MAKING SENSE OF WI-FI:

Transcription

1 Duncan Aviation Field Guide MAKING SENSE OF WI-FI: AN OPERATOR S GUIDE TO AIRCRAFT INTERNET OPTIONS By Steve Elofson, Gary Harpster, Justin Vena and Adrian Chene Duncan Aviation, Inc.

2 MAKING SENSE OF WI-FI As operators research Wi-Fi and in-flight internet options, it s easy to get confused with all the systems, capabilities and coverage zones. Let s make sense of it all. Passenger preferences are a key factor in identifying aircraft communications requirements. When researching aircraft communications solutions for a business aircraft, it s best to begin with the passengers preferences, as their expectations will largely determine the system requirements. Additionally, determining where an aircraft operates and what equipment is currently installed are also essential to selecting a high-speed data (HSD) system. The data system, in turn, will determine what Wi-Fi options are available. Aircraft size, service plans and installing agency experience and capabilities also present additional points for consideration. This document explores the various issues operators face when selecting Wi-Fi for business aircraft, and a comparison of the major service providers and main equipment options for business aircraft. A BRIEF HISTORY OF IN-FLIGHT WI-FI Executives tend to use business aircraft as airborne offices, and frequently equip them with the same access to information as their ground-based counterparts. As recently as 2005, passengers were still hamstrung by 2.4 to 64 kbps connection speeds. 1 High-speed solutions offered much higher bandwidth but the equipment was too large to fit on anything but the largest business aircraft. 2 Global data solutions were also rather limited. 2 Today, more service networks are available that offer a variety of connection speeds. Geographic coverage has improved and smaller equipment packages are available for a much wider variety of aircraft sizes. Wi-Fi is a more recent addition to aircraft communications, says Chad Ostertag, Avionics Installation Representative at Duncan Aviation-Battle Creek. Solutions are now available for most data systems in operation, but whether the solutions are certified is another story, he says. WHAT IS WI-FI? Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance that suggests Wireless Fidelity, 3 which refers 1 George, Fred. Broadband Comes of Age for Business Aircraft. Aviation Week. January, Pg 44, default/files/publications/broadband_aircell.pdf 2 SwiftBroadband & Dial Up Comparison. YouTube video. Aircell. June 5, KHlwPo&feature=player_embedded 3 Wi-Fi. Wikipedia. December 20, Duncan Aviation, Inc. 2 of 14

3 Without internet, Wi-Fi can t connect to the outside world. MAKING SENSE OF WI-FI to the communication standard for wireless devices like smartphones and laptops. 4 In-flight Wi-Fi is essentially a wireless network installed onboard an aircraft, says Steve Elofson, Avionics Installation Sales Rep. at Duncan Aviation s Lincoln, Neb. full-service facility. He explains that using in-flight Wi-Fi is much like using a wireless router at home or a public Wi-Fi service at a coffee shop, hotel or restaurant: the device detects the hotspot and can connect to it. Like any home network with a wireless router, people can enable their devices to access information shared through Wi-Fi without using cables to connect to a physical data port. However, without an internet connection, Wi-Fi won t be able to connect to the outside world. The same concept applies to inflight Wi-Fi: a wireless router alone isn t enough to access the internet. A data connection is necessary, which can be achieved with a highspeed data (HSD) connection. WHAT IS HIGH-SPEED DATA? High-speed data, also referred to as broadband or in-flight internet, is the data pipe to the aircraft that supports internet access. Wireless routers certified for aircraft use interface with the HSD equipment to provide Wi-Fi onboard an aircraft, says Steve. Ground-based communications provide the fastest connection speeds, operating very much like what a person would experience in a home or office environment. However, these solutions don t activate until an aircraft is above 10,000 feet, and are only available within the continental United States. Most satellite-based communications offer slower connection speeds (except Kuband), and offer greater availability. These solutions offer a connection during all phases of flight with very few geographical limitations. WIRED VS WIRELESS ACCESSIBILITY Aircraft equipped with inflight internet may not have the necessary hardware to support Wi-Fi for laptops and mobile devices installed by default. In such cases, wired Ethernet ports allow laptops to connect to the internet. Wired connections are easier to certify 4 and offer a marginal advantage in connection speed. However, passengers are limited to those seats where ports are available, and connections may become scarce if passengers carry two or more devices that require an internet connection. Additionally, Apple iphones and BlackBerrys cannot connect to the internet through an Ethernet port. 4 Wi-Fi connectivity removes the restrictions where devices can be used, eliminates Ethernet cords and supports greater numbers and types of devices. 4 Wired or Wi-Fi: Which is My Best Option? Aircell. March, aircell.com/sites/default/files/publications/ AircellBrief101_March09.pdf 2014 Duncan Aviation, Inc. 3 of 14

