Challenges in implementation of the National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP)

Transcription

1 Challenges in implementation of the National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) Paramita Datta Dey Workshop on Innovative Practices in Water Supply and Sanitation March 10-11, 2014, CIPS, Vijayawada 1

2 The National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) envisions transforming urban areas in the country into community driven, sanitized, healthy and livable cities and towns. The specific policy goals include awareness generation and behaviour change open-defecation free cities, and integrated city-wide sanitation 2

3 Goals of the NIUA-NUSP project To support states and cities to develop State Sanitation Strategies (SSS) and City Sanitation Plans (CSP) To provide impetus to state and city activities and recognize excellence in performance in urban sanitation To promote community awareness and healthy competition among cities through periodic rating and ranking of cities 3

4 Expected outcomes All states will have State Sanitation Strategy (SSS) All cities will have City Sanitation Plan (CSP) Ranking and selection of cities for Nirmal Shahar Puraskar 4

5 Key Building Blocks of NUSP City Sanitation Rating State Sanitation Strategies City Sanitation Plans Financial assistance from existing Schemes Awareness Generation Capacity Building 5

6 Expected Outputs: The activities for the implementation of NUSP were designed to promote participatory planning for delivery of sanitation services. knowledge management for experience-sharing and exchange among all stakeholders enhanced opportunities in capacity building across all tiers of government and civil society. 6

7 NUSP Implementation Mechanism External Aid Agencies such as WSP, USAID, ADB, GIZ, JICA etc. Other Central Ministries City Sanitation Plans Urban Local Bodies Technical Assistance City Sanitation Plans MoUD NAGUS State Sanitation Strategy State Governments MoUD played a central and pivotal role in initial years for familiarizing NUSP for implementation. This was necessary considering that all NUSP frameworks needed to be established at the state and city levels. 7

8 Achievements NUSP has brought attention to the much neglected area of Urban Sanitation in the country It has brought to the fore issues such as Open Defecation, Septage Management, need for integrated urban sanitation plans, etc. Eleven states have submitted their draft State Sanitation Strategy (SSS) About 73 cities have submitted their draft City Sanitation Plans (CSPs). Nirmal Shahar Puraskar: The cell helped MoUD in the national sanitation rating exercise. One round of rating of cities under the Nirmal Shahar Puraskar has been carried out between December 2009 and April Preparations for the second round of rating is under process. 8

9 Institutional strengthening - The cell coordinated closely with the state technical cells and facilitated knowledge exchange. State level technical cells: e.g. State Institute for Urban Development (SIUD) in Karnataka, State Urban Development Authority (SUDA) at Chattisgarh. Communication and Training Workshops: facilitated the training at the state and city level through the nodal agencies and the partner multi and bilateral agencies. 9

10 Not applicable in case of dump yard / pvt. sector Institutional Arrangements for Sanitation sub sectors Role Community Toilets Public Toilets SWM (collection & transport) SWM (processing & disposal) Policy & std - MoUD & CPHEEO On-site sanitation Sewerage/ SWD Asset creation ULB (Engg wing) ULB (Engg wing) ULB (Engg wing) ULB (Engg wing) Households PHED / ULB Engg Wing) O & M ULB (health Dept.) ULB (health Dept.) ULB (health Dept.) Households PHED / ULB Engg Wing) Oversight & Tariff Setting - Elected Council Land titles - ULB and Revenue Dept 10

11 Key lessons learned Need to focus on process of policy delivery in addition to emphasis on technical details. Documentation of process of policy implementation to sustain efforts of the programme and create institutional memory. Handholding after change of leadership for the sustenance of the programme Increased capacity building by training and handholding Web-enabled networking and knowledge management to exchange and document good initiatives and challenges faced e.g. Knowledge Hub. 11

12 Challenges Instil ownership of SSS and CSPs among state and city functionaries. Pool expertise, mobilize finance and use IEC for preparation and implementation of CSPs Mobilize financial resources for citywide sanitation in the perspective of SSS and city-level five-year-plans Develop quality inter-temporal database for planning and monitoring progress Convergence of the goals and strategies of policies and programs being implemented at the national and state level 12

13 Two root causes to all challenges faced by ULBs Access to finance The poor financial position of ULBs coupled with large requirements to expand coverage means that ULBs are dependent heavily on external means of finance. Institutional and Capacity Related: Lack of autonomy and accountability within the institutional framework Limited capacity of officials to tackle a variety of issues faced by ULBs such as choice of appropriate technology, social issues, behaviour change related issues etc. 13

14 NUSP Vision & Goals Modest start and still a long way to go Vision: All Indian cities and towns become totally sanitized, healthy and liveable and ensure and sustain good public health and environmental outcomes for all their citizens with a special focus on hygienic and affordable sanitation facilities for the urban poor and women. Awareness Generation and Behavior Change Open Defecation Free Cities Comprehensive communication Plan yet to be in place As per Census of % OD Integrated City-wide sanitation Only about 73 cities have prepared CSPs The pace of NUSP implementation needs acceleration. Linkages in key NUSP Implementation Frameworks need strengthening Setting up measurable and achievable targets for NUSP roll-out needs to be created to monitor progress NUSP roll out needs to be supported by clear Operation Plan backed up with solid technical (and financial) support from the national level 14

