HDR formáty. RADIANCE RGBE Format Industrial Light and Magic's OpenEXR
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1 HDR
2
3 HDR formáty RADIANCE RGBE Format SGI LogLuv Format Sam Leffler's TIFF library ormat/tiffluv.html Industrial Light and Magic's OpenEXR Pixar Log Format Sam Leffler's TIFF library ftp://ftp.sgi.com/graphics/tiff/
4 RGBE 3 8 bitov pre mantisy hodnôt jednotlivých farevných kanálov 8 bitov pre spoločný exponent
5 LogLuv 24 lookup tabuľka: 0=najmenšie v vo viditeľnom gamute, potom zľava doprava zdola nahor. Krok pre u aj v , pokryje gamut v 2 14 hodnotách LogLuv32 8 bitov na u a v zabezpečí dostatočne malý krok kvantizácie
6 OpenEXR 16-bit Half floating-point type Pixar log 33-bit/pixel, 11 bitov pre R,G,B, logaritmické mapovanie, pokryje gamut filmu
7 8 rádov
8 (Source:
9 24-bit LogLuv 32-bit LogLuv EXR RGBE XYZE scrgb scrgb-nl scycc-nl (Source:
10 hardware # sférické HDR obrázky (360 x 180 ) # 26 EV rozsah jedného skenu # 50 megapixlov Radiance (.hdr) a OpenEXR (.exr)
11 jj Sony Pictures Imageworks use Spheron Cameras in latest VFX Productions Luprwm9JOi4
12 # sférické HDR obrázky (360 x 180 ) Civetta # 28 EV rozsah jedného skenu # 100 megapixlov exr
13 Čo s tým ďalej?
14
15 Brightside DR37-P teraz Dolby prototyp Over 3,000 cd/m 2 brightness cd/m 2 black level Contrast ratio > 200,000:1 High-definition 1,920 x 1, inch screen 16 bits per color príkon ~ 1600W, hmotnosť ~ 70kg cena ~ USD
16 Technology Resolution Display size 47 Panel aspect ratio 16:9 Number of real colours Number of LED 2202 SIM2 HDR47E S 4K HDR LCD Display with individually controlled LED backlight modulation 1920 x 1080 pixels 16 bit per channel Brightness 4000 cd/m 2 ANSI Contrast >20.000:1 FULL ON/OFF Contrast White point virtually infinite (> :1) 6500K (totally adjustable 5000k 9000k) LED B.L.U. life time hours
17 Tone Mapping 10-6 High dynamic range to 255
18 Tone Mapping
19 Typy operátorov Globálne Rovnaká nelineárna krivka aplikovaná na všetky body obrazu Lokálne Adaptačná krivka je rôzna pre každý bod podľa jeho okolia Frekvenčné DR je menený podľa frekvencií obsiahnutých v obraze Gradientné Mení sa derivácia obrazu
20 A review of tone reproduction techniques Kate Devlin DCS, University of Bristol, 2002
21 Globálny Operátor A Contrast-based Scalefactor for Luminance Display Ward, 1994 Adaptive Logaritmic Mapping For Displaying High Contrast Scenes. Drago, Myszkowski, Annen, Chiba, 2003
22 Reinhard, 2002 Globálny Operátor
23
24 Photographic Tone Reproduction for Digital Images Reinhard et al Zonálny systém Ansela Adamsa
25
26
27 Kľúč: subjektívna miera svetlosti obrazu Log priemer: Osvetlenie preškálované vzhľadom na kľúč: y x w w y x L N L, )), ( ln( 1 exp ), ( ), ( y x L y x L L a w w
28 Osvetlenie preškálované vzhľadom na kľúč
29 Osvetlenie preškálované vzhľadom na kľúč
30 Dodging and Burning V i ( x, y, s) L( x, y) G ( x, y, s) i center-surround funkcia
31
32 Globálny operátor sa mení na lokálny
33
34 Gradient Domain HDR Compression Fattal et al., 2002 Jednoduchá myšlienka Identifikácia veľkého gradientu v rôznych škálach Progresívne zoslabenie veľkosti gradientu Rekonštrukcia obrazu z nového gradientu
35 From: High Dynamic Range Capture and Tone Mapping, Grzegorz Krawczyk
36 Mapa potlačenia Gaussovská pyramída H k ( x, y) Škálové funkcie potlačenia Konštrukcia výslednej funkcie
37 Perception Motivated Hybrid Approach to Tone Mapping Martin Čadík, 2007
38 Enhancement map
39 Fast Bilateral Filtering for the Display of HDR Images Frédo Durand & Julie Dorsey Vstupné HDR Fast Bilateral Filtering [Tomasi a Manduchi 1998] výsledok Intenzita Báza Redukcia kontrastu Báza Rýchly bilaterálny filter Detail zachováme Detail Farba Detail = Intenzita báza Farba
40 Bilaterálny filter J (x) f ( x, ) I( ) x x output input
41 1 k( x) J (x) f ( x, ) g( I( ) I( x)) I( ) x output input
42
43 Gradient domain [Fattal et al.] Bilateral [Durand et al.] Photographic [Reinhard et al.]
44 Gradient domain [Fattal et al.] Bilateral [Durand et al.] Photographic [Reinhard et al.]
45 Time-dependent visual adaptation for realistic image display Pattanaik, Tumblin, Yee, Greenberg, 2000 multi-scale observer operator attempts to model all steps within the human visual system currently known well enough to be modelled
46
47 Adaptive Logarithmic Mapping for Displaying High Contrast Scenes F. Drago, K. Myszkowski, T. Annen, and N. Chiba, 2003 Time-Dependent Visual Adaptation for Realistic Image Display S.N. Pattanaik, J. Tumblin, H. Yee, and D.P. Greenberg, 2000 Dynamic Range Reduction Inspired by Photoreceptor Physiology E. Reinhard and K. Devlin, 2004 Photographic Tone Reproduction for Digital Images E. Reinhard, M. Stark, P. Shirley, and J. Ferwerda, 2002 Fast Bilateral Filtering for the Display of High-Dynamic-Range Images F. Durand and J. Dorsey, 2002 A Tone Mapping Algorithm for High Contrast Images M. Ashikhmin, 2002 Gradient Domain High Dynamic Range Compression R. Fattal, D. Lischinski, and M. Werman, 2002 A Perceptual Framework for Contrast Processing of HDR Images R. Mantiuk, K. Myszkowski, and H.-P. Seidel, 2006
48 Porovnanie operátorov
49 tone mapping: upravenie intenzity gamut mapping: upravenie farieb
50 Gamut = rozsah farieb, ktoré dokáže zariadenie zobraziť, alebo rozsah farieb v obraze Mapovanie gamutu: Napr. Prevod farieb obrazu do farieb zobraziteľných tlačiarňou
51 Gamut CRT monitora (drôtený model) Gamut rôznych tlačiarní (pevné teleso) CIELAB space
52
53 Deskriptor hranice gamutu
54
55
56 Gamut mapping algoritmy globálne GMA Kompresia gamutu Orezanie gamutu lokálne GMA Závisí od okolitých bodov Zachováva detaily
57 Typy mapovania Orezanie gamutu Mení body len mimo gamutu Kompresia gamutu Mení body aj vnútri
58 Orezanie Ortogonálne Radiálne L+C Horizontálne (C) Vertikálne (L)
59 Kompresia Lineárna kompresia L Lineárna kompresia C Nelinárna kompresia C
60 Radiálna kompresia L+C
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