Rainforest Animals of South America
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2 Rainforest Animals of South America Facts Pack Published by Active Wild Photo Credits: Cover photo: Michal Bednarek/Shutterstock.com Anteater: Joe McDonald/Shutterstock.com, BMJ/Shutterstock.com Blue morpho: FineShine/Shutterstock.com, davemhuntphotography/shutterstock.com Boa Constrictor: guentermanaus/shutterstock.com, Patrick K. Campbell/Shutterstock.com, rujithai/shutterstock.com Caiman: sisqopote/shutterstock.com, Ondrej Prosicky/Shutterstock.com Capybara: Vadim Petrakov/Shutterstock.com Poison Dart Frog: reptiles4all/shutterstock.com, Jiri Hodecek/Shutterstock.com, shanesabin/shutterstock.com Red Eyed Tree Frog: bluedogroom/shutterstock.com, Bildagentur Zoonar GmbH/Shutterstock.com Green Anaconda:Alucard2100/Shutterstock.com, Ryan M. Bolton/Shutterstock.com, Patrick K. Campbell/Shutterstock.com Harpy Eagle: Alfredo Maiquez/Shutterstock.com, worldswildlifewonders/shutterstock.com Iguana: Andaman/Shutterstock.com, Neil Burton/Shutterstock.com, MyImages - Micha/Shutterstock.com Jaguar: ANDRE DIB/Shutterstock.com, Ammit Jack/Shutterstock.com Leafcutter Ant: Ryan M. Bolton/Shutterstock.com, Elzbieta Sekowska/Shutterstock.com, Tilo G/Shutterstock.com Howler Monkey: Kjersti Joergensen/Shutterstock.com, Anton_Ivanov/Shutterstock.com Spider Monkey: Erni/Shutterstock.com, Erni/Shutterstock.com Ocelot: elitravo/shutterstock.com, Ondrej Prosicky/Shutterstock.com Piranha: Kokhanchikov/Shutterstock.com, feathercollector/shutterstock.com Sloth: Vilainecrevette/Shutterstock.com, Kevin Wells Photography/Shutterstock.com, dangdumrong/shutterstock.com Tapir: KreativKolors/Shutterstock.com, Jess Kraft/Shutterstock.com, Ammit Jack/Shutterstock.com Toucan: Det-anan/Shutterstock.com, Wollertz/Shutterstock.com, DeLoyd Huenink/Shutterstock.com Vampire Bat: Kozoriz Yuriy/Shutterstock.com, belizar/shutterstock.com Copyright 2015 by L. Harwood. All Rights Reserved. This publication may not be copied or distributed in whole or in part without prior written permission from the copyright holder. 2 Please report unauthorised distribution and/or copying to info@activewild.com
3 Introduction The animals in this book are found in the rainforests of South and Central America. Most live in the Amazon Rainforest, which covers a bigger area than all of the world's other rainforests put together. Rainforests are warm and wet places, with high rainfall. These conditions encourage plant growth, which in turn creates a habitat for a vast range of animals. It is believed that over half of the Earth's plant and animal species live in the rainforest. It is also estimated that there are millions of species of plants, insects and microorganisms in the rainforest that are still to be discovered. Learn more about animals at Anteater 4 Blue Morpho 7 Boa Constrictor 11 Contents Leafcutter Ant 37 Ocelot 41 Piranha 44 Caiman 15 Capybara 19 Green Anaconda 22 Harpy Eagle 25 Howler Monkey 28 Iguana 31 Jaguar 34 Poison Dart Frog 48 Red Eyed Tree Frog 51 Sloth 54 Spider Monkey 58 Tapir 62 Toucan 66 Vampire Bat 70 3
4 Iguana I guanas are large, fierce-looking lizards with sharp teeth and long, powerful tails. Surprisingly, despite their fearsome looks, iguanas are mostly herbivorous (plant-eating). Iguana Species make up over half their length, and can be used as a defence against predators. Iguanas have a row of spines running down their backs to their tails. Iguanas have extremely good eyesight, and can even see ultraviolet wavelengths. Iguanas spend most of their lives in trees. There are two species of iguana, and several other closely-related species in the Iguanidae family that have iguana in their names. How Big Are Iguanas? The two species of iguana are the green iguana and the lesser Antillean iguana. Iguanas can grow to between 1.5 and 2 metres in length. They weigh around 4 8 kg. Iguana Basics Iguanas Have Three Eyes! Iguanas, despite being large and heavylooking, are fast and agile. Their tails Iguanas have a special third eye on the top of their heads. This small eye, called 4
