HP Switch Software. Advanced Traffic Management Guide switches 3500yl switches 5400zl switches 6200yl switches 6600 switches 8200zl switches

Transcription

1 HP Switch Software Advanced Traffic Management Guide 3500 switches 3500yl switches 5400zl switches 6200yl switches 6600 switches 8200zl switches Software version K September 2011

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3 HP Networking 3500 Switches 3500yl Switches 5400zl Switches 6200yl Switch 6600 Switches 8200zl Switches September 2011 K Advanced Traffic Management Guide

4 Copyright Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. All Rights Reserved. This document contains proprietary information, which is protected by copyright. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated into another language without the prior written consent of Hewlett- Packard. Publication Number September 2011 Applicable Products HP Switch E (J9470A) HP Switch E (J9472A) HP Switch E PoE (J9471A) HP Switch E PoE (J9473A) HP Switch E3500yl-24G-PWR (J8692A) HP Switch E3500yl-48G-PWR (J8693A) HP Switch E5406zl (J8697A) HP Switch E5406zl-48G-PoE+ (J9447A) HP Switch E5412zl (J8698A) HP Switch E5412zl-96G-PoE+ (J9448A) HP Switch E6200yl-24G (J8992A) HP Switch E8206zl (J9475A) HP Switch E8212zl (J8715A/B) HP Switch E G (J9263A) HP Switch E G-4XG (J9264A) HP Switch E G-24XG (J9265A) HP Switch E G (J9451A) HP Switch E G-4XG (J9452A) Disclaimer The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein. Hewlett-Packard assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability of its software on equipment that is not furnished by Hewlett-Packard. Software End User License Agreement and Hardware Limited Warranty For the software end user license agreement and the hardware limited warranty information for HP Networking products, visit Trademark Credits Microsoft, Windows, and Microsoft Windows NT are US registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Hewlett-Packard Company 8000 Foothills Boulevard, m/s 5551 Roseville, California

5 Contents Product Documentation About Your Switch Manual Set xiii Electronic Publications xiii Software Feature Index xiv 1 Static Virtual LANs (VLANs) Overview Introduction General VLAN Operation Types of Static VLANs Available in the Switch Port-Based VLANs Protocol-Based VLANs Designated VLANs Terminology Static VLAN Operation VLAN Environments VLAN Operation Routing Options for VLANs Overlapping (Tagged) VLANs Per-Port Static VLAN Configuration Options VLAN Operating Rules General Steps for Using VLANs Multiple VLAN Considerations Single Forwarding Database Operation Example of an Unsupported Configuration and How To Correct It 1-19 Multiple Forwarding Database Operation Configuring VLANs Menu: Configuring Port-Based VLAN Parameters To Change VLAN Support Settings iii

6 Adding or Editing VLAN Names Adding or Changing a VLAN Port Assignment CLI: Configuring Port-Based and Protocol-Based VLAN Parameters Customizing the Show VLANs Output Creating an Alias for Show VLAN Commands Note on Using Pattern Matching with the Show VLANs Custom Command Changing the Number of VLANs Allowed on the Switch WebAgent: Viewing and Configuring VLAN Parameters Q VLAN Tagging Special VLAN Types VLAN Support and the Default VLAN The Primary VLAN The Secure Management VLAN Preparation Configuration Using DHCP to Obtain an IP Address Deleting the Management VLAN Operating Notes for Management VLANs Voice VLANs Operating Rules for Voice VLANs Components of Voice VLAN Operation Voice VLAN QoS Prioritizing (Optional) Voice VLAN Access Security Effect of VLANs on Other Switch Features Spanning Tree Operation with VLANs IP Interfaces VLAN MAC Address Port Trunks Port Monitoring Jumbo Packet Support VLAN Restrictions Migrating Layer 3 VLANs Using VLAN MAC Configuration VLAN MAC Address Reconfiguration iv

7 Handling Incoming and Outgoing VLAN Traffic Sending Heartbeat Packets with a Configured MAC Address Configuring a VLAN MAC Address with Heartbeat Interval Operating Notes Example Verifying a VLAN MAC Address Configuration GVRP Overview Introduction General Operation Per-Port Options for Handling GVRP Unknown VLANs Per-Port Options for Dynamic VLAN Advertising and Joining GVRP and VLAN Access Control Advertisements and Dynamic Joins Port-Leave From a Dynamic VLAN Planning for GVRP Operation Configuring GVRP On a Switch Menu: Viewing and Configuring GVRP CLI: Viewing and Configuring GVRP Web: Viewing and Configuring GVRP GVRP Operating Notes Multiple Instance Spanning-Tree Operation Overview s Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) MSTP Structure How MSTP Operates MST Regions Regions, Legacy STP and RSTP Switches, and the Common Spanning Tree (CST) MSTP Operation with 802.1Q VLANs Terminology v