4 Wired Ethernet ports don t support all wireless devices, like iphones and Blackberrys. MAKING SENSE OF WI-FI APPLICATIONS Adding a Wi-Fi router to a business aircraft s internet source will support most, if not all, laptops and mobile devices now and in the near future. This includes Blackberry-, iphone-, ipad -, and Android enabled devices. Besides internet access, this combination can also support Virtual Private Network (VPN) access, desktop screen sharing, video conferencing and wireless cabin controls. WI-FI BENEFITS Increased productivity. Immediate accessibility. High-Speed Data benefits. Improved access to information. More functional cabin experience. Supports all Wi-Fi enabled devices. Improves accessibility throughout the cabin. Enables web browsing, screen sharing and video conferencing. Eliminates the use of Ethernet cords and port availability issues. PLANNING A WI-FI INSTALLATION Selecting a data solution for in-flight internet is a lot like choosing a cell phone company, says Steve. Data connection speeds, network availability, equipment costs and monthly data plans all factor into the equation. Several HSD solutions are available from several equipment manufacturers and service providers. Not all solutions include Wi-Fi connectivity by default, and some system configurations don t have wireless solutions available yet, says Chad. Understanding how passengers will use an in-flight internet connection is essential to identifying a suitable airborne communications system. Passengers who limit their data use to text-only s and don t mind delays of several minutes may find a narrowband connection adequate. attachments, web surfing and VPN connections will require an intermediate internet connection. Graphic-intensive surfing, large attachments and video conferencing will require a high-speed internet connection. Connection performance can be significantly improved using various acceleration technologies like virtual bandwidth, compression technology and byte-level caching. Acceleration techniques also help reduce service costs by reducing IP data packet size. Aircraft that operate outside the continental U.S. will need to compare system options for multi-regional internet solutions (see page 13, Service Types & Capabilites). Several solutions are available, ranging from high-speed data for common international flight paths, intermediate data connections for near-worldwide coverage, and a very slow data connection for true worldwide 2014 Duncan Aviation, Inc. 4 of 14