5 a parietal eye, doesn t see images like normal eyes, instead, it senses lightness and darkness, and movement. Iguanas use their parietal eye to detect predators. What do iguanas eat? Iguanas eat grasses, leaves, flowers and fruit. Iguana Habitats Iguanas are good climbers, and spend much of their lives in the trees. These hardy reptiles can fall large distances without injury, slowing the descent by grabbing onto twigs and leaves with their hind legs. Iguanas often live near water, and are excellent swimmers. They use their tails to propel themselves through the water. Iguana Defensive Tactics Iguanas have sharp teeth, spines on their backs, and powerful tails, all of which can be used against attackers. Like many other lizards, iguanas can shed their tails. They do this if they to green iguanas. are being attacked by a predator. The tail comes off in the predator s mouth, allowing the iguana to make its escape. The tail usually grows back, although often not as long as it was before. Another defensive tactic used by iguanas in trees is simply to jump into water and swim to safety. Green Iguana Despite their name, green iguanas vary in colour from green to black. Some are even pink! Their colour allows them to blend in to their environment, protecting them from predation. 5 Green iguanas have a large, round scale on the sides of their faces. This is known as a subtympanic shield. The green iguana is usually simply called an iguana. When people talk about iguanas, they are usually referring Green iguanas live in Central and South America and on Caribbean islands. They are also kept as pets. Lesser Antillean Iguana Lesser Antillean iguanas are found on the Lesser Antilles Islands in the Caribbean Sea. They are an endangered species due to habitat loss, hunting, and competition with green iguanas. Lesser Antillean iguanas have shorter faces than green iguanas and do not have stripes on their tails. They also lack the big scale on the side of the head that is present in green iguanas.
6 Lesser Antillean Iguana Iguana Facts Iguanas live in tropical rainforests in Central and South America, and on Caribbean islands. Iguanas have extremely good eyesight, and can even see ultraviolet wavelengths. Iguanas can fall large distances (up to 15 metres) without hurting themselves. Useful for a creature that spends much of its life up a tree! The tail of an iguana is very powerful and can be used as a weapon. Iguanas also have sharp teeth and a strong jaws. Iguanas can shed their tails to escape predators. Iguanas main predators are birds of prey. In the wild, iguanas can live for 20 years. Iguanas, like all reptiles, are cold blooded, which is why they have to bask in the sun to warm their bodies to the correct temperature. Iguanas are very good swimmers, and often live near water. Iguanas breath in lungfuls of air to help them to float in the water. 6
7 Available From Active Wild: Tales From The Brink is an exciting collection of short stories about the lives of endangered animals. Budi, a Sumatran orangutan, has a series of terrifying dreams. Realising that something bad is coming, he leaves his home in search of a new place to live. Share in his adventures as he journeys deeper into the rainforest than he's ever been before. Carrie is a leatherback turtle. As a hatchling, she learns about life in the sea with her sister, Coria. As Carrie grows up, the lure of the open sea gets ever stronger, until she and her sister set off on an epic migration. During their travels they are parted. Will Carrie ever see her sister again? Indian elephant Kabir lives in a lush valley surrounded by forest. Life in the valley seems perfect until the day a young elephant goes missing. Has she fallen into the river? Or perhaps she has wandered into the forest, where Kabir knows something dangerous is lurking... Darpan is a young Bengal tiger. Eager to prove himself to his fearsome mother, he is brave, but reckless. When the tigers' territory is invaded by strange, talking apes, both mother and son face a challenge unlike anything they've faced before. Share the lives and adventures of these incredible creatures. Learn more about the animals and the challenges that they face. Written for young nature lovers all over the world, these beautifully told stories will educate as well as entertain. Available for Kindle. Buy now from Amazon.
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