C P A C F R E E Z I N G R O O M C O N C R E T E 1

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Barrie Cummings
7 years ago
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1 C P A C F R E E Z I N G R O O M C O N C R E T E 1

2 Õπ µß πàâõß Áπ æ CPAC Freezing Room Concrete Õπ µ ß â ªìπ«ÿ Ë «Áß àß π π Ÿß π æõÿ À Ÿ ª µ Áµ µà ËÕµâÕßÕ Ÿà π æõ» ËÀπ «Áπ ß ÿ Õ Áß àπ π ÀâÕß à Áß À ÕÀâÕß Áπ Ë Õÿ À Ÿ ËµË ß -40 Õß» π Èπ Õπ µ Á ªí À µ â «À ÿ àõπõõ À ß âß π àõ π Èπ µâõß Õ ÿ ªï πõ Àâ à â à π àõ Ë â«ßµâõßªî ÀâÕß Áπ æ ËÕ àõ Ëß Àâ â µâõßà ÿ ß Õ Èß ßµâÕß à æ ßß π π Õÿ À Ÿ À ß àõ Àâ â ÿ Õ â««ππ Èªí À ß à «À ª â«õ Àπ Ëßπ«µ æ... CPAC Freezing Room Concrete Although conventional concrete is strong and durable in normal temperature, when subjected to temperature below -40 o C such as in freezing room, it would crack and spall. Therefore, repairing surface of the concrete, having to be done every year, not only incurs repairing cost and makes operation stop but also wastes the energy cost to lower the temperature. Today, this problem can be effectively solved by one of the CPAC's innovations... CPAC Freezing Room Concrete ë µ «Õ à ß «À Õß Õπ µ πàâõß à Áß Disintegration of Concrete in Freezing Room 2 C P A C F R E E Z I N G R O O M C O N C R E T E

3 CPAC Freezing Room Concrete... ß Õ À à Ë π π «à The New Choice for The Higher Durability æ Àâ Õπ µ π «Áπ âõ à ß CPAC Freezing Room Concrete Õ π«µ Õß Õπ µ Ë «Õß æ â«æ π Èπ æ ËÕ Àâ «Ÿß π µâ π π µ â «Ëß Áßµ «ÕßπÈ π Õπ µ «π π µàõ π à π â (Forklift) «º «Àπâ ß À Õ à ß Ëß À ß πàâõß à Áß ÀâÕß Áπ ÀâÕßª Õÿ À Ÿ (Anti Room) Õ à ß â ß CPAC Freezing Room Concrete is researched and developed in order to have both high capability to resist cracking caused by the freezing water, and high abrasion resistance. Thus, it is truly suitable for using in both freezing room and antiroom. How CPAC Makes Concrete Resistant to Freezing Crack ª µ π Õπ µ Ë Áßµ «â«ß πè Õ Ÿà π«πàπ Ëß ËÀ ß À ÕÕ Ÿà π Capillary Pores Ëß à â àõ Àâ Õ πµ â ß ËÕÿ À Ÿ ª µ µà πàâõß à Áß À ÕÀâÕßª Õÿ À Ÿ π Èπ ËÕÕÿ À Ÿ µë ß ß ÿ Õ Áß πè ËÀ ß À ÕÕ Ÿà π àõß«à ß ª µ æ Ë Èπ µ «π Àâ Õπ µ µ â «µàõ ËÕ Õÿ À Ÿ æ Ë Èπ (ÀâÕßª Õÿ À Ÿ ) πè π àõß«à ß ËÕπ Ë ªÕ Ÿàµ Õ µ Ë Èπ Ëß ËÕ Õÿ À Ÿ Õ Èß πè π Õ µ À à π È Á µ «π Àâ Õ µ À à ÈπÕ «π àππ È π ª ËÕ Ê π Õπ µ µ â «À Èß Ë «º «π π Ÿ «π âß π «π ß π Ë ÿ «Õß æ â» æƒµ «π µ â «Õß Õπ µ Áßµ «ÕßπÈ π Õπ µ (Freezing) πàâõß à Áß ª Ë π ª ß Õÿ À Ÿ ª ºà π ÿ Õ Áß (Freezing and Thawing) πàâõßª Õÿ À Ÿ Õ à ß â µàõ π ËÕß ª Õ π ªí µà ßÊ Ë º µàõ «π πµàõ (Abrasion Resistance) æ Õ à ß Õ π π Ë ÿ âæ À Ë Ëßπ æ π ÕÕ à«πº CPAC Freezing Room Concrete ßπ È 1. àª øõßõ» (Entrained Air) Ë À π Õπ µ â«πè º Õπ µ Ÿµ æ» Õß æ àõ Àâ øõßõ» ËÕ Ÿàµ «π ª µ «Õ Ÿà Ë Õ π Õπ µ Ëß øõßõ» À à π È Àπâ Ë π πè à«π π Capillary Pores C P A C F R E E Z I N G R O O M C O N C R E T E 3