5 Be aware of network security options. If passengers work with sensitive data, verify a system can support encryption. MAKING SENSE OF WI-FI accessibility (see page 12, Service Coverage Maps). Aircraft that regularly operate in the continental U.S. and overseas may want to consider installing a multi-regional solution alongside a high-speed domestic system for a seamless transition. Investigating what equipment is already installed on the aircraft is also important. What kind of antenna the aircraft is equipped with and what voice and data systems are already installed can help determine what upgrade paths are available. It s also important to be aware of network security options and the different types of service plans for each system. If passengers work with sensitive data, consider verifying that the system can support encryption and a secure network connection. How much data passengers work with will help determine which service plan to use. Some plans charge by the megabyte, while others offer unlimited data usage for a fixed monthly cost (see page 14, Equipment & Available Rates). IN-FLIGHT INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS Gogo Biz service from Aircell is a ground-based network of towers located across the continental U.S. and portions of Alaska. 5 Equivalent commercial systems are installed 5 High-Speed Internet and Ground- Quality Voice. Aircell. com/products-services/gogo-biz in several U.S. airline fleets. 6 With this system, passengers experience connection speeds similar to highspeed internet available at a hotel or coffee shop 7 above 10,000 feet. ViaSat Yonder uses commercial Ku-band satellites 7 to provide coverage for major flight paths 8 in multiple regions around the world. It is described as a two-way broadband data and voice communications service with connection speeds similar to cable modem and DSL technology 9 for downloads. Cost and equipment weight considerations make this system more feasible for larger business aircraft, says Chad. The system operates on geostationary satellites orbiting about 22,000 miles above the Earth. 7 Coverage is anticipated to expand over Canada, Russia, China, India and eastern Africa in the third quarter of Inmarsat SwiftBroadband operates on a satellite communications network 10 that provides near-worldwide voice and data coverage, excluding 6 Getting Your Business Aircraft Online: The Executive s Guide to Airborne Communications. Aircell files/gettingyourbusinessaircraftonline.pdf 7 Yonder: How it Works. Satcom Direct. Yonder-Mobile-Broadband/how-it-works.aspx 8 Yonder: Coverage. Satcom Direct. Yonder-Mobile-Broadband/coverage.aspx 9 Yonder: Overview. Satcom Direct. aviation/yonder-mobile-broadband/ 10 SwiftBroadband Overview. Satcom Direct. aviation/swiftbroadband-swift-broadband-sbb/ 2014 Duncan Aviation, Inc. 5 of 14

6 MAKING SENSE OF WI-FI Polar Regions. 11 Intermediate connection speeds are not as fast as residential high-speed internet, 6 but they can be scaled 12 to increase bandwidth. The system operates on three geostationary, Inmarsat I-4 satellites also in orbit about 22,000 miles above the Earth. 6 Service is available through several service providers. For system options, see Service Types & Capabilities on page 13. Iridium is a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellation that provides a global canopy of narrowband voice and data, including Polar Regions. 13 Data speeds are about a 27th of a single Swift64 channel. 7 The system operates on 66 cross-linked satellites that operate in near-circular orbit about 483 miles above the Earth. 13 ACHIEVING WORLDWIDE HIGH-SPEED ACCESSIBILITY While it s not possible to achieve complete, high-speed accessibility worldwide with current system options, an operator can get very close by installing more than one system onboard their aircraft. Aircraft that operate domestically and internationally may want to consider installing a high-speed domestic solution alongside a multi-regional solution for more 11 SwiftBroadband Coverage. Satcom Direct. main/aviation/swiftbroadband-swiftbroadband-sbb/coverage.aspx 12 SwiftBroadband Advantages. satcomdirect.com/main/aviation/swiftbroadbandswift-broadband-sbb/advantages.aspx 13 The Global Network: Satellite Constellation. Iridium. September DownloadAttachment.aspx?attachmentID=1197 continuous coverage, says Chad. However, the transition between systems may be noticeable and the connection speed will not be consistent, especially when transitioning between systems with very different network capabilities. EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATIONS Aircraft antennas vary by size, weight, shape, beam width, signal direction and strength. These variations offer different advantages in signal reception, transmission and speed. A low-gain antenna (LGA) like what is used with Inmarsat SB200 systems (see page 14, Equipment & Available Rates) support slower connection speeds that are suitable for texting and without attachments, says Adrian Chene, Avionics Technical Rep. at Duncan Aviation s Battle Creek, Mich., full-service facility. LGAs are smaller and lighter than other antennas. Since they are fuselage-mounted on the aircraft, this makes them much more suitable for installation on smallerbodied aircraft, like Learjets, Citations and Hawkers, says Chad. By contrast, a high-gain antenna (HGA) like what is used with Inmarsat Class 6 SBB (see page 15, Equipment & Available Rates) offers the best quality of service and speed, and is suitable for regular internet browsing and attachments, but not video, says Adrian. HGAs are bigger and heavier than LGAs. These antenna can also be tail-mounted, and tend to be more suitable for installation on larger aircraft, like Falcons, Challengers, Globals and Gulfstreams, says Chad. Device compatibility with 2014 Duncan Aviation, Inc. 6 of 14