8 Operating Rules MSTP Compatibility with RSTP or STP Configuring MSTP Planning an MSTP Application MSTP Configuration Overview Configuring MSTP Operation Mode and Global Settings Configuring MSTP Per-Port Parameters Configuring Per Port Parameters Configuring BPDU Filtering Configuring BPDU Protection PVST Protection and Filtering Configuring MST Instance Parameters Configuring MST Instance Per-Port Parameters Enabling or Disabling Spanning Tree Operation Enabling an Entire MST Region at Once or Exchanging One Region Configuration for Another MSTP VLAN Configuration Enhancement PreConfiguring VLANs in an MST Instance Configuring MSTP Instances with the VLAN Range Option Operating Notes for the VLAN Configuration Enhancement How to Save Your Current Configuration Displaying MSTP Statistics and Configuration Displaying Global MSTP Status Displaying Detailed Port Information Displaying Status for a Specific MST Instance Displaying the MSTP Configuration Troubleshooting an MSTP Configuration Displaying the Change History of Root Bridges Displaying Debug Counters for All MST Instances Displaying Debug Counters for One MST Instance Displaying Debug Counters for Ports in an MST Instance Field Descriptions in MSTP Debug Command Output Troubleshooting MSTP Operation Loop Protection Configuring Loop Protection vi

9 Loop Protection in Port Mode Loop Protection in VLAN Mode Changing Modes Operating Notes Viewing Loop Protection Status Displaying Loop Protection Status in Port Mode Displaying Loop Protection Status in VLAN Mode STP Loop Guard Switch Meshing Introduction Switch Meshing Fundamentals Terminology Operating Rules Using a Heterogeneous Switch Mesh Bringing Up a Switch Mesh Domain Further Operating Information Configuring Switch Meshing Preparation Menu: To Configure Switch Meshing CLI: To Configure and View Switch Meshing CLI: Configuring Switch Meshing Viewing Switch Mesh Status Operating Notes for Switch Meshing Flooded Traffic Unicast Packets with Unknown Destinations Spanning Tree Operation with Switch Meshing Filtering/Security in Meshed Switches IP Multicast (IGMP) in Meshed Switches Static VLANs Dynamic VLANs Jumbo Packets Mesh Design Optimization Other Requirements and Restrictions vii

10 5 Quality of Service: Managing Bandwidth More Effectively Using Quality of Service Policies QoS Terminology QoS Operation Globally-Configured QoS Classifier-Based QoS QoS Packet Classification Globally-Configured Packet Classification Classifier-Based Match Criteria QoS Traffic Marking Globally-Configured Traffic Marking Layer p Prioritization Layer 3 DSCP Marking VLAN and Untagged VLAN Environments Classifier-Based Traffic Marking Globally-Configured QoS Global QoS Configuration Procedure Viewing a Global QoS Configuration Global QoS Restrictions Global TCP/UDP Classifier Assigning an 802.1p Priority for a Global TCP/UDP Classifier Operating Notes on Using TCP/UDP Port Ranges Assigning a DSCP Policy for a Global TCP/UDP Classifier Displaying Resource Usage for QoS Policies Global IP-Device Classifier Assigning a Priority for a Global IP-Device Classifier Assigning a DSCP Policy For a Global IP-Device Classifier Global IP Type-of-Service Classifier IPv4 ToS/IPv6 Traffic Class Byte Assigning an 802.1p Priority for a Global IP-Precedence Classifier Assigning an 802.1p Priority for a Global IP-Diffserv Classifier 5-44 Assigning a DSCP Policy for a Global IP-Diffserv Classifier Comparison of Global IP Type-of-Service Classifiers viii

11 Global Layer-3 Protocol Classifier Assigning a Priority for a Global Layer-3 Protocol Classifier Global VLAN-ID Classifier Assigning a Priority for a Global VLAN-ID Classifier Assigning a DSCP Policy for a Global VLAN-ID Classifier Global Source-Port Classifier Assigning a Priority for a Global Source-Port Classifier Assigning a DSCP Policy for a Global Source-Port Classifier IP Multicast (IGMP) Interaction with QoS Advanced Classifier-Based QoS Classifier-Based QoS Model Classifier-Based QoS Configuration Procedure Configuring QoS Actions in a Policy Override of Global QoS Settings Viewing a Classifier-Based QoS Configuration Classifier-Based QoS Restrictions Interaction with Other Software Features Classifier-Based QoS Configuration Examples QoS Policy for Layer 4 TCP/UDP Traffic QoS Policy for Subnet Traffic Differentiated Services Codepoint (DSCP) Mapping Default Priority Settings for Selected Codepoints Displaying Non-Default Codepoint Settings Notes on Changing a Priority Setting Error Messages for DSCP Policy Changes Example of Changing the Priority Setting on a Policy When One or More Classifiers Are Currently Using the Policy QoS Queue Configuration Mapping of Outbound Port Queues Impact of QoS Queue Configuration on Guaranteed Minimum Bandwidth (GMB) Minimum Guaranteed Bandwidth with 8 Queues Configuring the Number of Priority Queues Viewing the QoS Queue Configuration ix

