Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting,

Transcription

1 Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting, 5 th Edition Chapter 10 Airport Emergency Planning

2 Chapter 10 Lesson Goal After completing this lesson, the student shall be able to describe airport emergency plans and aircraft rescue and fire fighting response to accidents. 10 1

3 Objectives 1. Discuss airport emergency plans. 2. Describe primary response considerations. 3. Describe secondary response considerations. (Continued) 10 2

4 Objectives 4. Discuss emergency response. 5. Explain training considerations. 10 3

5 Airport Emergency Plan (AEP) An essential part of risk management Addresses the need for coordinated response Complete and detailed 10 4

6 Types of Aircraft Involved Dictate kinds/quantities of resources General aviation/commercial Handled the same Agricultural aircraft hazardous materials response Be familiar with military aviation 10 5

7 Types of Accidents/Incidents Know difference between an incident and an accident Defined as low- or high-impact Measured by severity and angle of impact (Continued) 10 6

8 Types of Accidents/Incidents Low-impact crash fatality rates tend to be low if egress not blocked by fire Courtesy of District Chief Chris Mickal, New Orleans (LA) FD Photo Unit. (Continued) 10 7

9 Types of Accidents/Incidents High-impact crash a nonsurvivable crash resulting in severe structural damage to aircraft Individuals have survived Courtesy of SPC Kyle Davis (US Army), Defense Visual Information Center (DVIC). (Continued) 10 8

10 Types of Accidents/Incidents Both types of accidents life safety/rescue is number one goal 10 9

11 Critical Phases of Flight First 5 minutes after take-off Last 10 minutes before landing Noncruise flight under 10,000 ft (3 000 m) 10 10

12 Possible Accident Sites High percentage of accidents occur on or near airport property Prepare grid maps Airport Surrounding area Courtesy of DFW International Airport ITS/GIS Department. (Continued) 10 11

13 Possible Accident Sites Establish airport hazard assessments Accident Potential Zones Clear Zone APZ 1 APZ 2 Assessment should include certain criteria 10 12

14 Bailout and Jettison Areas AEP Bailout and jettison areas Area maps Procedures for military aircrews to bailout or jettison stores at this area (Continued) 10 13

15 Bailout and Jettison Areas Included in search plan AEP procedures for rescue/retrieval AEP should establish a Bailout-Jettison area 10 14

16 Search and Rescue Air Search & Rescue Ground Search & Rescue (GSAR) GSAR initiated once an aircraft is downed, missing, overdue Agencies coordinate own efforts 10 15

17 Accident Site Accessibility Check access to areas where crashes are likely Access may be restricted Planning include routes over areas in which no roads exist Courtesy of Robert Lindstrom. (Continued) 10 16

18 Accident Site Accessibility Develop a standard emergency response pattern (SERP) model for use during each incident Standardize locations Establish areas upwind 10 17

19 Climatic Considerations Consider effects of weather Delay/prevent response Make terrain difficult to pass (Continued) 10 18

20 Climatic Considerations Protect aircraft occupants/responders Portable shelters Rehabilitation areas Blankets, ponchos, rain gear 10 19

21 Primary Response Agencies that are notified on the initial call Nature/magnitude of emergency dictate level of response (Continued) 10 20

22 Primary Response Aircraft rescue and fire fighting services Law enforcement agencies Emergency medical services Air carrier/aircraft owner Airport Management Operations 10 21

23 Law Enforcement Agencies Cordon off immediate crash site Should establish scene security perimeter Limit access to Staging Area Various other responsibilities 10 22

24 Emergency Medical Services Plans should address EMS needs Emergency personnel Triage Emergency care Transportation of injured (Continued) 10 23

25 Emergency Medical Services AEP identify abilities/limitations of medical facilities Minor injuries Airport facility Hotels/schools 10 24

26 Air Carrier/Aircraft Owner Key player in management of aviation disaster Airline personnel provide precise information Number of occupants Hazardous materials (Continued) 10 25

27 Air Carrier/Aircraft Owner Developed airline disaster response and family-assistance resource teams Have personnel that will respond to an incident to manage and protect interests (Continued) 10 26

28 Air Carrier/Aircraft Owner IC may request senior air carrier representative be assigned command post Acts require affected airline to perform wide variety of tasks Air carrier responsible for removal of aircraft 10 27

29 Airport Management/Operations After emergency operations, primary goal will be to resume normal/modified airport operations Helicopters may need to request airspace restriction (Continued) 10 28