7 Wi-Fi proposals should be detailed, and include equipment, labor and any engineering costs. MAKING SENSE OF WI-FI existing systems can limit data upgrade and Wi-Fi options, says Justin Vena, Avionics Installation Sales Rep. at Duncan Aviation- Battle Creek. It s important to understand what systems are currently installed in the aircraft, and what kind of antenna is installed. When customers request in-flight internet options, one of the first questions Steve asks is Do you have a Satcom system? Many times, customers already have a voice or data system that can be upgraded to support high-speed data and Wi-Fi. EVALUATING AN INSTALLATION PROPOSAL When seeking price quotes for high-speed data or Wi-Fi, it s important to carefully evaluate each proposal, the equipment, the avionics shop and the technical data through which the Wi-Fi connection is being installed. Proposals should be detailed, and include equipment, labor, and any engineering costs that may be involved, especially if the installing agency will be creating a Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) for the aircraft. System configuration costs, like secure Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections, should also be represented. All units identified for installation onboard the aircraft must be aviation-grade equipment. Such equipment often has Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) or European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) certifications, or an STC that accompany them, says Adrian. Always install equipment in your aircraft by STC, he says. STCs certify that the equipment to be installed has been tested in a particular model and found to be safe. Do not permit a commercial Wi-Fi system to be installed, says Adrian. Commercial Wi-Fi routers have not been tested for aviation applications, transmit the Wi-Fi signal too far and run the risk of causing interference with other onboard systems, like the Flight Management System (FMS). Additionally, equipment manufacturers won t help troubleshoot problems for uncertified equipment. Also verify that the equipment identified in the proposal can support the level of security required by passengers. When working with sensitive data, an aviation-grade router that supports encrypted communication is desirable, says Adrian. TESTING CONSIDERATIONS After a Wi-Fi system is installed, it should be tested in the same way that passengers will use it. Standard connectivity and speed tests will indicate if the equipment is performing basic functions, says Adrian. From there it will be up to the operator and their IT department to further define the details of system configuration. The installer should be a partner in this effort, he says. If smartphone connectivity is a priority, make sure to test the system with the same make, model and 2014 Duncan Aviation, Inc. 7 of 14

8 The installing agency should support all testing a customer requires. MAKING SENSE OF WI-FI system configuration, says Adrian. If VPN client software will be used, make sure to test that connection through the customer s laptop. The installer should support any testing a customer may seek, as they would any other service, he says. HOW IN-FLIGHT WI-FI WORKS A Wi-Fi router is essentially a sophisticated radio that creates a wireless access point (WAP), also known as a hotspot, says Adrian. A business aircraft s wireless router transmits information via a satellite or groundbased network data connection, and from there to the internet. This data connection is provided by an aircraft s high-speed data system. A WAP allows devices equipped with wireless adapters to connect to the wired Local Area Network (LAN), says Adrian. The network can also be accessed by plugging in a device to the aircraft s wired Ethernet ports. A wired connection provides the same access to informational resources as a wireless connection, although wired connections offer more reliable and marginally faster data transfer rates, says Adrian. SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS Secure access to information is invaluable for many businesses, and it is essential that passengers are provided with the highest level of computer security they require. Consider an engineering crew operating in the field that needs to send sensitive information to the home office for analysis. If the aircraft uses a satellite system for its data connection, a secure link to the home network could be initiated from the business jet on the ground, says Adrian. There are many security options available for in-flight Wi-Fi solutions. Business people typically use their VPN to provide a secure connection, says Steve. There may be some companies or government entities with more stringent security protocols, and we handle these on a case-by-case basis. WI-FI CERTIFICATION PROCESS The FAA requires Wi-Fi routers to be installed by STC specific to an aircraft s make and model. There are many types of wireless routers, and with all the different makes and models of business aircraft in operation, the demand for Wi-Fi STC development is high, says Steve. Certifying a Wi-Fi installation is a complicated process, which involves the wireless router that s being installed. An Aviation Week article published in August of 2010, entitled Clearing WiFi to Fly, explains the certification process and surrounding issues. 14 The current certification process for aviation Wi-Fi equipment on U.S.-registered aircraft begins with an issue paper, which identifies the testing procedures 14 Seidenman, Paul & Spanovich, David J. Clearing WiFi To Fly. AviationWeek.com. Aug. 23, com/aw/generic/story_channel. jsp?channel=mro&id=news/om/2010/07/01/ OM_07_01_2010_p xml 2014 Duncan Aviation, Inc. 8 of 14