12 6 Stack Management for the 3500, 3500yl, 6200yl and 6600 Switches Introduction to Stack Management on the 3500, 3500yl, 6200yl and 6600 Switches Components of HP Stack Management General Stacking Operation Operating Rules for Stacking General Rules Specific Rules Configuring Stack Management Overview of Configuring and Bringing Up a Stack General Steps for Creating a Stack Using the Menu Interface To View Stack Status and Configure Stacking Using the Menu Interface To View and Configure a Commander Switch Using the Menu To Manage a Candidate Switch Using the Commander To Manage The Stack Using the Commander To Access Member Switches for Configuration Changes and Monitoring Traffic Converting a Commander or Member to a Member of Another Stack Monitoring Stack Status Using the CLI To View Stack Status and Configure Stacking Using the CLI To View Stack Status Using the CLI To Configure a Commander Switch Adding to a Stack or Moving Switches Between Stacks Using the CLI To Remove a Member from a Stack Using the CLI To Access Member Switches for Configuration Changes and Traffic Monitoring SNMP Community Operation in a Stack Using the CLI To Disable or Re-Enable Stacking Transmission Interval Stacking Operation with Multiple VLANs Configured Status Messages x

13 7 QinQ (Provider Bridging) Overview Introduction How QinQ Works Features and Benefits Terminology Operating Rules and Guidelines Enabling QinQ and Configuring QinQ Modes QinQ Mixed Vlan Mode Configuring VLANs Operating Notes and Restrictions Configuring QinQ General Configuration Steps Enabling QinQ Setting up S-VLANs Configuring Per-Port S-VLAN Membership Configuring Port-Types Configuration Example Updating QinQ Configurations Changing QinQ Modes Disabling QinQ Changing VLAN Port Memberships (Mixed Vlan Mode) Moving Ports between C-VLANs and S-VLANs (Mixed Vlan Mode) Displaying QinQ Config and Status Show Commands for QinQ Show Commands for VLANs Displaying Spanning Tree Status Effects of QinQ on Other Switch Features Event Log Messages Classifier-Based Software Configuration Introduction Traffic Classes xi

14 Traffic Class-Based Configuration Model Creating a Traffic Class Using Match Criteria Traffic Class Configuration Procedure Optional ICMP Match Criteria Optional IGMP Match Criteria Optional TCP and UDP Match Criteria Using CIDR Notation for IPv4/IPv6 Addresses Resequencing Match/Ignore Statements Creating a Service Policy Creating a PBR Policy Troubleshooting PBR Modifying Classes in a Policy Resequencing Classes in a Policy Applying a Service Policy to an Interface Displaying Statistics for a Policy Where to Go From Here Zone Classes Zone Class-Based Configuration Creating a Zone Class Creating a Zone Policy Modifying Zones and Policies Applying a Zone Policy to a ONE Application Troubleshooting Problems Where to Go From Here Index xii

15 Product Documentation About Your Switch Manual Set Note For the latest version of all HP switch documentation, including Release Notes covering recently added features, please visit the HP Networking web site at Electronic Publications The latest version of each of the publications listed below is available in PDF format on the HP Networking web site, as described in the Note at the top of this page. Installation and Getting Started Guide Explains how to prepare for and perform the physical installation and connect the switch to your network. Basic Operation Guide Describes how to use the switch interfaces and introduces basic operations. Management and Configuration Guide Describes how to configure, manage, and monitor basic switch operation. Advanced Traffic Management Guide Explains how to configure traffic management features such as VLANs, MSTP, QoS, and Meshing. Multicast and Routing Guide Explains how to configure IGMP, PIM, IP routing, and VRRP features. Access Security Guide Explains how to configure access security features and user authentication on the switch. IPv6 Configuration Guide Describes the IPv6 protocol operations that are supported on the switch. Command Line Interface Reference Guide Provides a comprehensive description of CLI commands, syntax, and operations. Event Log Message Reference Guide Provides a comprehensive description of event log messages. Release Notes Describe new features, fixes, and enhancements that become available between revisions of the main product guide. xiii