4 The extent of the damage could vary from surface scaling to complete disintegration depending on both concrete properties and working conditions. As a result of continuous research regarding the behavior and the cracking mechanism in concrete by the effect of freezing in the freezing room and the effect of freezing and thawing in the anti room as well as all factors affecting abrasion resistance, CPAC concrete technologists have finally developed the formulation of CPAC Freezing Room Concrete by 1. Generate the proper quantity of entrained air : CPAC's special-grade admixture will 2. Àπ à«πº Àâ π ÈÕ Õπ µ «πàπ πè Ÿß ª Capillary Pores π πµå æ å Á ß â«π Ëπ Á Õ Àâ ËÕ Ÿà Õßª πè à«π π ß CPAC Freez Concrete π Ëπ Õß Normally, hardened concrete has free water in the capillary pores. In normal temperature, this water does not harm concrete but, in freezing room or anti room, its volume increases causing concrete cracking. In case of in anti room, when temperature rises, the thawing water migrates in to occurred cracks. The further cracks caused by re-freezing will takes place again, so we can say that cracks will be cumulatively generated by the repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. ë Õÿª å Õ «π µâ π π Õß æ CPAC Abrasion Resistant Apparatus generate discrete, uniform and nearly spherical air bubbles having typically a diameter of about mm. These bubbles provide room for receiving excess water from capillary pores. 2. Design the concrete proportion with low permeability : Capillary pores in cement paste will be reduced. Consequently, the excess water will automatically be reduced as well. 4 C P A C F R E E Z I N G R O O M C O N C R E T E

5 ÿ ª πå Ë Àπ Õ «à The Superior Benefits of CPAC Freezing Room Concrete 1. Áß ß π π «à Èß π Ëº «Õπ µ à«πº Ë â Ÿ Àπ Èπ Õ «æ πõ Àâ Õπ µ «πàπ πè «π π Ÿß â«ß à«àâ È ß º «Àπâ ß «àß Èπ ªí À àõπ «º «Àπâ π à π â (Forklift) ßÀ ª 2. æ Ë ««Á««π â«õπÿ Ë ÕßøÕßÕ» Ë µ «Õ Ÿà π Õπ µ À Õπ ««Õ à«ß π À«à ß º «Õπÿ µà ßÊ Àâ «â æ Ë Èπ È à ß âõ à ß ««Á«3. ªí À «ÿàß à â à π àõ ÿ ªï ªí À ß à «ß â«õ â CPAC Freezing Room Concrete Ëß Àâ «π º µ â âõ à ß «à Ÿ «π π ªìπ ß ÿπ Ë ÿâ à Õ à ß â ß 2. More Convenient in Placing : Since spherical air bubbles, uniformly distributed in concrete, behave as the fine aggregate and reduce friction between particles, they make concrete highly workable. Consequently, placing concrete can be finished easier and more convenient. 3. Decreasing Costly Annual Repairing : Using CPAC Freezing Room Concrete will be able to cut cost of annual repairing and will make the production and commercial processes run continuously. So, this is the real valuable investment. ø ª «π µâ π π Ë Õ ÿ 28 «π The Abrasion Resistance of Concrete at Age 28 Days 1. Stronger and More Durable both Internal and at The Surface of Concrete : In addition to make concrete very dense, highly low permeable and durable, Mix proportion being specially tested and researched reduces bleeding. Therefore, the surface of concrete becomes stronger. The abrasion problem caused by forklift at the surface is significantly reduced zing Room «Ë (.) Abrasion Depth (mm.) Õπ µ Ë«ª Conventional Concrete CPAC Freezing Room Concrete C P A C F R E E Z I N G R O O M C O N C R E T E 5