9 A Wi-Fi router must be installed by STC, which is specific to each aircraft configuration. MAKING SENSE OF WI-FI that the installing agency must follow. This process ensures that Wi-Fi equipment including the router, transceivers, wiring and antenna will perform as intended and shield the aircraft s electronics from potential interference. 14 However, the testing procedures only apply to the Wi-Fi equipment installed, not the mobile devices that will use the Wi-Fi connection. These devices are considered a potential source of signal interference. According to the FAA, the aircraft s operating certificate holder is the only one who can determine whether mobile devices interfere with onboard systems, based on the testing done by the installing agency. 14 MOBILE DEVICE COMPATIBILITY TESTING Gary Harpster, Duncan Aviation Avionics Installations Rep. in Lincoln, explains that an issue paper mandates a multistep testing process to determine mobile device compatibility. 14 The FAA is concerned about any type of device that uses , which is the standard Wi-Fi communication protocol, using up to one watt of power output, he says. Once the Wi-Fi equipment is installed, the technician will test the Wi-Fi system at each seat location in the aircraft. 14 Technicians carefully document the procedure and note any abnormalities, says Gary. That documentation becomes part of a system substantiation data package, which is included with the STC application. Flight testing is also mandated for aircraft with autopilots that can t be activated on the ground. 14 Testing is specific to each aircraft, varying by make, model and avionics configuration, says Gary. It can take about two days for the testing and documentation for the initial STC, but only one day for any follow-on STCs for the same aircraft type and configuration. 14 ODAS & STC APPROVALS When an STC is created for a new aircraft configuration, a FAA field office representative will validate the documentation at the Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) organization, says Gary. However, for subsequent STCs for the same aircraft type and configuration, the FAA will usually authorize the MRO to validate the documentation, with sign-off by a designated airworthiness representative. 14 The STC then enters a multistep approval process, which begins at field level and concludes at the FAA s Transport Directorate Office in Seattle. For a number of avionics shops, especially those without an Organization Designation Authorization (ODA), the approval process may encounter sequencing situations at the FAA that can result in waiting periods as long as 90 days, depending on field office work load. 14 An ODA allows an installing agency to issue STCs for aircraft alterations on behalf of the FAA, 2014 Duncan Aviation, Inc. 9 of 14

