Madhya Pradesh Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Programme, WaterAid

Transcription

1 Mobile Based Monitoring System (MBMS) for Tracking Toilet Usage and Hygiene Practices through ICT support in Madhya Pradesh under Swachh Bharat Mission 1. Introduction As per baseline 2012, about 3/4 IHHL are found functional in the rural area of Madhya Pradesh. The State strives to achieve MDG target through various initiatives like Swachh Madhya Pradesh Abhiyan, Global Handwashing Day, Bal Swachhata Mission etc. All these have helped Madhya Pradesh to achieve first in Physical progress of construction of toilers in the country. While the State and Central schemes are assisting in access to toilets, it is equally important to monitor the usage of toilets and hygiene behaviour amongst People. Continuous monitoring will help to achieve larger goals of safe sanitation for improved health and hygiene. Madhya Pradesh Water and Sanitation Programme (MPWASH) of the Madhya Pradesh Technical Assistant and Support Team () has piloted using ICT based monitoring systems for tracking sanitation infrastructure and use of toilets in rural areas. An android based application has been developed by a technical agency OneWorld. The application uses internet and GPS assisted mobile technologies to gather geo-spatial information on rural toilets and its usage by collecting and transmitting credible data in real-time. The intervention is piloted in Icchawar block of Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh implemented by Samarthan, which is a partner under MPWASH programme. The block consists of 70 Gram Panchayats and about households. 2. Objectives (i) To develop, implement and demonstrate ICT based framework, (ii) To develop improved systems for monitoring use of toilets and hygiene practices and (iii) To develop baseline and progressively monitor sanitation infrastructures while building a usable digital database which would provide a coherent, systematic and cost effective monitoring system. This initiative will also strengthen the engagement of Swachata Doots (Sanitation messengers) and Village Health and Sanitation Committee (called Swasth Gram Tadrat Samiti in Madhya Pradesh state) towards effective implementation of sanitation programme. It is envisaged that activation of these committees and volunteers can improve the status of sanitation as well.

2 3. Methodology and Approach The data monitoring system is designed in triangular approach (see chart) to ensure quality and authenticity. At first level, data collection with the help of Swachhata Doots. Mobile survey is conducted to know the status of physical toilet availability and its usage, hygiene practises along with the photograph of the sanitation infrastructure (IHHL) with their locational parameters using GPS/Assisted GPS. It is a fact that without water and hygiene practices sustainable usage of toilet and protection would always be questionable, therefore, data on availability of water for sanitation and drinking purposes, status of hygiene practices among the households such as hand washing with soap before eating and after defecation, methods of disposal of child excreta, solid and liquid waste disposal are also gathered. The mobile directly transmit the recorded data to a designated server through GPRS, 3G or Wireless Internet connectivity. The central server (at MPWASH office) compiled all data generated through mobile survey and anchor the reporting modules for the program through generating Web based MIS reports on a regular basis for all concerned stakeholders, functionaries and the public. Complete mobile solution, platform and interface are available in local language, i.e. Hindi. In Web MIS there is a feature of google map view and all surveyed household are marked on the map according to their geo-tagging positions. Surveyed households appears in Green, Yellow and Red colour based on their status on toilet availability and its usage, defunct or not in use and no toilet respectively. Secondly, as part of validation process, the report is shared with the community who validates the web MIS reports and information available in the village through community meeting. Swachhata Doots facilitate the meetings along with village level committees formed for improving WASH status of village. The validation exercise helps community to understand the situation of village in terms of open defecation and toilet usage. The validation exercise further helps in motivating as well as sensitizing those households who defecate in the open. Moreover, it also initiates debates in the community and with the efforts of Swachhata Doots which helps to generate a enabling environment for the concerned community to take action to improve sanitation situation. Thirdly, Panchayat as well as block officials monitors the progress on map. Further with the help of Web MIS and SMS alerts options they can take corrective measure improve sanitation status in the gram Panchayat. This cycle is a continuous process and on every quarter Swachhata Doots will updates the mobile survey data, which will provides comparative analysis of changes happening in GP on improved aspects of WASH.

3 4. Key Steps followed in the Pilot Process Customisation of software design and mobile application in consultation with MPWASH. The data capturing format was approved by department of Panchayat and Rural Development, Govt. of MP. Installation of necessary software and technical setup for mobile application and web based MIS system. Orientation of block coordinators, Swachh Bharat Mission, Sarpanch and Secretary of Icchawar block and other govt. officials on mobile application and its usage. Identification and selection of GP wise Swachhata Doots from 70 GPs of Icchawar block. Organization of Gram Sabha meetings with the support of block administration. Promote community monitoring system for effective use of mobile MIS at GP level. Share MIS findings with block district administration on a regular basis. Engagement of district administration in tracking NBA performance with the help of MMIS and institutionalized the process in administrative set-up. Generate MMIS results and reports based on real-time data collection on toilet usage. Develop a data bank on Swachhata Doots and VHSC and share with block administration. Initial orientation of Swachhata Doots followed by 3 days residential training of their roles and mobile monitoring system. Provides one smart mobile handset on two GPs to facilitate mobile survey. Provides handholding support to Swachhata Doots in data collection and validation exercises. Capacity building of VHSC on utility of mobile MIS. Facilitate validation of household data on usage of toilets in VHSC/Gram Sabha with the help of Swachhata Doots.

4 5. Results and Analysis Web based MIS reports, dashboard and map view will provide various macro analysis on physical progress of toilet and its usage. Further GP wise list of households with toilets, without toilets, defunct toilet, missing toilets and not functional toilets will help GP and Swachhata Doots in improved planning, monitoring and implementation at GP level. Various indicators/data captured in the surevey-such as design of toiles, water availability, and solid and liquid waste management help in designing further strategies for GP. As mobile survey is continuous process, therefore, on a quarterly basis comparative analysis can be generate, which will use as one of the basis of progress review by the CEO Janpad in block meetings. The notification system and SMS alerts options will updates regularly to the concern stakeholders. In comparison to online data of Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) and this mobile MIS data of five GPs given below indicates better progress on ground. One of the reasons could be slow online data entry on SBM portal. The update information will help decision makers in taking appropriate decisions on time. In this application every household can be easily located on map with their details and photographs. The concentration of Green, Yellow and Red in the given map represent the status of GP namely Amlah and Mundla as near saturation ( Green), while situation in Kheri is average ( yellow) and Arya is far behind in terms of physical progress of toilets ( Red).

5 6. Scope of Upscale Experience of pilot indicates that it is an effective monitoring system to track the usage of toilets through ICT support. The triangular approach play important role in improving sanitation status. On technical aspects, the software is tested and with some customization it can be used in upscaling. The upscale requires capital investment for purchasing mobile handsets and data collection cost as incentive to the Swachhata Doot/village level field facilitator. It is tested that one mobile handset is enough for data collection between 3 GPs. As far as Swachhata Doot incentives are concern it is already provisioned under the guidelines of Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan/Swachh Bharat Mission. Advantage Geo-tagging details of toilets (control on misuse) Real time data update on various WASH indicators Learnings of pilot save time Analysis help in planning and monitoring using real time data Web MIS and Map view provides better analysis on WASH indicators Regular engagement of SD and VHSCs make then functional Equipment and time Support and Cost Up Scale cost on one GP Mobile handset (share between 3 GPs) Per day per Households survey One GP needs 20 to 30 days (3 GPs can cover in one quarter) One field facilitator (preferably Swachhata Doots or any village level volunteer like ASHA, Rozgar Sahayak etc.) Equipment cost (mobile around Rs7000 per GP) Software customization cost