6 à«πàπ Ëß Õß ß Ë Ëπ Õ â 1. æ åø øÿñ ª µ È 2. Õ π π Ÿ Õ π å 3. ÿ ø àπøÿñ å 4. Õ ø Õ πøÿñ 5. ª øî ÀâÕß Áπ 6. Õ øÿ Ñ å 7. π åõ π µõ åøÿö å 8. ß ππ Ëß 9. Õ ÀâÕß Áπ 10. ±åõ À â πæ ÿ ë Õ π π Ÿ Õ π å Andaman Surimi Industries Co., Ltd. ë ÿ ø àπøÿñ å Siam Ocean Frozen Foods Co., Ltd. ë» Sethachon Co., Ltd. 11. ±å À ÿ â«12. Õ π «à ª» 13. ßøî Õ å Œ Èß 14. π «à å π å 15. Õ Õ π å 16. Õ «øÿñ å 17. À Õß ª µ π øÿñ 18.» 19. Ÿ Õ Õ µ 20. π ÀâÕß Áπ 21. ÀâÕß Áπ π 22.»Ÿπ å π â µ 23. µ Õ π -Õ ß å 24. µ ÿ ÿ «50 Some Refere 25. µ æ µ «ßπâÕ 27. µ âß«π 28. åøÿ å µπ» å ë Õ ø Õ πøÿñ Thai Royal Frozen Food Co., Ltd. ë ª øî ÀâÕß Áπ Pacific Cold Storage Co., Ltd. 6 C P A C F R E E Z I N G R O O M C O N C R E T E

7 Some Reference Projects ë Ÿ Õ Õ µ U.H.I. TalardThai Co., Ltd. ë π ÀâÕß Áπ Sinchai Cold Storage Co., Ltd. 12. Inve Thailand Co., Ltd. 13. King Fisher Co., Ltd. 14. Sun Valley (Thailand) Co., Ltd. 15. Siam Agro Industry Pineapple and Others Co., Ltd. 16. Erawan Foods Co., Ltd. 17. Leamthong Protein Food Co., Ltd. 18. Sethachon Co., Ltd. 19. U.H.I. TalardThai Co., Ltd. 20. Sinchai Cold Storage Co., Ltd. 21. Sin Phak Dee Freezing Room 22. Lotus Dispatching Center 23. Lotus Ramintra-Aatnarong 24. Lotus Sukhumvit Lotus Rama Lotus Wangnoi 27. Lotus Chaeng Wattana 28. Carrefour Rattanatibetr ence Projects ë åøÿ å µπ» å Carrefour Rattanatibetr 1. Preserved Foods Specialty Co., Ltd. 2. Andaman Surimi Industries Co., Ltd. 3. Siam Ocean Frozen Foods Co., Ltd. 4. Thai Royal Frozen Food Co., Ltd. 5. Pacific Cold Storage Co., Ltd. 6. Thai Agrifood Public Co., Ltd. 7. Narai Interfood Co., Ltd. 8. Songkhla Canning Public Co., Ltd. 9. Thai I-Mai Frozen Foods Co., Ltd. 10. Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Co., Ltd. 11. Charoen Pokphand Group Co., Ltd. ë µ âß«π Lotus Chaeng Wattana ë π åõ π µõ åøÿö å Narai Interfood Co., Ltd. C P A C F R E E Z I N G R O O M C O N C R E T E 7

8 8 C P A C F R E E Z I N G R O O M C O N C R E T E

Analysis of nitrogen and carbon tetrachloride adsorption isotherms and pore size distribution for siliceous MCM-41 synthesized from rice husk silica

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Analysis of nitrogen and carbon tetrachloride adsorption isotherms and pore size distribution for siliceous MCM-41 synthesized from rice husk silica Siriluk Chiarakorn 1, Nurak Grisdanurak