16 Software Feature Index For the software manual set supporting your 3500/3500yl/5400zl/6200yl/6600/ 8200zl switch model, this feature index indicates which manual to consult for information on a given software feature. Intelligent Edge Software Features. These features are automatically included on all switches. Premium License Software Features. For the HP 3500, 3500yl, 5400zl, 6600, and 8200zl switches, Premium License features can be acquired by purchasing the optional Premium License and installing it on the Intelligent Edge version of these switches. (These features are automatically included on the HP 6200yl switches.) Premium License Software Features Management and Configuration Advanced Traffic Management Manual Multicast and Routing Access Security Guide IPv6 Configuration Guide OSPFv2 (IPv4) X OSPFv3 (IPv6) X PIM-DM (Dense Mode) X PIM-SM (Sparse Mode) X QinQ (Provider Bridging) X VRRP X Intelligent Edge Software Features Management and Configuration Advanced Traffic Management Multicast and Routing Manual Access Security Guide IPv6 Configuration Guide Basic Operation Guide 802.1Q VLAN Tagging X 802.1X Port-Based Priority X 802.1X Multiple Authenticated Clients Per Port X xiv

17 Intelligent Edge Software Features Management and Configuration Advanced Traffic Management Multicast and Routing Manual Access Security Guide IPv6 Configuration Guide Basic Operation Guide Access Control Lists (ACLs) X Access Control Lists (ACLs) (IPv6) X AAA Authentication X Authorized IP Managers X Authorized IP Managers (IPv6) X Authorized Manager List (Web, Telnet, TFTP) X Auto MDIX Configuration X BOOTP X Config File X Console Access X Copy Command X Core Dump X CoS (Class of Service) X Debug X DHCP Configuration X DHCPv6 Relay X DHCP Option 82 X DHCP Snooping X DHCP/Bootp Operation X Diagnostic Tools X Diagnostics and Troubleshooting (IPv6) X Distributed Trunking X Downloading Software X xv

18 Intelligent Edge Software Features Management and Configuration Advanced Traffic Management Multicast and Routing Manual Access Security Guide IPv6 Configuration Guide Basic Operation Guide Dynamic ARP Protection X Dynamic Configuration Arbiter X Dynamic IP Lockdown X Eavesdrop Protection X PCM/PCM+ X Equal Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) X Event Log X Factory Default Settings X Flow Control (802.3x) X File Management X File Transfers X Friendly Port Names X Guaranteed Minimum Bandwidth (GMB) X GVRP X Identity-Driven Management (IDM) X IGMP X Interface Access (Telnet, Console/Serial, Web) X IP Addressing X IPv6 Addressing X IP Preserve (IPv6) X IP Routing X IPv6 Static Routing X Jumbo Packets X xvi

19 Intelligent Edge Software Features Management and Configuration Advanced Traffic Management Multicast and Routing Manual Access Security Guide IPv6 Configuration Guide Basic Operation Guide Key Management System (KMS) X LACP X LLDP X LLDP-MED X Loop Protection X MAC Address Management X MAC Lockdown X MAC Lockout X MAC-based Authentication X Management VLAN X Management Security (IPv6) X Meshing X MLDv1/MLDv2 X Monitoring and Analysis X Multicast Filtering X Multiple Configuration Files X Network Management Applications (SNMP) X Nonstop Switching (8200zl switches) X Out-of-Band Management (OOBM) X OpenView Device Management X OSPFv3 X Passwords and Password Clear Protection X xvii

20 Intelligent Edge Software Features Management and Configuration Advanced Traffic Management Multicast and Routing Manual Access Security Guide IPv6 Configuration Guide Basic Operation Guide Ping X Policy-based Routing (PBR) X Port Configuration X Port Monitoring X Port Security X Port Status X Port Trunking (LACP) X Port-Based Access Control (802.1X) X Power over Ethernet (PoE and PoE+) X Protocol Filters X Protocol VLANS X Quality of Service (QoS) X RADIUS Authentication and Accounting X RADIUS-Based Configuration X Rate-Limiting X RIP X RMON 1,2,3,9 X Routing X Routing - IP Static X Route Redistribution X SavePower Features X Secure Copy X Secure Copy (IPv6) X xviii

21 Intelligent Edge Software Features Management and Configuration Advanced Traffic Management Multicast and Routing Manual Access Security Guide IPv6 Configuration Guide Basic Operation Guide Secure FTP (IPv6) X sflow X SFTP X SNMPv3 X SNMP (IPv6) X Software Downloads (SCP/ SFTP, TFPT, Xmodem) X Source-Port Filters X Spanning Tree (STP, RSTP, MSTP) X SSHv2 (Secure Shell) Encryption X SSH (IPv6) X SSL (Secure Socket Layer) X Stacking (3500/3500yl/ 6200yl/6600 switches only) X Syslog X System Information X TACACS+ Authentication X Telnet Access X Telnet (IPv6) X TFTP X Time Protocols (TimeP, SNTP) X Time Protocols (IPv6) X Traffic Mirroring X Traffic/Security Filters X Troubleshooting X xix

