Diarrhoea in weaners and finisher pigs

Transcription

1 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S Diarrhoea in weaners and finisher pigs Veterinarian, Ph.D Stud. Nicolai Weber, University of Copenhagen Veterinary Specialist, Ken Steen Pedersen, CEO, Ø- Vet A/S Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015

2 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S Plan for presentation Definition of diarrhoea + causes + significance Diagnostic methods Time of treatment and method Choice of antibiotic How do I assess the need for treatment Causes of diarrhoea in practice Experience with reduction of tetracycline Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015

3 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S Introduction Why all this talk about diarrhoea? Gastro-intestinal health has a big influence on productivity Approx. 75 % of all antibiotics for weaners Approx. 60 % of all antibiotics for finisher pigs Antibiotic consumption must be reduced Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015

4 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S Definition of diarrhoea Dry matter analysis: <18% = diarrhoea Score 4 Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015

5 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S What causes diarrhoea? Infections Virus Bacteria Parasites Unknown causes Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015

6 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S Causes of diarrhoea - Virus Rotavirus PED (not in Denmark!) Cannot be treated with antibiotics Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015

7 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S Causes of diarrhoea - Bacteria E.Coli ( 75%) Lawsonia intracellularis ( 50%) B. Pilosicoli( 50%) Can be treated Mixed infections (60%) with antibiotics Dysentery (rare in Denmark) Salmonella (rare cause of diarrhoea in Denmark) Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015

8 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S Causes of diarrhoea? Unknown cause 25 % of examined diarrhoea outbreaks Feed related? Unknown bacterium or virus? Does not require antibiotics 30 g reduction of growth if not treated Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015

9 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S What does diarrhoea mean for productivity and antibiotic consumption? Growth reduction (100 to 400 gram a day) Feed conversion Mortality Depends on infection Increase in antibiotic consumption Treatment often works Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015

10 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S How do we find the causes of diarrhoea? Pigs with visible diarrhoea are the tip of the iceberg Pigs without diarrhoea also have Enteritis Diagnostics can be used to: 1. Find a possible cause of diarrhoea 2. Determine which treatment should be used Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015

11 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S Diagnostic methods Faecal samples Intestinal pieces Whole pigs Blood samples Laboratory result with detection of bacteria/virus + resistance test Laboratory result with count of the number of bacteria (sock samples) Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015

12 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S When to treat? The problem: Pigs without diarrhoea symptoms could have Enteritis Pigs with diarrhoea symptoms do not have Enteritis Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015

13 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S When to treat? Results of the latest research from 3 weaner productions: Early treatment before diarrhoea symptoms when the sock sample is positive gives best growth Quick diagnostic methods should be developed for a precise decision on when to treat and thereby smaller antibiotic consumption without loss of productivity Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015

14 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S How to treat? Flock medication is best for treating Lawsonia It is not possible to find all infected pigs (Inge Larsen Ph.D student, KU-SUND) Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015

15 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S What to use for treatment? 1. Depends on the cause of diarrhoea Type of infection Can the infection be treated with antibiotics? 2. Resistance test 3. Treatment guidance Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015

16 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S What to use for treatment? E.coli: Colistin (green) Amoxycillin (yellow) Apramycin (yellow) Sulpha/TMP (yellow) Vaccination against certain types of E.coli Lawsonia and B. pilosicoli infections: Tiamulin (green) Tetracycline (yellow) Tylosin (yellow) Vaccination against Lawsonia is an option Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015

17 Svinekongres Herning 21 October 2015 Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Sundhed & Ø-Vet A/S

18 Diarrhoea in weaners and finisher pigs Ken Steen Pedersen

19 Outline How do I asses the need for treatment Causes of diarrhoea in practice Experience with reduction of tetracycline Conclusion

20 How do I assess the need for individual-treatment

21 How do I assess the need for individual-treatment Svinekongres Institut for Produktionsdyr og Heste, Sektion for produktion og Herning Sundhed 21 & Ø-Vet October A/S

22 How do I assess the need for batch-treatment

23 How do I assess the need for batch-treatment

24 Diarrhoeic pools in sections How do I assess the need for batch-treatment Best to check early in the day when the pigs are active Grødet gødning Vandig gødning Time-point

25 How do I assess the need for batch-treatment

26 Causes in practice 1. Remember other infections: 1. Rotavirus 2. Swine-dysentery Source: Jorsal, 2015

27 Causes in practice Interaction between feed and infections

28 Experience with reduction of tetracycline

29 Experience with reduction of tetracycline Source: Jorsal, 2015

30 Experience with reduction of tetracycline Can be completely removed on some farms Can be reduced on some farms Can not be removed/reduced on some farms

31 Conclusion 1. Timing treatment is difficult in practice 1. Diarrheic pools, uneven growth, unthrifty pigs 2. Apparently healthy pigs can also be sick 2. E. coli and Lawsonia are normal causes 1. Remember feed, rotavirus and other bacteria 3. Tetracycline can be reduced/replaced in some herds 4. Prevention of diarrhea is a topic for another day

32 Thank you for your attention