30 Airport Management/Operations Will make required and necessary notifications Physical resources available from airport Airport personnel can support tasks (Continued) 10 29

31 Airport Management/Operations Conduct damage assessment/ inspection Personnel Assist with preservation and protection of wreckage and immediate incident scene Video and photographic documentation 10 30

32 Secondary Response Activated as primary response units arrive Expands and contracts as dictated by emergency 10 31

33 Mutual Aid Support Should have written mutual aid agreements Can become part of primary response Courtesy of John Demyan. (Continued) 10 32

34 Mutual Aid Support If not primary response, need to request aid Meet with representatives of all entities 10 33

35 Available Apparatus, Equipment, and Water Supply May need to call in specialized vehicles and equipment Written plan should designate types of vehicles Contractual information part of AEP Special emphasis on water supply 10 34

36 Rehabilitation Resources All personnel required to spend time in rehab area Make arrangements with vendors, canteen providers, other organizations (Continued) 10 35

37 Rehabilitation Resources Exercise proper decontamination procedures Rehab area must meet certain requirements 10 36

38 Critical Incident Stress Management Team Responders subject to psychological pressure Should have a list of qualified critical incident stress teams (Continued) 10 37

39 Critical Incident Stress Management Team Personnel provided the opportunity to participate in a critical incident stress program within first 24 hours Responders being demobilized defused/provided CISM information prior to leaving scene 10 38

40 Government Agencies May assist in crash investigation FBI, ATF, and other agencies Crash evidence is important Escort media personnel Restrict media to bus (Continued) 10 39

41 Government Agencies Names of those involved If not seriously injured, as soon as possible If killed or seriously injured, kin must be notified first 10 40

42 Military Assistance Can help if criteria are met May enter into mutual-assistance agreements Can provide military personnel and resources Courtesy of AIC L.A. Smith (USAF), Defense Visual Information Center (DVIC)

43 American Red Cross and Salvation Army Red Cross Tasked under the Aviation Disaster Family Assistance Act of 1996 Performs many functions Language Bank Salvation Army has similar programs to Red Cross 10 42

44 Mortuary Assistance Plans should include temporary morgue Local facilities may become overwhelmed Representatives should meet with planners 10 43

45 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Responsible for investigating civil aircraft Determine if violations of federal aviation laws/regulations Look at many factors Also investigate accidents/incidents not investigated by NTSB 10 44

46 Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) Will immediately notify emergency and airport services Should regularly meet with emergency services Relay radio transmissions received on FAA frequencies (Continued) 10 45

47 Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) Advise traffic of emergency situations Recorded and kept for 15 days If accident, retained for 6 months/resolved Also investigated as potential cause of an accident 10 46

48 Coast Guard Responsible for search and rescue missions in territorial U.S. waters Can take actions where their aid is needed 10 47

49 Other Waterborne Resources Harbor masters, Lifeguards, Harbor Patrol, Army Corps of Engineers, other marine organizations Private vessel owners 10 48

50 Foreign Language Interpreters and Linguists Identify resources in emergency plans Services such as ALTRUSA International, Inc

51 Religious Organizations and Clergy Clergy Provide comfort Perform religious services Churches Volunteers Physical facilities 10 50

52 Communications Services Ham radio organizations Provide additional means of communication Ham radio operators position in key positions, provide own equipment (Continued) 10 51

53 Communications Services Telephone/cellular companies provide temporary and additional communications 10 52

54 Public Works Departments City/county public works State highway departments, water departments, gas and electric utility companies 10 53

55 Civil Air Patrol Volunteer organization Aircraft/personnel for search Locate and turn off Emergency Location Transmitters Usually provided free of charge Courtesy of Susan C. Robertson, NHQ Photographer, Civil Air Patrol

56 Airport Tenants and Fixed Based Operators (FBOs) May be able to provide a wide variety of resources Equipment Facilities Specialized personnel (Continued) 10 55

57 Airport Tenants and Fixed Based Operators (FBOs) May be able to provide a wide variety of services Aircraft maintenance/repair facilities Caterers/restaurants Helicopter contractors Aeronautical/flight schools Rental car/bus companies 10 56

58 Office of Emergency Services/ Management (OES/OEM) Act as a focal point to access resources/assistance Federal Emergency Management (FEMA) contact for federal resources during disasters 10 57

59 Search and Rescue Teams Volunteer, professional, and paid organizations Wilderness, mountain, desert Mounted posses Underwater teams/divers 4-wheel drive teams Snowmobile teams Search dog units 10 58