22 Intelligent Edge Software Features Management and Configuration Advanced Traffic Management Multicast and Routing Manual Access Security Guide IPv6 Configuration Guide Basic Operation Guide Tunneling (6in4) X Uni-Directional Link Detection (UDLD) X UDP Forwarder X USB Device Support X Virus Throttling (Connection-Rate Filtering) X VLANs X VLAN Mirroring (1 static VLAN) X Voice VLAN X Web Authentication RADIUS Support X Web-based Authentication X Web UI X xx

23 1 Static Virtual LANs (VLANs) Overview This chapter describes how to configure and use static, port-based and protocol-based VLANs on the switches covered in this guide. 1-1

24 Static Virtual LANs (VLANs) Introduction Introduction VLAN Features Feature Default Menu CLI WebAgent view existing VLANs n/a page 1-22 page 1-28 page 1-43 thru 1-27 configuring static VLANs default VLAN with VID = 1 page 1-22 thru 1-27 page 1-27 page 1-43 VLANs enable you to group users by logical function instead of physical location. This helps to control bandwidth usage within your network by allowing you to group high-bandwidth users on low-traffic segments and to organize users from different LAN segments according to their need for common resources and/or their use of individual protocols. You can also improve traffic control at the edge of your network by separating traffic of different protocol types. VLANs can also enhance your network security by creating separate subnets to help control in-band access to specific network resources. General VLAN Operation A VLAN is comprised of multiple ports operating as members of the same subnet (broadcast domain). Ports on multiple devices can belong to the same VLAN, and traffic moving between ports in the same VLAN is bridged (or switched ). (Traffic moving between different VLANs must be routed.) A static VLAN is an 802.1Q-compliant VLAN configured with one or more ports that remain members regardless of traffic usage. (A dynamic VLAN is an 802.1Q-compliant VLAN membership that the switch temporarily creates on a port to provide a link to another port in the same VLAN on another device.) This chapter describes static VLANs configured for port-based or protocolbased operation. Static VLANs are configured with a name, VLAN ID number (VID), and port members. (For dynamic VLANs, refer to chapter 2, GVRP.) By default, the switches covered in this guide are 802.1Q VLAN-enabled and allow up to 2048 static and dynamic VLANs. (The default static VLAN setting is 256) Q compatibility enables you to assign each switch port to multiple VLANs, if needed. 1-2

25 Types of Static VLANs Available in the Switch Port-Based VLANs Static Virtual LANs (VLANs) Introduction This type of static VLAN creates a specific layer-2 broadcast domain comprised of member ports that bridge IPv4 traffic among themselves. Port-Based VLAN traffic is routable on the switches covered in this guide. Protocol-Based VLANs This type of static VLAN creates a layer-3 broadcast domain for traffic of a particular protocol, and is comprised of member ports that bridge traffic of the specified protocol type among themselves. Some protocol types are routable on the switches covered in this guide. Refer to table 1-1 on page 1-5. Designated VLANs The switch uses these static, port-based VLAN types to separate switch management traffic from other network traffic. While these VLANs are not limited to management traffic only, they can provide improved security and availability for management traffic. The Default VLAN: This port-based VLAN is always present in the switch and, in the default configuration, includes all ports as members (page 1-49). The Primary VLAN: The switch uses this port-based VLAN to run certain features and management functions, including DHCP/Bootp responses for switch management. In the default configuration, the Default VLAN is also the Primary VLAN. However, you can designate another, port-based, non-default VLAN, as the Primary VLAN (page 1-49). The Secure Management VLAN: This optional, port-based VLAN establishes an isolated network for managing the HP switches that support this feature. Access to this VLAN and to the switch s management functions are available only through ports configured as members (page 1-50). Voice VLANs: This optional, port-based VLAN type enables you to separate, prioritize, and authenticate voice traffic moving through your network, and to avoid the possibility of broadcast storms affecting VoIP (Voice-over-IP) operation (page 1-58). 1-3

26 Static Virtual LANs (VLANs) Terminology Note In a multiple-vlan environment that includes some older switch models there may be problems related to the same MAC address appearing on different ports and VLANs on the same switch. In such cases the solution is to impose some cabling and VLAN restrictions. For more on this topic, refer to Multiple VLAN Considerations on page Terminology Dynamic VLAN: An 802.1Q VLAN membership temporarily created on a port linked to another device, where both devices are running GVRP. (See also Static VLAN.) For more information, refer to chapter 2, GVRP. Static VLAN: A port-based or protocol-based VLAN configured in switch memory. (See also Dynamic VLAN.) Tagged Packet: A packet that carries an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN ID (VID), which is a two-byte extension that precedes the source MAC address field of an ethernet frame. A VLAN tag is layer 2 data and is transparent to higher layers. Tagged VLAN: A VLAN that complies with the 802.1Q standard, including priority settings, and allows a port to join multiple VLANs. (See also Untagged VLAN.) Untagged Packet: A packet that does not carry an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN ID (VID). Untagged VLAN: A VLAN that does not use or forward 802.1Q VLAN tagging, including priority settings. A port can be a member of only one untagged VLAN of a given type (port-based and the various protocol-based types). (See also Tagged VLAN.) VID: The acronym for a VLAN Identification Number. Each 802.1Q-compliant VLAN must have its own unique VID number, and that VLAN must be given the same VID in every device in which it is configured. 1-4

