Crisis Management VOLUME I

Transcription

1 SAGE LIBRARY IN BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT Crisis Management VOLUME I Edited by Arjen Boin Los Angeles London New Delhi Singapore

2 Appendix of Sources Editor's Introduction: Fundamentals of Crisis Development and Crisis Management: An Introduction to Critical Crisis Readings Arjen Boin ix xvii VOLUME I Part I: Causes and Dynamics 1. From Industrial Society to the Risk Society: Questions of Survival, Social Structure and Ecological Enlightenment Ulrich Beck 1 2. Existential Risks: Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards Nick Bostrom Globalizing an Agenda for Contingencies and Crisis Management: An Editorial Statement Uriel Rosenthal and Alexander Kouzmin The Contribution of Latent Human Failures to the Breakdown of Complex Systems James Reason The Organizational and Interorganizational Development of Disasters 78 Barry A. Turner 6. The "Logic" of Organizational Irrationality Paul R. Schulman A Strawman Speaks Up: Comments on The Limits of Safety 113 Todd R. LaPorte 8. Complexity, Tight-Coupling and Reliability: Connecting Normal Accidents Theory and High Reliability Theory Jos A. Rijpma The Trickle-Down Effect: Policy Decisions, Risky Work, and the Challenger Tragedy Diane Vaughan The Vulnerable System: An Analysis of the Tenerife Air Disaster 153 KarlE. Weick 11. The Collapse of Sensemaking in Organizations: The Mann Gulch Disaster KarlE. Weick Chaos in the Underground: Spontaneous Collapse in a Tightly-Coupled System Paul Ellis Understanding Prison Riots: Towards a Threshold Theory 220 Arjen Boin and William A.R. Rattray

3 vi contents 14. From 'Normal Incidents' to Political Crises: Understanding the Selective Politicization of Policy Failures Annika Briindstrom and 238 Sanneke Kuipers 15. The Future is Not the Past Repeated: Projecting Disasters in the 21st Century from Current Trends E.L. Quarantelli Emergent Groups in Established Frameworks: Ottawa Carleton's Response to the 1998 Ice Disaster Joseph Scanlon Rethinking Security: Organizational Fragility in Extreme Events 290 Louise K. Comfort 18. Understanding the French 2003 Heat Wave Experience: Beyond the Heat, a Multi-Layered Challenge Patrick Lagadec 305 Part II: Challenges of Crisis Management 19. Ten Research Derived Principles of Disaster Planning 321 E.L. Quarantelli 20. Towards the Development of a Standard in Emergency Planning 325 David Alexander 21. Preparedness for Emergency Response: Guidelines for the Emergency Planning Process Ronald W. Perry and Michael K. Lindell 342 VOLUME II Part II: Challenges of Crisis Management (Continued) 22. Refraining Crisis Management Christine M. Pearson and Judith A. Clair Toward a Systemic Crisis Management Strategy: Learning from the Best Examples in the US, Canada and France Thierry C. Pauchant, 25 Ian I. Mitroffand Patrick Lagadec 24. Disaster Crisis Management: A Summary of Research Findings 45 E.L. Quarantelli 25. Working in Practice but Not in Theory: Theoretical Challenges of "High-Reliability Organizations" Todd R. LaPorte and 57 Paula M. Consolini 26. State Behavior in International Crisis: A Model Michael Brecher Crisis Simulations: Exploring Tomorrow's Vulnerabilities and Threats 109 Arjen Boin, Celesta Kofman-Bos and Werner Overdijk 28. Bridging the Two Cultures of Risk Analysis Sheila Jasanoff 123

4 contents vii 29. Homeland Security Warnings: Lessons Learned and Unlearned 133 Benigno E. Aguirre 30. Blindsided? September 11 and the Origins of Strategic Surprise 142 Charles F. Parker and Eric K. Stern 31. Governing by Looking Back: Historical Analogies and Crisis Management Annika Brdndstrom, Fredrik Bynander and Paul't Hart Toxic Fear: The Management of Uncertainty in the Wake of the Amsterdam Air Crash Arjen Boin, Menno van Duin and Liesbet Heyse Some Consequences of Crisis Which Limit the Viability of Organizations Charles F. Hermann Crisis Decision Making: The Centralization Thesis Revisited 225 Paul't Hart, Uriel Rosenthal and Alexander Kouzmin 35. Experts and Decision Makers in Crisis Situations Uriel Rosenthal and 250 Paul 't Hart 36. Designs for Crisis Decision Units Carolyne Smart and Ban Vertinsky Indicators of Stress in Policymakers during Foreign Policy Crises 286 Margaret G. Hermann 38. The Nature and Conditions of Panic E.L. Quarantelli Organizational Adaptation to Crises: Mechanisms of Coordination and Structural Change Russell R. Dynes and B.E. Aguirre The Bureau-Politics of Crisis Management Uriel Rosenthal, 326 Paul 't Hart and Alexander Kouzmin 41. Contingent Coordination: Practical and Theoretical Puzzles for 348 Homeland Security Donald F. Kettl VOLUME III Part II: Challenges of Crisis Management (Continued) 42. Public Leadership in Times of Crisis: Mission Impossible? 1 Arjen Boin and Paul't Hart 43. Foot-and-Mouth 2001: The Politics of Crisis Management 16 Allan McConnell and Alastair Stark 44. Organizing for High Reliability: Processes of Collective Mindfulness 31 Karl E. Weick, Kathleen M. Sutcliffe and David Obstfeld 45. Elements of Resilience after the World Trade Center Disaster: Reconstituting New York City's Emergency Operations Centre 67 James M. Kendra and Tricia Wachtendorf

5 viii contents Part III: Consequences of Crisis and Crisis Management 46. Symbols, Rituals and Power: The Lost Dimensions of Crisis Management Paul't Hart Organizational Learning under Fire: Theory and Practice 105 Kathleen M. Carley and John R. Harrald 48. Learning under Pressure: The Effects of Politicization on Organizational Learning in Public Bureaucracies 126 Sander Dekker and Dan Hansen 49. Scapegoats, Villains, and Disasters Thomas E. Drabeck 146 and Enrico L. Quarantelli 50. Toward a Politics of Disaster: Losses, Values, Agendas, and Blame 154 Richard Stuart Olson 51. The Risk Game and the Blame Game Christopher Hood Overview: Crisis Management, Influences, Responses and Evaluation 187 Allan McConnell 53. Escalating in a Quagmire: The Changing Dynamics of the Emergency Management Policy Subsystem Gary L. Wamsley and 202 Aaron D. Schroeder 54. Disaster and the Sequence-Pattern Concept of Social Change 219 Lowell Juilliard Carr 55. Opening the Window for Reform: Mandates, Crises, and Extraordinary Policy-Making John T.S. Keeler Political Responsibility for Bureaucratic Incompetence: Tragedy at Cave Creek Robert Gregory Crisis and Learning: A Conceptual Balance Sheet Eric Stern Housing Issues after Disasters Mary C. Comerio Psychosocial Care and Shelter Following the Bijlmermeer Air Disaster Marceline B.R. Kroon and Werner I.E. Overdijk The Emotional Effects of Disaster on Children: A Review of the Literature L. Aptekar andj. Boore 340