15 World Bank Study on Identification and Evaluation of Options for Implementation of NUSP Inferences from States: Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh Experience 15

16 Flush/pour flush latrine connected to Pit latrine Service Latrine No Latrine within premis es Census of 2011 indicates that Madhya Pradesh lags behind Andhra Pradesh and all India Average in Household Sanitation Open Public latrine Night soil serviced by animals Night soil removed by Human Night soil disposed into open drain Without Slab/ Open pit With slab/ ventilated improved pit Other system Septic tank Piped sewer system Andhra Pradesh Madhya Pradesh India Both the States have adopted different approaches to support NUSP Implementation and Urban Sanitation Sector. 16

17 Overview of Initiatives taken by State Government of Andhra Pradesh for Urban Sanitation Sector Advisory Support for Public Toilets Regional Waste-to-Energy Projects Clean City Championship between all ULBs in the State for IEC Special Sanitation Drive to combat monsoon related diseases Other Initiatives Know Your Worker, IEC Through MEPMA Focus on SWM with commitment of 100% of 12 th Finance Commission funds At present the State Sanitation Strategy is not operational. (Draft is prepared by ASCI). There is limited dedicated capacity at the State level to guide cities for NUSP Implementation. ASCI and GIZ are key technical resource agencies supporting the State government for NUSP Implementation. 17

18 Overview of Key Initiatives taken by State Government of Madhya Pradesh for Urban Sanitation Sector Madhya Pradesh launched an Integrated Urban Sanitation Program (IUSP) in 2009 preceded by an Urban Cleanliness Survey in towns were selected for Phase 1 of the program, with a target to cover all the ULBs in 5 years. State Sanitation Committee and State Sanitation Cell were established to provide institutional support to the program. State Government allocated INR 8.5 Cr. ( ) & INR Cr. ( ) for implementing the program Initial signs of success was achieved in IUSP with three towns declared Open Defecation free. Based on experience gained in IUSP, a much more ambitious CM s Urban Sanitation Mission is launched recently with overall outlay of INR 459 crore. In addition, MP has prepared a State Sanitation Vision and is actively looking at expanding support for the Sanitation sector by engaging with private sector and external aid agencies. 18

19 Revised focus of CM s Urban Sanitation Mission is on Open Defecation Free Cities (MP) 19

20 Comparison of State Approaches adopted by two States Andhra Pradesh While Andhra Pradesh has taken several initiatives, these are not based on a comprehensive and integrated Strategy as envisaged in NUSP. This has resulted in several areas not receiving inadequate attention in the State such as Open Defecation and Septage Management while certain other areas such as SWM have received more attention The direction of State s support to ULBs is driven more by individual initiatives. Government of Andhra Pradesh has now recognized the need to expand its support for NUSP implementation and proposed to create a multidisciplinary cell at the State level. Madhya Pradesh In contrast, Madhya Pradesh has prepared a State Sanitation Strategy backed by a dedicated funding program. This has resulted in several ULBs showing keen interest for NUSP implementation. While it is pre-mature to say that a large scale impact has been achieved, the direction of the MP government s support is aligned with NUSP. 20

21 NUSP Implementation Mechanism Going Forward (Proposed) MoUD NAGUS Other Central Ministries State Sanitation Strategy External Aid Agencies etc. State Governments Other State Agencies and Departments ULB - 1 ULB - 2 City Sanitation Plans ULB - n Going forward the State governments need to play a central and pivotal role for NUSP implementation. This is essential for large scale roll-out of NUSP. MoUD needs to expand it s role as a facilitator and catalyst with higher focus on working with State Governments. 21

22 Role of State Governments : Needs Ownership & Commitment Key Imperatives Key Strategies State governments to play more active role for NUSP implementation Prioritizing State Sanitation Strategy- Measure of progress against targets Create a Roadmap for NUSP implementation Continuous interaction, guidance and co-ordination with ULBs to give thrust to NUSP implementation. Strategic Planning and sourcing of financing for the Sector Consolidating finances from different programs / schemes Mobilizing funds through various sources such as PPP projects, external assistance, GoI schemes etc. Act as a Think-tank for ULBs to evolve State specific strategies Create shared technical capacity for use by all ULBs Create standard, toolkits, templates, guidelines, model documents etc. for use by all ULBs Resolve legal, policy and regulatory issues Conceptualize regional projects Dissemination of best practices 22

23 NUSP Implementation Support by State Governments Help ULBs implement CSPs and accountable to achieve NUSP goals Strengthen Technical Capacity of State government by deploying a State Sanitation Unit Provide access to finance for the Sector through a dedicated program for Sanitation Sector Develop a Comprehensive State Sanitation Strategy Strategic Roadmap to support NUSP Implementation at the State level 23

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