27 Static Virtual LANs (VLANs) Static VLAN Operation Static VLAN Operation A group of networked ports assigned to a VLAN form a broadcast domain that is separate from other VLANs that may be configured on the switch. On a given switch, packets are bridged between source and destination ports that belong to the same VLAN. Thus, all ports passing traffic for a particular subnet address should be configured to the same VLAN. Cross-domain broadcast traffic in the switch is eliminated and bandwidth is saved by not allowing packets to flood out all ports. Table 1-1. Comparative Operation of Port-Based and Protocol-Based VLANs IP Addressing Port-Based VLANs Usually configured with at least one unique IP address. You can create a port-based VLAN without an IP address. However, this limits the switch features available to ports on that VLAN. (Refer to How IP Addressing Affects Switch Operation in the chapter Configuring IP Addressing in the Basic Operation Guide.) You can also use multiple IP addresses to create multiple subnets within the same VLAN. (For more on this topic, refer to the chapter on Configuring IP Addressing in the Baic Operation Guide.) Protocol-Based VLANs You can configure IP addresses on all protocol VLANs. However, IP addressing is used only on IPv4 and IPv6 protocol VLANs. Restrictions: When you configure an IP address on a VLAN interface, the following restrictions apply: Loopback interfaces share the same IP address space with VLAN configurations. The maximum number of IP addresses supported on a switch is 2048, which includes all IP addresses configured for both VLANs and loopback interfaces (except for the default loopback IP address ). Each IP address that you configure on a VLAN interface must be unique in the switch. This means that the address cannot be used by a VLAN interface or another loopback interface. For more information, refer to the chapter on Configuring IP Addressing in the Basic Operation Guide. 1-5

28 Static Virtual LANs (VLANs) Static VLAN Operation Untagged VLAN Membership Tagged VLAN Membership Routing Commands for Configuring Static VLANs Port-Based VLANs A port can be a member of one untagged, portbased VLAN. All other port-based VLAN assignments for that port must be tagged. A port can be a tagged member of any port-based VLAN. See above. The switch can internally route IP (IPv4) traffic between port-based VLANs and between portbased and IPv4 protocol-based VLANs if the switch configuration enables IP routing. If the switch is not configured to route traffic internally between port-based VLANs, then an external router must be used to move traffic between VLANs. VLAN Environments Protocol-Based VLANs A port can be an untagged member of one protocol VLAN of a specific protocol type (such as IPX or IPv6). If the same protocol type is configured in multiple protocol VLANs, then a port can be an untagged member of only one of those protocol VLANs. For example, if you have two protocol VLANs, 100 and 200, and both include IPX, then a port can be an untagged member of either VLAN 100 or VLAN 200, but not both VLANs. A port s untagged VLAN memberships can include up to four different protocol types. This means that a port can be an untagged member of one of the following: Four single-protocol VLANs Two protocol VLANs where one VLAN includes a single protocol and the other includes up to three protocols One protocol VLAN where the VLAN includes four protocols A port can be a tagged member of any protocolbased VLAN. See above. If the switch configuration enables IP routing, the switch can internally route IPv4 traffic as follows: Between multiple IPv4 protocol-based VLANs Between IPv4 protocol-based VLANs and portbased VLANs. Other protocol-based VLANs require an external router for moving traffic between VLANs. Note: NETbeui and SNA are non-routable protocols. End stations intended to receive traffic in these protocols must be attached to the same physical network. vlan < VID > [ tagged untagged < [e] port-list >] vlan < VID > protocol < ipx ipv4 ipv6 arp appletalk sna netbeui > vlan < VID > [ tagged untagged < [e] port-list >] You can configure different VLAN types in any combination. Note that the default VLAN will always be present. (For more on the default VLAN, refer to VLAN Support and the Default VLAN on page 1-49.) 1-6

