bureau of Economic Geology RPSEA PM: Martha Cather

Search and Discovery Article #40356 (2008) Posted October 24, 2008. Abstract

Search and Discovery Article #40356 (2008) Posted October 24, 2008. Abstract Quantifying Heterogeneities and Their Impact from Fluid Flow in Fluvial-Deltaic Reservoirs: Lessons Learned from the Ferron Sandstone Outcrop Analogue* Peter E. Deveugle 1, Matthew D. Jackson 1, Gary J.