10 MAKING SENSE OF WI-FI including the authority to approve design data, tests and analysis, and make a finding of compliance to regulations. 15 This allows an MRO to sign off on the work and send it directly to the Transport Directorate, which eliminates the potential for getting sequenced in a long line of applicants by the FAA, says Gary. 14 Duncan Aviation DUNCAN AVIATION S WI-FI SOLUTIONS installed more than Duncan Aviation 100 high-speed data is the industry systems in the past leader in Wi-Fi 3 years, and most installations, with included Wi-Fi. more than 100 highspeed data systems installed over the past three years, most of which have included Wi-Fi routers. The company has developed and holds many Wi-Fi STCs covering many makes and models of aircraft, and offers a three year, 1500-hour warranty on avionics installation workmanship. As provider of complete avionics solutions for most popular business aircraft, Duncan Aviation is an authorized dealer for most major cockpit and cabin avionics equipment, including Rockwell Collins, Universal Avionics, Honeywell/EMS, Aircell, ICG, True North and Thrane & Thrane. The company holds several airframe service center authorizations including Bombardier, Dassault, Hawker Beechcraft (Lincoln only), Embraer and Cessna and is approved by the FAA as a STC and Major Repair and Alteration (MRA) ODA at its Lincoln and Battle Creek full-service facilities. Duncan Aviation is a fullservice MRO for business aircraft, offering refurbishment, upgrades, modification, parts and support capabilities. Wi-Fi and highspeed data installations can be accomplished at either of Duncan Aviation s full-service facilities in Battle Creek, Mich. or Lincoln, Neb.; or at any of Duncan Aviation s network of avionics shops located at more than 20 major Fixed Based Operators (FBOs) across the U.S. Contact some of the most experienced people in the industry to discuss Wi-Fi solutions for your aircraft. Call an Avionics Installations Sales Rep. today at Duncan Aviation would like to thank the representatives of Satcom Direct, Aircell, Inmarsat, Thrane & Thrane, Honeywell/ EMS, ICG, True North, Rockwell Collins and Iridium for their assistance and contributions. 15 Duncan Aviation Receives Organization Designation Authorization (ODA) Approval. October 20, aero/news/articles/2009/ oda.php 2014 Duncan Aviation, Inc of 14

11 MAKING SENSE OF WI-FI DUNCAN AVIATION S HSD / WI-FI STCS Duncan Aviation offers more than 20 STCs for high-speed internet and Wi-Fi on several popular makes and models of business aircraft, and offers a three year, 1500-hour warranty on avionics installation workmanship. We are an authorized dealer for most major cockpit and cabin avionics equipment, including Rockwell Collins, Universal Avionics, Honeywell/ EMS, Aircell, ICG, True North and Thrane & Thrane. We also hold several airframe service center authorizations. Please contact an Avionics Installation Sales Rep. for our latest Wi-Fi and high-speed data capabilities at SERVICE COVERAGE MAPS Coverage is expected to increase for some services in the near future. Please contact an Avionics Installation Sales Rep. at or the service provider for the latest coverage information. Aircell Gogo Biz: a high-speed ground-based network. ViaSat Yonder: a multi-regional, high-speed Ku-band satellite network. Inmarsat SwiftBroadband: a near-global/multi-regional, intermediate speed satellite network. Iridium: a worldwide, narrow- and intermediate-band satellite network Duncan Aviation, Inc of 14

12 MAKING SENSE OF WI-FI SERVICE TYPES & CAPABILITIES* Additional service offerings are available. Please contact an Avionics Installation Sales Rep. or additional offerings and capabilities. Service Type Peak Speeds Service Coverage Data Acceleration / Compression What connection speeds really feel like Wi-Fi Capable VPN Capable Attachments Streaming Video Aircell Gogo Biz Simple Yonder Texting Up to 3.1 mbps U.S. / parts of Alaska No High-speed: full broadband like a hotel or coffee shop. 1-2 mbps Multi-regional No High-speed: full broadband like a hotel or coffee shop, but with some delay. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes SwiftBroadband SwiftBroadband 200 (SB200) kbps Near-global Yes Intermediate: not like broadband on the ground, but very usable. 200 kbps Multi-Regional Yes Intermediate: not like broadband on the ground, but very usable. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes * The above information is for general reference and illustration only, and is subject to change at any time Duncan Aviation, Inc of 14