29 Static Virtual LANs (VLANs) Static VLAN Operation Table 1-2. VLAN Environments VLAN Environment The default VLAN (port-based; VID of 1 ) Only Elements In the default VLAN configuration, all ports belong to VLAN 1 as untagged members. VLAN 1 is a port-based VLAN, for IPv4 traffic. Multiple VLAN Environment In addition to the default VLAN, the configuration can include one or more other port-based VLANs and one or more protocol VLANs. (The switches covered in this guide allow up to 2048 (vids up to 4094) VLANs of all types.) Using VLAN tagging, ports can belong to multiple VLANs of all types. Enabling routing on the switch enables the switch to route IPv4 traffic between port-based VLANs and between portbased VLANs and IPv4 protocol VLANs. Routing other types of traffic between VLANs requires an external router capable of processing the appropriate protocol(s). VLAN Operation The Default VLAN. In figure 1-1, all ports belong to the default VLAN, and devices connected to these ports are in the same broadcast domain. Except for an IP address and subnet, no configuration steps are needed. A8 A7 A6 A5 VLAN 1 A1 A2 A3 A4 Figure 1-1. Example of a Switch in the Default VLAN Configuration Multiple Port-Based VLANs. In figure 1-2, routing within the switch is disabled (the default). This means that communication between any routable VLANs on the switch must go through the external router. In this case, VLANs W and X can exchange traffic through the external router, but traffic in VLANs Y and Z is restricted to the respective VLANs. Note that VLAN 1, the default VLAN, is also present, but not shown. (The default VLAN cannot be deleted from the switch. However, ports assigned to other VLANs can be removed from the default VLAN, if desired.) If internal (IP) routing is enabled 1-7

30 Static Virtual LANs (VLANs) Static VLAN Operation on the switch, then the external router is not needed for traffic to move between port-based VLANs. Switch with Multiple VLANs Configured and Internal Routing Disabled External Router VLAN X Figure 1-2. Example of Multiple VLANs on the Switch A8 A7 A6 A5 Protocol VLAN Environment. Figure 1-2 can also be applied to a protocol VLAN environment. In this case, VLANs W and X represent routable protocol VLANs. VLANs Y and Z can be any protocol VLAN. As noted for the discussion of multiple port-based VLANs, VLAN 1 is not shown. Enabling internal (IP) routing on the switch allows IP traffic to move between VLANs on the switch. However, routable, non-ip traffic always requires an external router. Routing Options for VLANs VLAN Y VLAN Z VLAN W A1 A2 A3 A4 Table 1-3. Options for Routing Between VLAN Types in the Switch Port- Based IPX IPv4 IPv6 ARP Apple -Talk SNA 2 Netbeui 2 Port-Based Yes Yes Protocol IPX Yes 1 IPv4 Yes Yes IPv6 Yes 1 ARP Yes 1 AppleTalk Yes 1 1-8

31 Static Virtual LANs (VLANs) Static VLAN Operation Port- Based IPX IPv4 IPv6 ARP Apple -Talk SNA 2 Netbeui 2 SNA 2 NETbeui 2 1 Requires an external router to route between VLANs. 2 Not a routable protocol type. End stations intended to receive traffic in these protocols must be attached to the same physical network. Overlapping (Tagged) VLANs A port can be a member of more than one VLAN of the same type if the device to which the port connects complies with the 802.1Q VLAN standard. For example, a port connected to a central server using a network interface card (NIC) that complies with the 802.1Q standard can be a member of multiple VLANs, allowing members of multiple VLANs to use the server. Although these VLANs cannot communicate with each other through the server, they can all access the server over the same connection from the switch. Where VLANs overlap in this way, VLAN tags are used in the individual packets to distinguish between traffic from different VLANs. A VLAN tag includes the particular VLAN I.D. (VID) of the VLAN on which the packet was generated. HP Switch 802.1Q-Compliant Server Figure 1-3. Example of Overlapping VLANs Using the Same Server Similarly, using 802.1Q-compliant switches, you can connect multiple VLANs through a single switch-to-switch link. 1-9

32 Static Virtual LANs (VLANs) Static VLAN Operation Red Server Blue Server The same link carries Red VLAN and Blue VLAN traffic. Red VLAN HP Switch HP Switch Red VLAN Red VLAN Blue VLAN Blue VLAN Figure 1-4. Example of Connecting Multiple VLANs Through the Same Link Introducing Tagged VLAN Technology into Networks Running Legacy (Untagged) VLANs. You can introduce 802.1Q-compliant devices into networks that have built untagged VLANs based on earlier VLAN technology. The fundamental rule is that legacy/untagged VLANs require a separate link for each VLAN, while 802.1Q, or tagged VLANs can combine several VLANs in one link. This means that on the 802.1Q-compliant device, separate ports (configured as untagged) must be used to connect separate VLANs to non-802.1q devices. The legacy (non-802.1q compliant) switch requires a separate link for each VLAN. Red VLAN Red Server Blue Server VLAN tagging enables the Link to carry Red VLAN and Blue VLAN Traffic Non-802.1Q Switch Red VLAN Blue VLAN HP Switch HP Switch Red VLAN Blue VLAN Red VLAN Blue VLAN Blue VLAN Figure 1-5. Example of Tagged and Untagged VLAN Technology in the Same Network For more information on VLANs, refer to: Overview of Using VLANs (page 1-49) Menu: Configuring VLAN Parameters (page 1-21) 1-10