60 Construction Contractors/ Equipment Rental Specialized resources Vehicles Tools and equipment Cordoning supplies Equipment for survivors and emergency crews 10 59

61 Communications and News Media Must be addressed during planning Clear communication is essential Establish working relationship with news media 10 60

62 Response to Military Aircraft Accidents Military personnel deal with delicate, dangerous, complicated military aircraft systems Call nearest military installation or notify National Response Center Contact regional FEMA office (Continued) 10 61

63 Response to Military Aircraft Accidents Military will dispatch assistance teams Military will obtain information from witnesses Courtesy of TSgt Douglas K. Lingefelt (USAF), Defense Visual Information Center (DVIC)

64 Response to Airport Structure Fires must deal with fires in structures FAA requires indexed airports to address structure fires (Continued) 10 63

65 Response to Airport Structure Fires Emergency response plans identify evacuation procedures Plans should define roles and responsibilities agency Local fire and emergency services 10 64

66 Response to Hazardous Materials Incidents Must consider hazards Aircraft fuels Lubricants Hydraulic fluids Liquid oxygen (LOX) Paint solvents Non-destructive inspection radiation sources (Continued) 10 65

67 Response to Hazardous Materials Incidents Response plans should focus on hazards commonly found on particular airfield AEP identify organizations/agencies responsible SARA Title III Hazardous Material Business Plans 10 66

68 Contagious Disease Response Plans should identify procedures for emergency workers Protect themselves Isolate potentially contaminated passengers Provide emergency care/transportation Contact local health department or CDC 10 67

69 Terrorism Response Airfields/aircraft target of terrorists Plan similar to hazardous materials plan Different approach required Danger of secondary events Criminal nature (Continued) 10 68

70 Terrorism Response Plan should match risks and hazards Include additional agencies Department of Homeland Security Federal Bureau of Investigation 10 69

71 Response to Mass Casualty Incidents Crashes involving commercial aircraft large number of casualties Must be prepared to handle casualties Courtesy of William D. Stewart. (Continued) 10 70

72 Response to Mass Casualty Incidents Plans must Identify procedures Define roles and responsibilities 10 71

73 Post-incident Scene Control Site can remain busy Investigation phase of incident Agency personnel represent organizations interests Plan should identify necessary items 10 72

74 Training AEP only successful with training Small exercises Large-scale drill 10 73

75 Training for Mutual Aid and Support Personnel Mutual aid often needed in a major event/multiple simultaneous events Participate in airport emergency planning, training, and drills Conduct joint exercises at airport (Continued) 10 74

76 Training for Mutual Aid and Support Personnel Personnel near an airport should become familiar with airport/aircraft Mutual aid companies should become familiar with airport Training emphasize use of structural apparatus (Continued) 10 75

77 Training for Mutual Aid and Support Personnel Practice under conditions as realistic as possible Airport support personnel may be an effective adjunct to fire prevention forces 10 76

78 Joint Training Exercises Participate in several full-scale training exercises Operational priorities in Rescue Fire control Loss control (Continued) 10 77

79 Joint Training Exercises Successful execution Airport emergency planning Cooperation Participate in post incident analysis Exercise plan once a year table top Full-scale drill as required by AHJ 10 78

80 Summary An airport emergency response plan should include multiple considerations about the airport to which it applies. (Continued) 10 79

81 Summary These considerations include the types of aircraft the airport services, the airport s possible accident sites and their accessibility, as well as information about climate conditions and search and rescue capabilities. (Continued) 10 80

82 Summary An AEP should establish all resources available to personnel. An AEP must also describe responses to specific emergencies that could occur at an airport. (Continued) 10 81

83 Summary Every aspect of an AEP should be practiced on a regular basis. Joint training exercises should include all mutual aid support agencies that may respond to an emergency

84 Review Questions 1. How are accidents defined and measured? 2. What are the types of search and rescue operations that can be activated? 3. What are several common problems identified during aircraft incident (Continued) critiques? 10 83

85 Review Questions 4. What agencies may need to be notified of an accident by airport management personnel? 5. When is the secondary response network activated? (Continued) 10 84

86 Review Questions 6. What are some activities for which local Department of Defense (DoD) installations may be called upon for assistance? (Continued) 10 85

87 Review Questions 7. When are ham radio organizations especially valuable as a means of communication during an incident? 8. What is the Multi Agency Radio Communication System (MARCS)? (Continued) 10 86

88 Review Questions 9. What are the duties of military police when called upon for assistance during an incident? 10. Discuss procedures that must be identified in mass casualty incident (MCI) response plans