13 MAKING SENSE OF WI-FI RECOMMENDED EQUIPMENT & AVAILABLE RATES* Additional equipment options are available. Please contact an Avionics Installation Sales Rep. or the service provider for the latest options, specifications and plan information. Service Type Aircell Gogo Biz High- Speed Data System Peak Speeds Approx. Service Costs Equip. Weight Antenna Size ATG 4000 (integrated broadband) ATG 5000 (standalone broadband) Up to 3.1 mbps Up to 3.1 mbps Various plans available. Monthly fee: $395 $895 Overage fees: of $7.95 $8.95 per megabyte of data transferred. $2,295/month unlimited monthly data usage. Various plans available. Monthly fee: $395 $895 Overage fees: of $7.95 $8.95 per megabyte of data transferred. $2,295/month unlimited monthly data usage. About 15 lbs About 15 lbs Omnidirectional, nonsteered. Requires 2. Weight: 1.25 lbs (.57 kg) Omnidirectional, nonsteered. Requires 2. Weight: 1.25 lbs (.57 kg) Yonder ViaSat Yonder 1-2 mbps $5,995 $7,995/month $100/month for unlimited voice using AeroV. About 32 lbs Mechanically Steered. Weight: 18 lbs (8.16 kg) MCS-7120 (multichannel) Up to 432 kbps About 35 lbs High Gain, Phased Array or Mechanically Steered antennas. Weight: Varies Enfusion HSD- 400 (multichannel) Up to 2 x 432 About 35 lbs High Gain, Phased Array or Mechanically Steered antennas. Weight: Varies SwiftBroadband Class 6 SAT Simphone Global Broadband 432 Annual and Fleet plans available for additional discounts. Annual and Fleet plans available for additional discounts. 29 lbs High Gain, Mechanically Steered. About 20lbs Weight: 11.3 lbs (AMT-700) High Gain, Phased Array or Mechanically Steered. Weight: Varies Aspire 200/250HG (single channel) Up to 432 Annual and Fleet plans available for additional discounts. About 9 lbs AMT-700 HGA Mechanically Steered. Weight: 4.3 lbs Type F DLNA Weight: 7.0 lbs (cont d on next page) * The above information is for general reference and illustration only, and is subject to change at any time. Redundant/Automatic fallback to I3 Swift64. Streaming data service available Duncan Aviation, Inc of 14

14 MAKING SENSE OF WI-FI RECOMMENDED EQUIPMENT & AVAILABLE RATES (CONT D)* Service Type High-Speed Data System Peak Speeds Approx. Service Costs Equipment Weight SwiftBroadband (cont d) Class 6 (cont d) Class 7 Antenna Size Aviator 700 (multichannel) Aviator 350 (single channel) Aspire 200/250IG (single channel) Up to 432 Up to 432 Up to 330 About 25 lbs About 12 lbs About 9 lbs High Gain, Phased Array or Mechanically Steered antennas. Weight: Varies High Gain, Phased Array or Mechanically Steered antennas. Weight: Varies AMT-3500 IGA Fuselage mounted phased array. Weight: 11.7 lbs Type F DLNA Weight: 7.0 lbs Aviator 300 (single channel) Up to 330 About 12 lbs Intermediate Gain Antenna. Weight: 5.3 lbs (2.4 kg) SwiftBroadband 200 (SB200) Class 15 Aspire 200/250 LG (single channel) Aviator 200 (single channel) Up to 200 Up to 200 Monthly Fee: $50-$1,995* Unlimited data plans available to some operators. Monthly Fee: $50-$1,995* About 9 lbs About 12 lbs Low Gain Antenna. Weight: 1.5 lbs (0.7 kg) IPLD Weight: 5.3 lbs Low Gain Antenna. Weight: 1.5 lbs (0.7 kg) Unlimited data plans available to some operators. Iridium Nxtmail 2.4 kbps Monthly Fee: $84.95-$ Per Minute Rate: Varies based on selected plan. About 3 lbs Iridium patch antenna. Weight: 6 oz (0.7 kg) * The above information is for general reference and illustration only, and is subject to change at any time. Streaming data service available. Currently two channels per aircraft. Starting October 2011, four channels per aircraft Duncan Aviation, Inc of 14