33 Static Virtual LANs (VLANs) Static VLAN Operation CLI: Configuring VLAN Parameters (page 1-21) WebAgent: Viewing and Configuring VLAN Parameters (page 1-43) VLAN Tagging Information (page 1-44) Effect of VLANs on Other Switch Features (page 1-60) VLAN Restrictions (page 1-62) Per-Port Static VLAN Configuration Options The following figure and table show the options you can use to assign individual ports to a static VLAN. Note that GVRP, if configured, affects these options and VLAN behavior on the switch. The display below shows the perport VLAN configuration options. Table 1-4 briefly describes these options. Example of Per-Port VLAN Configuration with GVRP Disabled (the default) Example of Per-Port VLAN Configuration with GVRP Enabled Enabling GVRP causes No to display as Auto. Figure 1-6. Comparing Per-Port VLAN Options With and Without GVRP Table 1-4. Per-Port VLAN Configuration Options Parameter Tagged Untagged Effect on Port Participation in Designated VLAN Allows the port to join multiple VLANs. Allows VLAN connection to a device that is configured for an untagged VLAN instead of a tagged VLAN. A port can be an untagged member of only one port-based VLAN. A port can also be an untagged member of only one protocol-based VLAN for any given protocol type. For example, if the switch is configured with the default VLAN plus three protocol-based VLANs that include IPX, then port 1 can be an untagged member of the default VLAN and one of the protocol-based VLANS. 1-11

34 Static Virtual LANs (VLANs) VLAN Operating Rules Parameter No - or - Auto Forbid Effect on Port Participation in Designated VLAN No: Appears when the switch is not GVRP-enabled; prevents the port from joining that VLAN. Auto: Appears when GVRP is enabled on the switch; allows the port to dynamically join any advertised VLAN that has the same VID Prevents the port from joining the VLAN, even if GVRP is enabled on the switch. VLAN Operating Rules DHCP/Bootp: If you are using DHCP/Bootp to acquire the switch s configuration, packet time-to-live, and TimeP information, you must designate the VLAN on which DHCP is configured for this purpose as the Primary VLAN. (In the factory-default configuration, the DEFAULT_VLAN is the Primary VLAN.) Per-VLAN Features: IGMP and some other features operate on a per VLAN basis. This means you must configure such features separately for each VLAN in which you want them to operate. Default VLAN: You can rename the default VLAN, but you cannot change its VID (1) or delete it from the switch. VLAN Port Assignments: Any ports not specifically removed from the default VLAN remain in the DEFAULT_VLAN, regardless of other port assignments. Also, a port must always be a tagged or untagged member of at least one port-based VLAN. Voice-Over-IP (VoIP): VoIP operates only over static, port-based VLANs. Multiple VLAN Types Configured on the Same Port: A port can simultaneously belong to both port-based and protocol-based VLANs. Protocol Capacity: A protocol-based VLAN can include up to four protocol types. In protocol VLANs using the IPv4 protocol, ARP must be one of these protocol types (to support normal IP network operation). Otherwise, IP traffic on the VLAN is disabled. If you configure an IPv4 protocol VLAN that does not already include the ARP VLAN protocol, the switch displays this message: 1-12

35 Static Virtual LANs (VLANs) VLAN Operating Rules HP Switch(config)# vlan 97 protocol ipv4 IPv4 assigned without ARP, this may result in undeliverable IP packets. Indicates a protocol VLAN configured with IPv4, but not ARP. Deleting Static VLANs: On the switches covered in this guide you can delete a VLAN regardless of whether there are currently any ports belonging to that VLAN. (The ports are moved to the default VLAN.) Adding or Deleting VLANs: Changing the number of VLANs supported on the switch requires a reboot. (From the CLI, you must perform a write memory command before rebooting.) Other VLAN configuration changes are dynamic. Inbound Tagged Packets: If a tagged packet arrives on a port that is not a tagged member of the VLAN indicated by the packet s VID, the switch drops the packet. Similarly, the switch will drop an inbound, tagged packet if the receiving port is an untagged member of the VLAN indicated by the packet s VID. Untagged Packet Forwarding: To enable an inbound port to forward an untagged packet, the port must be an untagged member of either a protocol VLAN matching the packet s protocol or an untagged member of a port-based VLAN. That is, when a port receives an incoming, untagged packet, it processes the packet according to the following ordered criteria: a. If the port has no untagged VLAN memberships, the switch drops the packet. b. If the port has an untagged VLAN membership in a protocol VLAN that matches the protocol type of the incoming packet, then the switch forwards the packet on that VLAN. c. If the port is a member of an untagged, port-based VLAN, the switch forwards the packet to that VLAN. Otherwise, the switch drops the packet. 1-13